Digestive System Anatomy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which organ is primarily involved in the mechanical and chemical digestion of food?

  • Stomach (correct)
  • Pharynx
  • Esophagus
  • Colon

    • Anorexia is characterized by excessive body weight.

    False

    What is the term for the surgical removal of the appendix?

    appendectomy

    The ______ is the part of the gastrointestinal system where most nutrient absorption occurs.

    <p>small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following digestive system combining forms with their meanings:

    <p>hepat/o = liver gastr/o = stomach enter/o = small intestine col/o = colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following suffixes refers to inflammation?

    <p>-itis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dysphagia refers to the lack of eating.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for excessive vomiting?

    <p>hyperemesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A ______ is an instrument used to view the stomach.

    <p>gastroscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following eating disorders with their descriptions:

    <p>Anorexia = Morbid refusal to eat Obesity = Excessive body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is bulimia characterized by?

    <p>Overeating followed by purging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Achlorhydria refers to excess hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hematemesis?

    <p>Vomiting of blood from the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The condition characterized by the inflammation of the appendix is called _______.

    <p>appendicitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following conditions with their descriptions:

    <p>Gastritis = Stomach inflammation Hepatomegaly = Enlarged liver Ileus = Intestinal blockage Ulcerative colitis = Chronic inflammatory bowel disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a hiatal hernia?

    <p>Protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dyspepsia is a condition involving excess production of digestive enzymes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is gastroenteritis?

    <p>Inflammation of both the stomach and small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Accumulation of gas in the stomach is known as _______.

    <p>flatulence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the liver disease with its definition:

    <p>Hepatitis = Contagious liver disease Hepatomegaly = Enlargement of the liver Achlorhydria = Lack of hydrochloric acid Gastritis = Inflammation of the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suffix indicates a lack of appetite?

    <p>-orexia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anorexia is defined as a morbid refusal to eat.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the surgical removal of the stomach?

    <p>gastrectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ is the part of the gastrointestinal system where waste is eliminated.

    <p>colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following digestive disorders with their descriptions:

    <p>Dysphagia = Abnormal eating Anorexia = Morbid refusal to eat Obesity = Excessive body weight Dyspepsia = Abnormal-painful digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combining form refers to the stomach?

    <p>gastr/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the instrument used to view the colon.

    <p>colonoscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The combining form for the small intestine is ______.

    <p>enter/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition refers to inflammation of the pancreas?

    <p>Pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by the vomiting of blood from the stomach?

    <p>Hematemesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hiatal hernia involves the protrusion of the stomach through an opening in the diaphragm.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inflammation of the appendix?

    <p>appendicitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The condition known as ________ is an accumulation of gas in the stomach.

    <p>flatulence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following gastrointestinal conditions with their definitions:

    <p>Gastritis = Stomach inflammation Gastroenteritis = Inflammation of the stomach and small intestine Dyspepsia = Difficulty in digesting food Ileus = Intestinal blockage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a chronic type of irritable bowel disease?

    <p>Ulcerative colitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Achlorhydria refers to a lack of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of duodenal ulcers?

    <p>bacterial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ________ is the term for liver enlargement.

    <p>hepatomegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following liver disorders with their descriptions:

    <p>Hepatitis = Contagious liver disease Hepatomegaly = Enlargement of the liver Liver cirrhosis = Scar tissue formation in the liver Liver cancer = Malignant growth in liver tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suffix refers to the ability to eat or swallow?

    <p>-phagia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Colostomy refers to the surgical removal of the colon.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by inflammation of the stomach?

    <p>gastritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An excessive body weight condition is known as __________.

    <p>obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the combining forms with their meanings:

    <p>hepat/o = liver gastr/o = stomach esophag/o = esophagus enter/o = small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the lack of appetite?

    <p>anorexia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hepatoma is a term used to describe a tumor in the liver.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for the surgical removal of the stomach?

    <p>gastrectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The suffix '-itis' indicates __________.

    <p>inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following eating disorders with their descriptions:

    <p>Anorexia = Morbid refusal to eat Obesity = Excessive body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is characterized by eating then purposefully purging?

    <p>Bulimia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hematemeis is the vomiting of bile only.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by an inflammation of the appendix?

    <p>Appendicitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ________ refers to a lack of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

    <p>Achlorhydria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following digestive disorders with their definitions:

    <p>Gastroenteritis = Inflammation of both the stomach and small intestine Colitis = General term for inflammation in the large intestine Duodenal ulcers = Form of peptic ulcer thought to be bacterial in origin Ulcerative colitis = Chronic type of irritable bowel disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions involves an intestinal blockage?

    <p>Ileus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hiatal hernia refers to the inflammation of the stomach.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an enlarged liver?

    <p>Hepatomegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Accumulation of gas in the stomach is known as _______.

    <p>Flatulence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following liver disorders with their definitions:

    <p>Hepatitis = Term for several types of contagious diseases of the liver Hepatomegaly = Enlarged liver Chronic hepatitis = Long-term inflammation of the liver Cirrhosis = Severe scarring of the liver tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to slow digestion?

    <p>Bradypepsia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The suffix '-lithiasis' refers to appetite.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by inflammation of the liver?

    <p>Hepatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The surgical removal of the colon is known as __________.

    <p>colectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following suffixes with their meanings:

    <p>-itis = Inflammation -ectomy = Surgical removal -algia = Pain -emia = Blood condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What instrument is used to view the stomach?

    <p>Gastroscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anorexia is a condition where a person excessively eats.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'gastroenteritis' refer to?

    <p>Inflammation of the stomach and intestines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The combining form for the esophagus is __________.

    <p>esophag/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to a lack of eating?

    <p>Aphagia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by the accumulation of gas in the stomach?

    <p>Flatulence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hematemesis refers to the vomiting of blood from the stomach.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an intestinal blockage?

    <p>Ileus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lack of hydrochloric acid in the stomach is known as _______.

    <p>Achlorhydria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following digestive disorders with their definitions:

    <p>Gastritis = Inflammation of the stomach Colitis = Inflammation of the colon Hepatitis = Inflammation of the liver Appendicitis = Inflammation of the appendix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a chronic type of irritable bowel disease?

    <p>Ulcerative colitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A hiatal hernia is the protrusion of the stomach through an opening in the diaphragm.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for the inflammation of both the stomach and small intestine?

    <p>Gastroenteritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ________ is the term for several types of contagious diseases of the liver.

    <p>Hepatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is believed to be bacterial in origin and causes peptic ulcers?

    <p>Duodenal ulcers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combining form refers to the liver?

    <p>hepat/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dysphagia refers to the inability to swallow.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the condition involving excessive vomiting?

    <p>hyperemesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The surgical removal of the stomach is called __________.

    <p>gastrectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the suffixes to their meanings:

    <p>-algia = pain -itis = inflammation -ectomy = surgical removal -scope = instrument to view</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suffix indicates a condition related to appetite?

    <p>-orexia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gastroscopy is an instrument used to view the pharynx.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for inflammation of the pancreas?

    <p>pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Colostomy is a procedure that creates a new opening into the __________.

    <p>colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following eating disorders with their descriptions:

    <p>Anorexia = Morbid refusal to eat Obesity = Excessive body weight Bulimia = Binge eating followed by purging Pica = Eating non-food substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inflammation of the stomach?

    <p>Gastritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ileus refers to an intestinal blockage.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by vomiting of blood from the stomach?

    <p>Hematemesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ________ refers to the presence of excessive gas in the stomach.

    <p>Flatulence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following disorders with their definitions:

    <p>Duodenal Ulcers = A form of peptic ulcer thought to be bacterial in origin Appendicitis = Inflammation of the appendix Ulcerative Colitis = A chronic type of irritable bowel disease Colitis = General term for inflammation in the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is characterized by an enlarged liver?

    <p>Hepatomegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Achlorhydria indicates an excess of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for inflammation of both the stomach and small intestine?

    <p>Gastroenteritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A __________ is a protrusion of the stomach through an opening in the diaphragm.

    <p>hiatal hernia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their meanings:

    <p>Gastritis = Any stomach inflammation Hepatitis = Term for several types of contagious diseases of the liver Dyspepsia = Difficulty with digesting food Ileus = An intestinal blockage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combining form refers to the appendix?

    <p>append/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anorexia is characterized by an excessive appetite.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for inflammation of the liver?

    <p>hepatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ is responsible for the absorption of nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract.

    <p>small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following suffixes with their meanings:

    <p>-ectomy = surgical removal -itis = inflammation -algia = pain -emesis = vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suffix indicates pertaining to a meal?

    <p>-prandial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dysphagia refers to the inability to swallow.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the term for the surgical removal of the colon.

    <p>colectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hematemeis refers to the vomiting of ______.

    <p>blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the organ primarily responsible for bile production?

    <p>liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by the accumulation of gas in the stomach?

    <p>Flatulence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Achlorhydria is associated with an excess of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inflammation of the stomach?

    <p>Gastritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An intestinal blockage is referred to as ______.

    <p>Ileus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following digestive disorders with their descriptions:

    <p>Hepatitis = Term for several types of contagious diseases of the liver Colitis = General term for inflammation in the large intestine Duodenal Ulcers = A form of peptic ulcer thought to be bacterial in origin Appendicitis = Inflammation of the appendix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition involves the inflammation of both the stomach and small intestine?

    <p>Gastroenteritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hepatomegaly is the term used for liver inflammation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is known as a chronic type of irritable bowel disease?

    <p>Ulcerative colitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ________ is the vomiting of blood from the stomach.

    <p>Hematemesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is a protrusion of the stomach through an opening in the diaphragm?

    <p>Hiatal hernia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which combining form refers to the liver?

    <p>hepat/o</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hyperemesis refers to a lack of appetite.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the medical term for the surgical removal of the colon?

    <p>colectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The inflammation of the stomach is known as ______.

    <p>gastritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following gastrointestinal terms with their meanings:

    <p>anorexia = Refusal to eat obesity = Excessive body weight hepatitis = Inflammation of the liver appendicitis = Inflammation of the appendix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suffix indicates the process of eating or swallowing?

    <p>-phagia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dyspepsia is characterized by slow digestion.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the instrument used to view the stomach?

    <p>gastroscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The part of the gastrointestinal system where most nutrient absorption occurs is the ______.

    <p>small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix '-ectomy' refer to?

    <p>Surgical removal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition involves vomiting of blood from the stomach?

    <p>Hematemesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bulimia is characterized by excessive eating followed by purging.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the inflammation of the appendix?

    <p>Appendicitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _________ is a lack of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

    <p>Achlorhydria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following disorders with their descriptions:

    <p>Gastritis = Stomach inflammation Colitis = Inflammation of the colon Hepatomegaly = Enlarged liver Gastroenteritis = Inflammation of the stomach and small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition related to an intestinal blockage?

    <p>Ileus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A hiatal hernia involves the stomach pushing through the diaphragm.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for the condition characterized by an enlarged liver?

    <p>Hepatomegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The general term for inflammation of the intestines is __________.

    <p>Colitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following gastrointestinal conditions with their definitions:

    <p>Duodenal ulcers = Peptic ulcer thought to be bacterial in origin Ulcerative colitis = Chronic type of irritable bowel disease Achlorhydria = Lack of hydrochloric acid Gastroenteritis = Inflammation of both stomach and small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Organs of the Gastrointestinal Tract

    • The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and colon.

    Functions of the Digestive System

    • The digestive system performs mechanical and chemical digestion of food.
    • It absorbs nutrient molecules into the bloodstream.
    • It eliminates solid waste products.

    Digestive System Combining Forms

    • Combining forms related to the digestive system:
      • an/o: anus
      • append/o: appendix
      • bucc/o: cheek
      • cec/o: cecum
      • chol/e: bile, gall
      • col/o: colon
      • dent/o: tooth
      • duoden/o: duodenum
      • enter/o: small intestine
      • esophag/o: esophagus
      • gastr/o: stomach
      • gingiv/o: gums
      • gloss/o: tongue
      • hepat/o: liver
      • ile/o: ileum

    Digestive System Suffixes

    • Suffixes related to digestion:
      • –emesis: vomit
      • –lithiasis: stone
      • –orexia: appetite
      • –pepsia: digestion
      • –phagia: eat, swallow
      • –prandial: pertaining to a meal

    Word Building with Digestive System Combining Forms and Suffixes

    • an/o & bucc/o:
      • anal: pertaining to the anus
      • buccal: pertaining to the cheek
      • labiobuccal: pertaining to the lips and cheeks
    • append/o & appendic/o:
      • appendectomy: surgical removal of the appendix
      • appendicitis: inflammation of the appendix
    • col/o & colon/o:
      • colectomy: removal of the colon
      • colostomy: new opening into the colon
      • colorectal: pertaining to the colon and rectum
      • colonoscope: instrument to view the colon
      • colonic: pertaining to the colon
    • duoden/o, enter/o, & esophag/o:
      • duodenal: pertaining to the duodenum
      • enteric: pertaining to the intestine
      • enteritis: inflammation of the intestine
      • esophageal: pertaining to the esophagus
      • esophagectasis: dilation of the esophagus
    • gastr/o:
      • gastralgia: stomach pain
      • gastric: pertaining to the stomach
      • gastroenteritis: inflammation of the stomach and intestines
      • gastroenterologist: stomach specialist
      • nasogastric: pertaining to the nose and stomach
      • gastroscope: instrument to view the stomach
      • gastritis : inflammation of the stomach
      • gastrectomy: surgical removal of the stomach
    • hepat/o:
      • hepatitis: inflammation of the liver
      • hepatoma: liver tumor
      • hepatic: pertaining to the liver
    • jejun/o, lapar/o, & lingu/o:
      • jejunal: pertaining to the jejunum
      • laparotomy: incision into the abdomen
      • laparoscope: instrument to view inside the abdomen
      • sublingual: pertaining to under the tongue
    • pancreat/o & pharyng/o:
      • pancreatitis: inflammation of the pancreas
      • pancreatic: pertaining to the pancreas
      • pharyngeal: pertaining to the pharynx
      • pharyngoplegia: pharynx paralysis
      • pharyngoplasty: surgical repair of the pharynx
    • –emesis, –orexia, & –prandial:
      • hematemesis: vomit blood
      • hyperemesis: excessive vomiting
      • anorexia: lack of appetite
      • dysorexia: abnormal appetite
      • postprandial: pertaining to after a meal
    • –pepsia & –phagia:
      • bradypepsia: slow digestion
      • dyspepsia: abnormal-painful digestion
      • aphagia: lack of eating
      • dysphagia: abnormal eating
      • polyphagia: too much eating

    Eating Disorders

    • Anorexia: a morbid refusal to eat due to the desire to be dangerously thin.
    • Obesity: excessive body weight that often results from overeating.
    • Bulimia: eating, then purposefully purging or vomiting to achieve weight loss.

    Disorders of the Stomach

    • Achlorhydria: lack of hydrochloric acid (HCI) in the stomach. HCI breaks down food and digestive enzymes split up proteins.
    • Flatulence: accumulation of gas in the stomach or intestines.
    • Dyspepsia: difficulty with digesting food.
    • Hematemesis: vomiting of blood from the stomach.
    • Gastritis: any stomach inflammation.
    • Hiatal hernia: protrusion of the stomach through an opening in the diaphragm.
    • Gastroenteritis: inflammation of both the stomach and small intestine.

    Liver Disorders

    • Hepatomegaly: enlarged liver.
    • Hepatitis: various types of contagious diseases of the liver.

    Disorders of the Intestines

    • Duodenal ulcers: a form of peptic ulcer thought to be bacterial in origin.
    • Ileus: intestinal blockage.
    • Colitis: general term for inflammation in the small intestine.
    • Appendicitis: inflammation of the appendix, located on the side of the duodenum.
    • Ulcerative colitis: a chronic type of irritable bowel disease.

    Organs of the Gastrointestinal Tract

    • The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and colon.

    Function of the Digestive System

    • The digestive system performs mechanical and chemical digestion of food.
    • The digestive system is responsible for absorbing nutrient molecules.
    • The digestive system eliminates solid wastes.

    Digestive System Combining Forms

    • an/o - anus
    • append/o - appendix
    • bucc/o - cheek
    • cec/o - cecum
    • chol/e - bile, gall
    • col/o - colon
    • dent/o - tooth
    • duoden/o - duodenum
    • enter/o - small intestine
    • esophag/o - esophagus
    • gastr/o - stomach
    • gingiv/o - gums
    • gloss/o - tongue
    • hepat/o - liver
    • ile/o - ileum

    Digestive System Suffixes

    • –emesis - vomit
    • –lithiasis - stone
    • –orexia - appetite
    • –pepsia - digestion
    • –phagia - eat, swallow
    • –prandial - pertaining to a meal

    Word Building

    • an/o and bucc/o
      • –al - anal (pertaining to anus), buccal (pertaining to cheek), labiobuccal (pertaining to lips and cheeks)
    • append/o and appendic/o
      • –ectomy - appendectomy (surgical removal of appendix)
      • –itis - appendicitis (inflammation of appendix)
    • col/o and colon/o
      • –ectomy - colectomy (removal of colon)
      • –ostomy - colostomy (new opening into colon)
      • rect/o –al - colorectal (pertaining to colon & rectum)
      • –scope - colonoscope (instrument to view colon)
      • –ic - colonic (pertaining to colon)
    • duoden/o, enter/o, and esophag/o
      • –al - duodenal (pertaining to duodenum)
      • –ic - enteric (pertaining to intestine)
      • –itis - enteritis (inflammation of intestine)
      • –eal - esophageal (pertaining to esophagus)
      • –ectasis - esophagectasis (dilation of esophagus)
    • gastr/o
      • –algia - gastralgia (stomach pain)
      • –ic - gastric (pertaining to stomach)
      • enter/o –itis - gastroenteritis (inflammation of stomach and intestine)
      • enter/o –ologist - gastroenterologist (stomach specialist)
      • nas/o –ic - nasogastric (pertaining to nose & stomach)
      • –scope - gastroscope (instrument to view stomach)
      • –itis - gastritis (inflammation of stomach)
      • –ectomy - gastrectomy (surgical removal of stomach)
    • hepat/o
      • –itis - hepatitis (inflammation of liver)
      • –oma - hepatoma (liver tumor)
      • –ic - hepatic (pertaining to liver)
    • jejun/o, lapar/o, and lingu/o
      • –al - jejunal (pertaining to jejunum)
      • –otomy - laparotomy (incision into abdomen)
      • –scope - laparoscope (instrument to view inside the abdomen)
      • sub– –al - sublingual (pertaining to under the tongue)
    • pancreat/o and pharyng/o
      • –itis - pancreatitis (inflammation of pancreas)
      • –ic - pancreatic (pertaining to pancreas)
      • –eal - pharyngeal (pertaining to pharynx)
      • –plegia - pharyngoplegia (pharynx paralysis)
      • –plasty - pharyngoplasty (surgical repair of pharynx)
    • –emesis, –orexia, and –prandial
      • hemat/o - hematemesis (vomit blood)
      • hyper– - hyperemesis (excessive vomiting)
      • an– - anorexia (lack of appetite)
      • dys– - dysorexia (abnormal appetite)
      • post– - postprandial (pertaining to after a meal)
    • –pepsia and –phagia
      • brady– - bradypepsia (slow digestion)
      • dys– - dyspepsia (Abnormal-painful digestion)
      • a– - aphagia (lack of eating)
      • dys– - dysphagia (abnormal eating)
      • poly– - polyphagia (too much eating)

    Eating Disorders

    • Anorexia - Morbid refusal to eat due to a desire to be dangerously thin.
    • Obesity - Excessive body weight often resulting from overeating.
    • Bulimia - Eating then purposely purging or vomiting to achieve weight loss.

    Disorders of the Stomach

    • Achlorhydria - Lack of hydrochloric acid (HCI) in the stomach, HCI breaks down food and digestive enzymes split up proteins.
    • Flatulence - Accumulation of gas in the stomach or intestines
    • Dyspepsia - Difficulty with digesting food.
    • **Hematemesis **- Vomiting of blood from the stomach.
    • Gastritis - Any stomach inflammation.
    • Hiatal hernia - Protrusion of the stomach through an opening in the diaphragm.
    • Gastroenteritis - Inflammation of both the stomach and small intestine.

    Liver Disorders

    • Hepatomegaly - Enlarged liver.
    • Hepatitis - Several types of contagious liver diseases.

    Disorders of the Intestines

    • Duodenal ulcers - A form of peptic ulcer thought to be bacterial in origin.
    • Ileus - An intestinal blockage
    • Colitis - General inflammation of the small intestine.
    • Appendicitis - Inflammation of the appendix, which lies on the side of the duodenum.
    • Ulcerative colitis - A chronic type of irritable bowel disease.

    Organs of the Gastrointestinal Tract

    • The Gastrointestinal Tract (GI) is made up of the following organs:
      • Oral cavity
      • Pharynx
      • Esophagus
      • Stomach
      • Small intestine
      • Colon

    Functions of the Digestive System

    • The digestive system is responsible for:
      • Mechanical and chemical digestion of food.
      • Absorption of nutrient molecules.
      • Elimination of solid waste.

    Digestive System Combining Forms

    • Combining forms are used to create medical terms.
    • Some combining forms related to the digestive system include:
      • an/o - anus
      • append/o - appendix
      • bucc/o - cheek
      • cec/o - cecum
      • chol/e - bile, gall
      • col/o - colon
      • dent/o - tooth
      • duoden/o - duodenum
      • enter/o - small intestine
      • esophag/o - esophagus
      • gastr/o - stomach
      • gingiv/o - gums
      • gloss/o - tongue
      • hepat/o - liver
      • ile/o - ileum

    Digestive System Suffixes

    • Suffixes also contribute to medical terminology.
    • Suffixes related to the digestive system include:
      • -emesis - vomit
      • -lithiasis - stone
      • -orexia - appetite
      • -pepsia - digestion
      • -phagia - eat, swallow
      • -prandial - pertaining to a meal

    Word Building with Common Combining Forms and Suffixes

    • an/o and bucc/o:
      • anal - pertaining to the anus
      • buccal - pertaining to the cheek
      • labiobuccal - pertaining to the lips and cheeks
    • append/o and appendic/o:
      • appendectomy - surgical removal of the appendix
      • appendicitis - inflammation of the appendix
    • col/o and colon/o:
      • colectomy - removal of the colon
      • colostomy - creation of an opening in the colon
      • colorectal - pertaining to the colon and rectum
      • colonoscope - instrument used to view the colon
      • colonic - pertaining to the colon
    • duoden/o, enter/o and esophag/o:
      • duodenal - pertaining to the duodenum
      • enteric - pertaining to the intestine
      • enteritis - inflammation of the intestine
      • esophageal - pertaining to the esophagus
      • esophagectasis - dilation of the esophagus
    • gastr/o:
      • gastralgia - stomach pain
      • gastric - pertaining to the stomach
      • gastroenteritis - inflammation of the stomach and intestines
      • gastroenterologist - a specialist in the stomach and intestines
      • nasogastric - pertaining to the nose and stomach
      • gastroscope - an instrument to view the stomach
      • gastritis - inflammation of the stomach
      • gastrectomy - surgical removal of the stomach
    • hepat/o:
      • hepatitis - inflammation of the liver
      • hepatoma - a tumor in the liver
      • hepatic - pertaining to the liver
    • jejun/o, lapar/o and lingu/o:
      • jejunal - pertaining to the jejunum
      • laparotomy - incision into the abdomen
      • laparoscope - instrument to view inside the abdomen
      • sublingual - pertaining to under the tongue
    • pancreat/o and pharyng/o:
      • pancreatitis - inflammation of the pancreas
      • pancreatic - pertaining to the pancreas
      • pharyngeal - pertaining to the pharynx
      • pharyngoplegia - paralysis of the pharynx
      • pharyngoplasty - surgical repair of the pharynx
    • -emesis, -orexia and -prandial:
      • hematemesis - vomiting blood
      • hyperemesis - excessive vomiting
      • anorexia - lack of appetite
      • dysorexia - abnormal appetite
      • postprandial - pertaining to after a meal
    • -pepsia and -phagia:
      • bradypepsia - slow digestion
      • dyspepsia - abnormal or painful digestion
      • aphagia - lack of eating
      • dysphagia - difficulty swallowing
      • polyphagia - excessive eating

    Eating Disorders

    • Anorexia: Morbid refusal to eat, often due to a desire to be extremely thin.
    • Bulimia: Eating followed by purging or vomiting to control weight.
    • Obesity: Excessive body weight often due to overeating

    Disorders of the Stomach

    • Achlorhydria: Lack of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
      • HCL (pH 1.5 to 3.5) helps break down food and activates digestive enzymes.
    • Flatulence: Accumulation of gas in the stomach or intestines.
    • Dyspepsia: Difficulty digesting food.
    • Hematemesis: Vomiting blood from the stomach.
    • Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach.
    • Hiatal Hernia: Protrusion of the stomach through an opening in the diaphragm.
    • Gastroenteritis: An inflammation of both the stomach and small intestine.

    Liver Disorders

    • Hepatomegaly: Enlarged liver.
    • Hepatitis: Contagious diseases of the liver.

    Disorders of the Intestines

    • Duodenal ulcers: form of peptic ulcer thought to be bacterial.
    • Ileus: Intestinal blockage.
    • Colitis: General term for intestinal inflammation.
    • Appendicitis: Inflammation of the appendix.
    • Ulcerative colitis: Chronic type of irritable bowel disease.

    Organs of the Gastrointestinal Tract

    • The gastrointestinal tract consists of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and colon.

    Function of the Digestive System

    • The digestive system breaks down food mechanically and chemically.
    • It absorbs nutrients from digested food.
    • The digestive system eliminates solid waste.

    Combining Forms

    • an/o refers to the anus.
    • append/o refers to the appendix.
    • bucc/o denotes the cheek.
    • cec/o refers to the cecum.
    • chol/e relates to bile or gall.
    • col/o denotes the colon.
    • dent/o refers to a tooth.
    • duoden/o refers to the duodenum.
    • enter/o refers to the small intestine.
    • esophag/o refers to the esophagus.
    • gastr/o refers to the stomach.
    • gingiv/o refers to the gums.
    • gloss/o refers to the tongue.
    • hepat/o refers to the liver.
    • ile/o refers to the ileum.

    Suffixes

    • –emesis means vomit.
    • –lithiasis means stone.
    • –orexia refers to appetite.
    • –pepsia means digestion.
    • –phagia refers to eating or swallowing.
    • –prandial refers to a meal.

    Word Building

    • anal refers to the anus.
    • buccal refers to the cheek.
    • labiobuccal refers to the lips and cheeks.
    • appendectomy refers to surgical removal of the appendix.
    • appendicitis means inflammation of the appendix.
    • colectomy denotes removal of the colon.
    • colostomy means a new opening into the colon.
    • colorectal refers to the colon and rectum.
    • colonoscope is an instrument to view the colon.
    • colonic refers to the colon.
    • duodenal refers to the duodenum.
    • enteric refers to the intestines.
    • enteritis means inflammation of the intestines.
    • esophageal refers to the esophagus.
    • esophagectasis signifies dilation of the esophagus.
    • gastralgia means stomach pain.
    • gastric refers to the stomach.
    • gastroenteritis means inflammation of the stomach and intestines.
    • gastroenterologist specializes in the stomach.
    • nasogastric refers to the nose and stomach.
    • gastroscope is an instrument to view the stomach.
    • gastritis means inflammation of the stomach.
    • gastrectomy means surgical removal of the stomach.
    • hepatitis means inflammation of the liver.
    • hepatoma refers to a liver tumor.
    • hepatic refers to the liver.
    • jejunal refers to the jejunum.
    • laparotomy refers to an incision into the abdomen.
    • laparoscope is an instrument to view inside the abdomen.
    • sublingual refers to the area under the tongue.
    • pancreatitis means inflammation of the pancreas.
    • pancreatic refers to the pancreas.
    • pharyngeal refers to the pharynx.
    • pharyngoplegia denotes paralysis of the pharynx.
    • pharyngoplasty refers to surgical repair of the pharynx.
    • hematemesis means vomiting blood.
    • hyperemesis refers to excessive vomiting.
    • anorexia means lacking appetite.
    • dysorexia refers to abnormal appetite.
    • postprandial refers to the period after a meal.
    • bradypepsia means slow digestion.
    • dyspepsia refers to abnormal or painful digestion.
    • aphagia means lacking the ability to eat.
    • dysphagia refers to an abnormal eating.
    • polyphagia refers to eating too much.

    Eating Disorders

    • Anorexia is a morbid refusal to eat due to the desire to be thin.
    • Obesity is excessive body weight often caused by overeating.
    • Bulimia involves eating and then purposely purging or vomiting to lose weight.

    Disorders of the Stomach

    • Achlorhydria is the lack of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
    • Flatulence is the accumulation of gas in the stomach or intestines.
    • Dyspepsia refers to difficulty digesting food.
    • Hematemesis is the vomiting of blood from the stomach.
    • Gastritis is any inflammation of the stomach.
    • Hiatal hernia is a protrusion of the stomach through an opening in the diaphragm.
    • Gastroenteritis is the inflammation of both the stomach and small intestine.

    Liver Disorders

    • Hepatomegaly refers to an enlarged liver.
    • Hepatitis is a term for several types of contagious diseases of the liver.

    Disorders of the Intestines

    • Duodenal ulcers are a form of peptic ulcer thought to be bacterial in origin.
    • Ileus is an intestinal blockage.
    • Colitis is a general term for inflammation in the small intestine.
    • Appendicitis is the inflammation of the appendix, which lies on the side of the duodenum.
    • Ulcerative colitis is a chronic type of irritable bowel disease.

    Organs of the Gastrointestinal Tract

    • The Gastrointestinal tract is composed of:
      • Oral Cavity
      • Pharynx
      • Esophagus
      • Stomach
      • Small Intestine
      • Colon

    Functions of The Digestive System

    • The digestive system has 4 main functions:
      • Mechanical and chemical digestion of food
      • Absorption of nutrient molecules
      • Elimination of solid waste
      • Secretion of hormones for digestion

    Combining Forms

    • an/o - anus
      • Anal - pertaining to anus
    • append/o - appendix
      • Appendectomy - surgical removal of appendix
      • Appendicitis - inflammation of appendix
    • bucc/o - cheek
      • Buccal - pertaining to cheek
    • cec/o - cecum
    • chol/e - bile, gall
    • col/o - colon
      • Colectomy - removal of colon
      • Colostomy - new opening into colon
      • Colorectal - pertaining to colon and rectum
      • Colonoscope - instrument to view colon
      • Colonic - pertaining to colon
    • dent/o - tooth
    • duoden/o - duodenum
      • Duodenal - pertaining to duodenum
      • Duodenal ulcers - a form of peptic ulcers thought to be bacterial in origin
    • enter/o - small intestine
      • Enteric - pertaining to intestine
      • Enteritis - inflammation of intestine
    • esophag/o - esophagus
      • Esophageal - pertaining to esophagus
      • Esophagectasis - dilation of esophagus
    • gastr/o - stomach
      • Gastralgia - stomach pain
      • Gastric - pertaining to stomach
      • Gastroenteritis - inflammation of stomach and intestines
      • Gastroenterologist - stomach specialist
      • Nasogastric - pertaining to nose and stomach
      • Gastroscope - instrument to view stomach
      • Gastritis - inflammation of stomach
      • Gastrectomy - surgical removal of stomach
    • gingiv/o - gums
    • gloss/o - tongue
    • hepat/o - liver
      • Hepatitis - inflammation of the liver
      • Hepatoma - tumor in the liver
      • Hepatic - pertaining to the liver
    • ile/o - ileum
      • Ileus - an intestinal blockage
    • jejun/o - jejunum
      • Jejunal - pertaining to jejunum
    • lapar/o - abdomen
      • Laparotomy - incision into the abdomen
      • Laparoscope - instrument to view inside the abdomen
    • lingu/o - tongue
      • Sublingual - pertaining to under the tongue
    • pancreat/o - pancreas
      • Pancreatitis - inflammation of the pancreas
      • Pancreatic - pertaining to the pancreas
    • pharyng/o - pharynx
      • Pharyngeal - pertaining to pharynx
      • Pharyngoplegia - pharynx paralysis
      • Pharyngoplasty - surgical repair of pharynx

    Suffixes

    • -emesis - vomit
      • Hematemesis - vomit blood
      • Hyperemesis - excessive vomiting
    • -lithiasis - stone
    • -orexia - appetite
      • Anorexia - lack of appetite
      • Dysorexia - abnormal appetite
    • -pepsia - digestion
      • Bradypepsia - slow digestion
      • Dyspepsia - abnormal or painful digestion
    • -phagia - eat, swallow
      • Aphagia - lack of eating, swallowing
      • Dysphagia - abnormal swallowing
      • Polyphagia - excessive eating
    • -prandial - pertaining to a meal
      • Postprandial - pertaining to after a meal

    Eating Disorders

    • Anorexia - Morbid refusal to eat due to a desire to be dangerously thin.
    • Obesity - Excessive body weight often caused by overeating.
    • Bulimia - Eating, then purging or vomiting to achieve weight loss.

    Disorders of the Stomach

    • Achlorhydria - Lack of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach. HCl breaks down food and digestive enzymes split up proteins.
    • Flatulence - Accumulation of gas in the stomach or intestines.
    • Dyspepsia - Difficulty with digesting food.
    • Hematemesis - Vomiting of blood from the stomach.
    • Gastritis - Any stomach inflammation.
    • Hiatal hernia - Protrusion of the stomach through an opening in the diaphragm.
    • Gastroenteritis - Inflammation of the stomach and small intestine.

    Liver Disorders

    • Hepatomegaly - Enlarged liver.
    • Hepatitis - Contagious diseases that affect the liver.

    Disorders of the Intestines

    • Colitis - General term for inflammation of the small intestine.
    • Appendicitis - Inflammation of the appendix, which lies on the side of the duodenum and becomes inflamed if gastric substances leak into it.
    • Ulcerative colitis - A chronic type of irritable bowel disease.

    Organs of the Gastrointestinal Tract

    • Oral cavity: The mouth, including the teeth, tongue, and salivary glands.
    • Pharynx: The throat, connecting the mouth to the esophagus.
    • Esophagus: A muscular tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach.
    • Stomach: A muscular sac that mixes and digests food.
    • Small intestine: A long, coiled tube where most nutrient absorption takes place.
    • Colon: The large intestine, responsible for water absorption and waste elimination.

    Function of the Digestive System

    • Mechanical digestion: Physically breaking down food into smaller pieces.
    • Chemical digestion: Using enzymes to break down food into smaller molecules.
    • Absorption of nutrients: The process of taking in digested food molecules into the bloodstream.
    • Elimination of solid wastes: Removal of undigested food and waste products from the body.

    Combining Forms

    • an/o: anus
    • append/o: appendix
    • bucc/o: cheek
    • cec/o: cecum
    • chol/e: bile, gall
    • col/o: colon
    • dent/o: tooth
    • duoden/o: duodenum
    • enter/o: small intestine
    • esophag/o: esophagus
    • gastr/o: stomach
    • gingiv/o: gums
    • gloss/o: tongue
    • hepat/o: liver
    • ile/o: ileum

    Suffixes

    • –emesis: vomit
    • –lithiasis: stone
    • –orexia: appetite
    • –pepsia: digestion
    • –phagia: eat, swallow
    • –prandial: pertaining to a meal

    Word Building

    • anal: pertaining to the anus
    • buccal: pertaining to the cheek
    • labiobuccal: pertaining to lips and cheeks
    • appendectomy: surgical removal of the appendix
    • appendicitis: inflammation of the appendix
    • colectomy: removal of the colon
    • colostomy: new opening into the colon
    • colorectal: pertaining to the colon and rectum
    • colonoscope: instrument to view the colon
    • colonic: pertaining to the colon
    • duodenal: pertaining to the duodenum
    • enteric: pertaining to the intestine
    • enteritis: inflammation of the intestine
    • esophageal: pertaining to the esophagus
    • esophagectasis: dilation of the esophagus
    • gastralgia: stomach pain
    • gastric: pertaining to the stomach
    • gastroenteritis: inflammation of the stomach and intestine
    • gastroenterologist: specialist in the stomach and intestine
    • nasogastric: pertaining to the nose and stomach
    • gastroscope: instrument to view the stomach
    • gastritis: inflammation of the stomach
    • gastrectomy: surgical removal of the stomach
    • hepatitis: inflammation of the liver
    • hepatoma: liver tumor
    • hepatic: pertaining to the liver
    • jejunal: pertaining to the jejunum
    • laparotomy: incision into the abdomen
    • laparoscope: instrument to view inside the abdomen
    • sublingual: pertaining to under the tongue
    • pancreatitis: inflammation of the pancreas
    • pancreatic: pertaining to the pancreas
    • pharyngeal: pertaining to the pharynx
    • pharyngoplegia: pharynx paralysis
    • pharyngoplasty: surgical repair of the pharynx
    • hematemesis: vomit blood
    • hyperemesis: excessive vomiting
    • anorexia: lack of appetite
    • dysorexia: abnormal appetite
    • postprandial: pertaining to after a meal
    • bradypepsia: slow digestion
    • dyspepsia: abnormal and painful digestion
    • aphagia: lack of eating
    • dysphagia: abnormal eating
    • polyphagia: too much eating

    Eating Disorders

    • Anorexia: Morbid refusal to eat due to an intense fear of gaining weight.
    • Obesity: Excessive body weight due to overeating and/or lack of physical activity.
    • Bulimia: Eating large amounts of food in a short period of time, followed by purging to avoid weight gain.

    Stomach Disorders

    • Achlorhydria: Lack of hydrochloric acid in the stomach (HCI).
    • Flatulence: Accumulation of gas in the stomach or intestines.
    • Dyspepsia: Difficulty with digesting food.
    • Hematemesis: Vomiting blood from the stomach.
    • Gastritis: Stomach inflammation.
    • Hiatal hernia: Protrusion of the stomach through an opening in the diaphragm.
    • Gastroenteritis: Inflammation of the stomach and small intestine.

    Liver Disorders

    • Hepatomegaly: Enlarged liver.
    • Hepatitis: Contagious diseases of the liver.

    Intestine Disorders

    • Duodenal ulcers: A type of peptic ulcer thought to be caused by bacteria.
    • Ileus: Intenstinal blockage.
    • Colitis: General term for inflammation in the small intestine.
    • Appendicitis: Inflammation of the appendix.
    • Ulcerative colitis: A chronic type of irritable bowel disease.

    Gastrointestinal System Organs

    • Oral cavity: The beginning of the digestive tract, consisting of the mouth, teeth, tongue, and salivary glands.
    • Pharynx: Connects the oral cavity to the esophagus, responsible for swallowing.
    • Esophagus: A muscular tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach.
    • Stomach: A muscular organ that churns food and mixes it with gastric juices for digestion.
    • Small intestine: A long, coiled tube where most nutrient absorption takes place, divided into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
    • Colon: The final part of the digestive tract, responsible for water absorption and waste elimination.

    Digestive System Functions

    • Mechanical and chemical digestion of food: Breaking down food into smaller components through physical processes (chewing, churning) and chemical reactions (enzymes).
    • Absorption of nutrient molecules: Absorbing digested nutrients into the bloodstream for use by the body.
    • Elimination of solid wastes: Removal of undigested food waste from the body as feces.

    Digestive System Combining Forms

    • an/o: Refers to the anus.
    • append/o: Refers to the appendix.
    • bucc/o: Refers to the cheek.
    • cec/o: Refers to the cecum, the first part of the colon.
    • chol/e: Refers to bile or gall.
    • col/o: Refers to the colon.
    • dent/o: Refers to the tooth.
    • duoden/o: Refers to the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine.
    • enter/o: Refers to the small intestine.
    • esophag/o: Refers to the esophagus.
    • gastr/o: Refers to the stomach.
    • gingiv/o: Refers to the gums.
    • gloss/o: Refers to the tongue.
    • hepat/o: Refers to the liver.
    • ile/o: Refers to the ileum, the last part of the small intestine.

    Digestive System Suffixes

    • –emesis: Refers to vomiting.
    • –lithiasis: Refers to the formation of stones.
    • –orexia: Refers to appetite.
    • –pepsia: Refers to digestion.
    • –phagia: Refers to eating or swallowing.
    • –prandial: Refers to a meal.

    Eating Disorders

    • Anorexia: An eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and severe restriction of food intake, leading to dangerously low body weight.
    • Bulimia: An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by purging behaviors like self-induced vomiting or excessive exercise.
    • Obesity: A condition characterized by excessive body fat accumulation, often resulting from overeating and lack of physical activity.

    Disorders of the Stomach

    • Achlorhydria: A condition where the stomach lacks hydrochloric acid (HCl), which is important for protein digestion and killing harmful bacteria.
    • Dyspepsia: Indigestion, a symptom characterized by discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen, often associated with difficulty digesting food.
    • Flatulence: The accumulation of gas in the stomach or intestines, often caused by the breakdown of food by bacteria.
    • Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach lining, which can be caused by infection, alcohol abuse, or certain medications.
    • Hematemesis: Vomiting blood from the stomach, often a sign of serious conditions like peptic ulcers or esophageal varices.
    • Hiatal hernia: A condition where a portion of the stomach protrudes through an opening in the diaphragm, the muscular wall separating the chest and abdomen.
    • Gastroenteritis: Inflammation of both the stomach and small intestine, often caused by viral or bacterial infections.

    Liver Disorders

    • Hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver, caused by viruses, alcohol abuse, or certain medications.
    • Hepatomegaly: Enlargement of the liver, often a sign of underlying liver disease.

    Disorders of the Intestines

    • Appendicitis: Inflammation of the appendix, a small, finger-shaped pouch located on the side of the cecum.
    • Colitis: General term for inflammation of the colon.
    • Duodenal ulcers: Peptic ulcers that occur in the duodenum, often caused by infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria.
    • Ileus: An intestinal blockage, preventing the passage of food and waste through the intestines.
    • Ulcerative colitis: A chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the colon, causing ulcers and inflammation.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the organs and functions of the gastrointestinal tract. This quiz covers key aspects like mechanical and chemical digestion, nutrient absorption, and important combining forms and suffixes related to digestion. Perfect for students studying anatomy and physiology!

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