Gastrointestinal System Terms PDF

Terms related to Gastrointestinal System AWAD MOHAMMED ALQAHTANI BSc of Anesthesia Technology King Khalid University, Muhayil Asir  Organs of the Gastrointestinal tract Oral cavity Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Colon  Function...

Terms related to Gastrointestinal System AWAD MOHAMMED ALQAHTANI BSc of Anesthesia Technology King Khalid University, Muhayil Asir  Organs of the Gastrointestinal tract Oral cavity Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Colon  Function of the Digestive System Mechanical and chemical digestion of food. Absorption of nutrient molecules. Elimination of solid wastes. Digestive System Combining Forms an/o anus append/o appendix bucc/o cheek cec/o cecum chol/e bile, gall col/o colon dent/o tooth duoden/o duodenum Digestive System Combining Forms enter/o small intestine esophag/o esophagus gastr/o stomach gingiv/o gums gloss/o tongue hepat/o liver ile/o ileum  Digestive System Suffixes –emesis vomit –lithiasis stone –orexia appetite –pepsia digestion –phagia eat, swallow –prandial pertaining to a meal  Word Building with an/o & bucc/o –al anal pertaining to anus –al buccal pertaining to cheek labi/o –al labiobuccal pertaining to lips and cheeks  Word Building with append/o & appendic/o –ectomy appendectomy surgical removal of appendix –itis appendicitis inflammation of appendix  Word Building with col/o & colon/o –ectomy colectomy removal of colon –ostomy colostomy new opening into colon rect/o –al colorectal pertaining to colon & rectum –scope colonoscope instrument to view colon –ic colonic pertaining to colon Word Building with duoden/o, enter/o, & esophag/o –al duodenal pertaining to duodenum –ic enteric pertaining to intestine –itis enteritis inflammation of intestine –eal esophageal pertaining to esophagus –ectasis esophagectasis dilation of esophagus  Word Building with gastr/o –algia gastralgia stomach pain –ic gastric pertaining to stomach enter/o gastroenteritis inflammation of stomach –itis enter/o gastroenterologist stomach specialist –ologist nas/o –ic nasogastric pertaining to nose & stomach –scope gastroscope instrument to view stomach –itis gastritis inflammation of stomach –ectomy gastrectomy surgical removal of stomach  Word Building with hepat/o –itis hepatitis inflammation of liver –oma hepatoma liver tumor –ic hepatic pertaining to liver Word Building with jejun/o, lapar/o, & lingu/o –al jejunal pertaining to jejunum –otomy laparotomy incision into abdomen instrument to view inside –scope laparoscope abdomen sub– –al sublingual pertaining to under the tongue Word Building with pancreat/o & pharyng/o –itis pancreatitis inflammation of pancreas –ic pancreatic pertaining to pancreas –eal pharyngeal pertaining to pharynx –plegia pharyngoplegia pharynx paralysis –plasty pharyngoplasty surgical repair of pharynx Word Building with –emesis, –orexia, & –prandial hemat/o hematemesis vomit blood hyper– hyperemesis excessive vomiting an– anorexia lack of appetite dys– dysorexia abnormal appetite post– postprandial pertaining to after a meal  Word Building with –pepsia & –phagia brady– bradypepsia slow digestion dys– dyspepsia Abnormal-painful digestion a– aphagia lack of eating dys– dysphagia abnormal eating poly– polyphagia too much eating  Eating Disorders Anorexia A morbid refusal to eat Obaesity because the person wants Excessive body weight to be dangerously thin. that often results from overeating. Bulaimia Eating, then purposefully purging or vomiting to achieve weight loss.  Disorders of the Stomach Achlorhydria Lack of hydrochloric acid Flatulence in the stomach. Accumulation of gas in the HCI:(PH 1.5 to 3.5) breaks down the food, and the digestive enzymes stomach or intestines. split up the proteins in the food. Dyspepsia Hematemesis Difficulty with digesting food. Vomiting of blood from the stomach. Gastritis Any stomach inflammation. Hiatal hernia Gastroenteritis Protrusion of the stomach through an opening in the Inflammation of both the diaphragm. stomach and small intestine.  Liver Disorders Hepatomegaly Hepatitis Enlarged liver. Term for several types of contagious diseases of the liver.  Disorders of the Intestines Duodenal ulcers Ileus A form of peptic ulcer An intestinal blockage. thought to be bacterial in origin. Colitis Appendicitis General term for inflammation in the small intestine. Inflammation of the appendix, which lies on the Ulcerative colitis side of the duodenum, and becomes inflamed if gastric A chronic type of irritable substances leak into it from bowel disease. the duodenum.  References Quick and Easy Medical Terminology, 7th Edition, Peggy C. Leonard, Elsevier, 2014. Page Number: 221-247.