Unit 4 Chemistry of Life NOTES TEACHER COPY PDF

TEACHER COPY - 1 Unit 4 Chemistry of Life Name: ________________________________________________ 4.1 Elements of Life Date: October 28, 2024 Aims: SWBAT describe the order of matter explain the major elements of life Order of matter (“stuff”): ​ (2+ atoms) subatomi...

TEACHER COPY - 1 Unit 4 Chemistry of Life Name: ________________________________________________ 4.1 Elements of Life Date: October 28, 2024 Aims: SWBAT describe the order of matter explain the major elements of life Order of matter (“stuff”): ​ (2+ atoms) subatomic particle < _atom__ < molecule < __macromolecule_ < organelle < cell (smallest unit of an ____element___)​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (smallest unit of _life___) Elements of Life Of all the known elements, which ones are the major ones found in life forms? Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorous Sulfur​ ​ ​ ​  TEACHER COPY - 2 4.3 Carbohydrates Date: October 30, 2024 Aims: SWBAT describe the structure and function of carbohydrates Macromolecule Carbohydrates Foods that Bread, dessert, pasta contain them Structure: C H O (1:2:1 ratio) Elements Ex: C6H12O6 Structure: Name: monosaccharide Monomer (single unit) Image: Description: Carbon rings that can combine to form polysaccharides (the polymer) Types / Examples Monosaccharides: sugars like glucose and With their fructose- short-term energy Functions Polysaccharides: Starch - medium-term energy Cellulose (fiber) - in cell walls, structure Example Images  TEACHER COPY - 3 4.4 Lipids Date: October 31, 2024 Aims: SWBAT describe the structure and function of lipids -​ All are insoluble in water (don’t break apart) Lipids Foods that Oil, butter, meat (animal fats) contain them Structure: C H O, Different ratio, ex: C18H34O3 Elements Structure: Name: Fatty acids Monomer (single unit) Image: Description: Chains of C and H Types / Fats/Oils/Waxes- store energy, insulation, protection from drying out Examples With their Phospholipids– in cell membranes Functions Example Images  TEACHER COPY - 4 4.6 Proteins and Nucleic Acids Date: November 4, 2024 Aims: SWBAT describe the structure and function of proteins and nucleic acids Proteins Nucleic acids Foods that Meat, beans, dairy All food that has cells contain them Structure: C H O N (sometimes S) CHONP Elements Structure: Name: Amino acids Name: Nucleotides Monomer (single unit) Image: Image: Description: Has an R group that can Description: Has a nitrogen base that can be be one of 20 different things one of 4 different things Types / Hemoglobin- carries oxygen DNA - stores genetic info Examples Keratin- forms hair and nails With their Enzymes- speed up chemical RNA- transmits genetic info Functions reactions Antibodies - fight infection Example Images Which macromolecule group has the most diversity? Proteins! Because they have different structures (20 different amino acids, 4 different structural levels) which allow them to perform many different functions  TEACHER COPY - 5 4.10 Enzyme Function Date: November 12, 2024 Aims: SWBAT describe the purpose of enzymes and how they function Use the video questions (VQ’s) in Part 3 of the CW to complete the following: ​ Enzymes = proteins that speed up chemical reactions (VQ #1) ​ biological catalysts Reactions (rxns) – processes that change one set of chemicals into another (VQ #2) Reactants → products ​ Energy in Rxns ○​ (VQ #3) Energy to get a reaction started = __activation energy____ ○​ (VQ #4) Enzymes lower the amount of energy needed for the reaction to occur. ○​ (VQ #4) Since less energy is required, the reaction occurs at a faster rate. ​ Catalytic Cycle of an Enzyme  TEACHER COPY - 6 4.11 Enzyme Experiments Date: November 13, 2024 Aims: SWBAT describe how enzymes function in experiments with temperature and pH ​ ​ 1)​ Temperature ○​ If too cold ​ Reaction is slow ​ Molecules do not make contact as much ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ○​ If too hot… ​ Enzyme denatures -loses its shape, so can’t function -substrate can’t fit in active site 2)​ pH = measure of acidity -​ Very acidic or very basic denatures most enzymes​ This is the last page of the Unit 4 Notes– Make sure you have all 6 pages!