Unit 2A_ Cognition - Perception (student copy) PDF

Factors Influencing Perception Perception: Structuring & Understanding Reality  Unit Terminology (Cognition, Perception) ❏ Perception ❏ Convergence ❏ Bottom-up processing ❏ Monocular depth cues ❏ Top-down processing...

Factors Influencing Perception Perception: Structuring & Understanding Reality  Unit Terminology (Cognition, Perception) ❏ Perception ❏ Convergence ❏ Bottom-up processing ❏ Monocular depth cues ❏ Top-down processing ❏ Relative clarity ❏ Schema ❏ Relative size ❏ Perceptual set ❏ Texture gradient ❏ Gestalt psychology ❏ Linear perspective ❏ Closure ❏ Interposition ❏ Figure and ground ❏ Perceptual Constancies ❏ Proximity ❏ Apparent movement ❏ Similarity ❏ Attention ❏ Selective attention ❏ Cocktail party effect ❏ Inattentional blindness ❏ Change Blindness ❏ Binocular depth cues ❏ Retinal disparity Using the source provided, respond to all Science Practice: parts of the question in your warm-up: In a recent psychology research study, scientists investigated selective attention, a cognitive process (A) Using evidence from the where individuals focus their attention on specific stimuli while ignoring others. Participants were described study, identify any presented with a series of auditory and visual stimuli simultaneously, such as images and sounds, potential confounding variables and were instructed to selectively attend to one type of stimulus while ignoring the other. The that could influence researchers measured participants' accuracy and response times in detecting and responding to participants' performance, and target stimuli amidst the distractors. The study aimed to understand the mechanisms underlying explain how they might impact selective attention and how individuals filter out irrelevant information in complex environments. the results.  (A) Using evidence from the described study, identify any Using the source provided, respond to all potential confounding variables that could influence participants' parts of the question in your warm-up: performance, and explain how they might impact the results. In a recent psychology research study, scientists There may be confounding variables present in the investigated selective attention, a cognitive process study. For instance, individual differences in cognitive where individuals focus their attention on specific abilities, such as attentional control or sensory stimuli while ignoring others. Participants were processing, could significantly influence participants' presented with a series of auditory and visual performance in the task. Moreover, factors like stimuli simultaneously, such as images and sounds, fatigue, motivation, or distractions in the and were instructed to selectively attend to one environment could also exert an impact on type of stimulus while ignoring the other. The participants' attention and response times, researchers measured participants' accuracy and potentially confounding the results. Thus, it is imperative for researchers to thoroughly consider response times in detecting and responding to and control for these potential confounding variables target stimuli amidst the distractors. The study to ensure that any observed effects are genuinely aimed to understand the mechanisms underlying attributable to selective attention and not influenced selective attention and how individuals filter out by other extraneous factors. irrelevant information in complex environments.  ESDAY Explain the various factors, both from within our WEDN TH minds and from the environment, that affect OCT. 16 how we perceive the world around us ❒ As we start a n ew unit, continue to period → Science Practice ❒ Module 2.1b Textbook ically review your flash Reading (Myers 4th) cards → Factors Influencing from Units 0 and 1 Perception Lecture ❒ Bonus: Crash Course #7 → Textbook Reading Perception the process by which our brain organizes and interprets sensory information, transforming it into meaningful objects and events. It's a crucial step in cognition, allowing When you see a flower in the garden, your eyes capturing its light and us to understand and interact with the color represent sensation—the raw data collection. Perception occurs as your brain processes these signals to identify the world around us. flower as a rose, appreciating its aesthetic appeal. This moment where you recognize the rose and recall memories associated with it, perhaps roses you've exchanged with loved ones, showcases cognition. It's this cognitive process that enables you to connect current perceptions with past experiences, thoughts, and emotions, illustrating the seamless integration of perception and cognition in understanding and interacting with our world. Bottom-Up Processing "Details to Big Picture" is a way our brain makes sense of information by starting with the small details and then building up to a complete perception. When you're walking in a new neighborhood and come across a It's our cognitive system taking sensory building you've never seen before, you initially notice its distinct features—red bricks, large windows, and an arched doorway. As input and assembling it into something you take in these details, your brain starts to put them together, we can understand, without prior and you realize it's a school, not just from its architecture but also from the playground and a sign out front. This realization is knowledge or expectations influencing bottom-up processing at work: starting from individual sensory details and building up to a comprehensive understanding of what the process. you're seeing, all without previous knowledge about this specific location. Bottom-Up Processing "Details to Big Picture" is a way our brain makes sense of information by starting with the small details and then building up to a complete perception. When you're walking in a new neighborhood and come across a BU: Build Up from the details. building you've never seen before, you initially notice its distinct features—red bricks, large windows, and an arched doorway. As you take in these details, your brain starts to put them together, and you realize it's a school, not just from its architecture but also from the playground and a sign out front. This realization is bottom-up processing at work: starting from individual sensory details and building up to a comprehensive understanding of what you're seeing, all without previous knowledge about this specific location. Top-Down Processing "Big Picture to Details" involves interpreting sensory information based on the larger context, prior knowledge, and expectations. It's how our brain uses overarching While walking in a new neighborhood, you see a structure in the concepts and experiences to guide our distance. Before even noticing the details, you think, "That looks like a school," based on its overall shape and location in understanding of the details, shaping the neighborhood. As you get closer, your initial assumption helps perception from the general to the you quickly identify the red bricks, large windows, and an arched doorway as typical features of a school building, confirming your specific. guess. This is an example of top-down processing, where your previous knowledge and expectations about what a school looks like guide your perception, allowing you to identify the building as a school even before you've seen all the details up close. Top-Down Processing "Big Picture to Details" involves interpreting sensory information based on the larger context, prior knowledge, and expectations. TD: Think Down from the big picture. While walking in a new neighborhood, you see a structure in the distance. Before even noticing the details, you think, "That looks like a school," based on its overall shape and location in the neighborhood. As you get closer, your initial assumption helps you quickly identify the red bricks, large windows, and an arched doorway as typical features of a school building, confirming your guess. This is an example of top-down processing, where your previous knowledge and expectations about what a school looks like guide your perception, allowing you to identify the building as a school even before you've seen all the details up close.  Aoccdrnig to rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn’t mttaer in what oredr the ltteers in a word are, the olny iprmoetnt tihng is that the frist and lsat ltteer be at the rghit pclae. The rset can be a toatl mses and you can still raed it wouthit a porbelm. This is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the word as a wlohe. Selective Attention the process of focusing on a specific aspect of information while ignoring others. It allows us to prioritize sensory information that is most relevant to While studying in a busy coffee shop, you focus intently on your our current goals or tasks, playing a key textbook and the notes you're writing. Despite the background noise of conversations, the espresso machine, and role in how we perceive and interact background music, you're able to filter out these distractions and with our environment. concentrate solely on your study material. This ability to direct your focus to the task at hand, ignoring irrelevant stimuli, is an example of selective attention.You're selecting what to pay attention to (your studying) and simultaneously ignoring other sensory inputs (the bustling environment of the coffee shop). Cocktail Party Effect our ability to focus on a single conversation in a noisy environment, like a crowded party, while tuning out other stimuli. Our perception can be directed to At a crowded party, you're engaged in a conversation with a friend what we find most relevant or amidst the noise of music, laughter, and multiple other conversations. Suddenly, from across the room, you hear someone interesting. mention your name. Instantly, your attention shifts from your current conversation to where your name was mentioned. This ability to detect and focus on a specific stimulus (like your Specific example of selective attention name) in a noisy environment, even when you're not consciously listening for it, is known as the cocktail party effect. It in an auditory context demonstrates how selective attention can be drawn to personally significant information despite a multitude of distractions. Inattentional Blindness an individual fails to notice an unexpected stimulus in their visual field when their attention is focused on something else. It highlights the limits of our perceptual and cognitive processing, demonstrating that we During a basketball game, you're intensely tracking the movements of the player with the ball, trying to predict the next play. Because can miss significant information in our of your focused attention, you completely fail to notice a environment when we are not directly team mascot doing backflips on the sideline, even though it happens right in your field of vision. This phenomenon, where your paying attention to it. concentrated observation on the game makes you oblivious to the mascot's antics, is another instance of inattentional blindness.Your cognitive focus on one element of the environment causes you to overlook other significant, yet unrelated, actions happening simultaneously. Change Blindness the failure to notice large changes in one's environment when the change occurs simultaneously with a visual disruption. Illustrates the limits of our visual perception and attention, showing that our awareness While you're scrolling through your phone at the dinner table, someone replaces your glass of water with a glass of soda. of changes in our surroundings is often less It takes you several minutes to notice the switch, even though the acute than we might assume. glass is right in front of you. This oversight is an example of change blindness, demonstrating how changes in our immediate environment can go unnoticed when our attention is focused elsewhere, like on your phone, making us blind to alterations we might think would be obvious. 1. At a noisy party, Tom is able to focus on the conversation with his friend and ignore other conversations around him. This ability to focus on a specific auditory input while filtering out others is known as: (A) Selective Attention (B) Cocktail Party Effect (C) Top-Down Processing (D) Bottom-Up Processing 1. At a noisy party, Tom is able to focus on the conversation with his friend and ignore other conversations around him. This ability to focus on a specific auditory input while filtering out others is known as: (A) Selective Attention (B) Cocktail Party Effect (C) Top-Down Processing (D) Bottom-Up Processing 2. When assembling a complex piece of furniture, Emily starts by recognizing individual components like screws and wooden panels before understanding how they fit together to form the final product. This approach is best described as: (A) Bottom-Up Processing (B) Top-Down Processing (C) Selective Attention (D) Perception 2. When assembling a complex piece of furniture, Emily starts by recognizing individual components like screws and wooden panels before understanding how they fit together to form the final product. This approach is best described as: (A) Bottom-Up Processing (B) Top-Down Processing (C) Selective Attention (D) Perception 3. A detective arrives at a crime scene and immediately begins forming theories about what happened based on the pattern of evidence. This method of using pre-existing knowledge to organize individual features into a unified whole is called: (A) Bottom-Up Processing (B) Top-Down Processing (C) Selective Attention (D) Change Blindness 3. A detective arrives at a crime scene and immediately begins forming theories about what happened based on the pattern of evidence. This method of using pre-existing knowledge to organize individual features into a unified whole is called: (A) Bottom-Up Processing (B) Top-Down Processing (C) Selective Attention (D) Change Blindness 4. While reading an engaging novel at a café, Lisa fails to notice her friend waving at her from the entrance. This oversight can be attributed to: (A) Selective Attention (B) Cocktail Party Effect (C) Inattentional Blindness (D) Top-Down Processing 4. While reading an engaging novel at a café, Lisa fails to notice her friend waving at her from the entrance. This oversight can be attributed to: (A) Selective Attention (B) Cocktail Party Effect (C) Inattentional Blindness (D) Top-Down Processing 5. While working on a loud construction site, a worker is able to pinpoint the location of a malfunctioning machine despite numerous other sounds. This ability is best described as: (A) Selective Attention (B) The Cocktail Party Effect (C) Sound Localization (D) Top-Down Processing 5. While working on a loud construction site, a worker is able to pinpoint the location of a malfunctioning machine despite numerous other sounds. This ability is best described as: (A) Selective Attention (B) The Cocktail Party Effect (C) Sound Localization (D) Top-Down Processing Using the source provided, respond to all Science Practice: parts of the question in your warm-up: In a recent psychology research study, scientists investigated the effectiveness of structured (A) Identify the research interviews in assessing job candidates' problem-solving skills. Participants, who were job methods used in this applicants, underwent structured interviews where they were asked a series of predetermined questions designed to assess their problem-solving study. abilities. The researchers compared the performance of participants in the structured interviews to their scores on standardized problem-solving tests. The study aimed to determine whether structured interviews provide valid and reliable measures of problem-solving skills compared to traditional assessment methods. Using the source provided, respond to all (A) Identify the research methods used in parts of the question in your warm-up: this study. In a recent psychology research study, scientists The research method used in the study is investigated the effectiveness of structured an experimental method. This is interviews in assessing job candidates' problem-solving skills. Participants, who were job evident from the manipulation of the applicants, underwent structured interviews where independent variable (use of structured they were asked a series of predetermined interviews to assess problem-solving questions designed to assess their problem-solving skills) and the comparison of participants' abilities. The researchers compared the performance in the structured interviews performance of participants in the structured interviews to their scores on standardized to their scores on standardized problem-solving tests. The study aimed to problem-solving tests. determine whether structured interviews provide valid and reliable measures of problem-solving skills compared to traditional assessment methods.  DAY Explain how the visual system processes sensory THURS TH information to create accurate or inaccurate OCT. 17 interpretations of stimuli. ❒ → Science Practice ❒ Module 2.2a, Module 2.2b Textbook Reading → Perception: Structuring (Myers 4th) and Understanding Reality Lecture →Depth Perception Scavenger Hunt Schemas mental frameworks that help us organize and interpret information in the world around us. They influence perception by shaping our expectations and guiding our When you go to a restaurant and sit down at the table, you attention. automatically reach for the menu, place your napkin on your lap, and know to wait for a server to take your order. This set of actions is guided by your restaurant schema, a mental structure formed from past experiences that tells you how to behave in a dining establishment.Your schema includes expectations about the sequence of ordering, eating, and paying, enabling you to navigate the situation comfortably even if it's a restaurant you've never visited before. Perceptual Set a tendency to perceive or notice some aspects of the available sensory data and ignore others. It's influenced by our expectations, experiences, and context, shaping our perception by predisposing us to see what You're hiking through a forest at dusk, and out of the corner of your eye, you spot what appears to be a snake on the path ahead.You jump we expect to see. back, startled. Upon closer inspection, you realize it's just a twisted branch. This initial mistaken perception is an example of perceptual set, where your expectations (perhaps a fear of snakes or the anticipation of encountering them in a forest setting) and the context (dim light, forest surroundings) lead you to perceive the branch as a snake. Your mindset, influenced by previous knowledge and current context, predisposes you to see what you expect rather than what is actually there. Gestalt Psychology we perceive whole objects or figures (gestalts) rather than just a collection of parts. It suggests that our brains are wired to see structure, pattern, and organization in the While looking at a painting, you instantly recognize the image of a world, guiding how we interpret sensory face even though, on closer inspection, the face is made up of information and experience perception. various fruits and vegetables cleverly arranged and painted. This immediate perception of a face, rather than just a collection of fruits and vegetables, illustrates a principle of Gestalt psychology—namely, that our minds are inclined to organize individual, unrelated elements into a coherent whole. This tendency to perceive a unified shape or form (in this case, a face) from the arrangement demonstrates the Gestalt principle that "the whole is different from the sum of its parts. Figure-Ground refers to the ability to distinguish an object (figure) from its surroundings (ground). It involves the brain's organization of sensory information, highlighting important stimuli while filtering out irrelevant Searching for your keys on a cluttered desk. The background details. keys represent the "figure," while the desk clutter serves as the "ground." Your ability to visually isolate the keys from the background clutter demonstrates figure-ground perception, helping you locate the keys more efficiently. Binocular Depth Cues visual information that requires both eyes to perceive depth and distance These cues help us perceive the world in three dimensions. Binocular Depth Cues rely on the fact that our two eyes are spaced apart, which means each eye views the world from a slightly different angle. This difference in angles provides our brains with two distinct images. The process of combining these two images to perceive depth and distance is known as stereopsis Retinal Disparity when each eye sees a slightly different picture because of their separate positions on our face. Our brain uses these differences to figure out how far away things are, Imagine you're holding a finger up in front of your face and then helping us see the world in 3D. alternately closing one eye and then the other. As you do this, you'll notice that your finger appears to jump from side to side against the background. This effect is due to retinal disparity: each of your eyes is viewing your finger from a slightly different angle because of the distance between them.Your brain uses the differences between these two views to gauge depth, allowing you to perceive how far away your finger is. This binocular depth cue is crucial for depth perception, enabling you to see the world in three dimensions. Convergence when our eyes move inward toward each other to focus on a close object. This eye movement helps us understand how near something is, Imagine you're sitting at your desk and you pick up a pencil to aiding in our perception of depth. examine it closely. As you bring the pencil closer to your nose, you'll notice your eyes naturally move inward, toward each other, to maintain focus on the pencil. This inward turning of the eyes is known as convergence. The closer the object gets to your face, the more your eyes converge to keep the object in clear focus. This eye movement is a binocular depth cue that helps your brain understand the pencil is very close. The degree of convergence gives your brain vital information about the distance of the pencil from your eyes, allowing for accurate depth perception. Monocular Depth Cues visual indicators of distance and space that can be perceived using just one eye. Monocular Cues help us understand how far away things are (depth). Monocular depth cues are critical for perceiving depth and distance using just one eye. These cues are available from the visual information in a single eye, making them essential not only for those relying on one eye but also for adding depth perception in situations where binocular cues are less effective. Relative Clarity a depth cue where objects that are clearer and more detailed are perceived as closer, while objects that are hazier or less clear seem farther away. This helps us gauge distance and depth When you're looking at a landscape, the trees and objects close to in what we see. you appear sharp and detailed, while mountains or buildings in the distance seem hazy and less distinct. This difference in clarity helps your brain judge the distance of various elements in the scene. Closer objects are seen with more detail because there are fewer particles in the air between you and them to scatter light. This phenomenon, known as relative clarity, is a depth cue that our visual system uses to perceive depth, allowing us to differentiate between near and far objects in our environment. Relative Size a visual cue where objects closer to us appear larger, while objects further away appear smaller. Our brain uses this difference in size to help determine the distance between When you're standing at the end of a long hallway, the people objects and how far away they are from walking near you appear larger than those walking at the other end, even though you know all the people are roughly the us. same size. This difference in size is used by your brain to interpret the people farther away as being smaller due to their distance from you. This visual information, known as relative size, helps your brain calculate how far away people are based on the size of their image on your retina, aiding in depth perception and the understanding of space. Texture Gradient the way we perceive texture to become denser and finer as it recedes into the distance. This cue helps us understand depth, as closer objects have clearer, more When you're walking along a straight, gravel path, you'll notice the distinguishable textures, while further gravel near your feet appears rough and detailed, with each stone clearly distinguishable. As you look further down the path, the objects appear smoother and less gravel begins to look smoother and more uniform, blending detailed. together so you can't make out individual stones. This change in texture, from coarse and distinct to fine and blended, as distance increases, is an example of the texture gradient. This visual cue helps you perceive the path's three-dimensional quality and depth, indicating how the path extends and recedes into the distance. Linear Perspective a depth cue where parallel lines appear to converge as they recede into the distance. This visual phenomenon helps our brain perceive depth, allowing us to Standing on a straight, empty road that stretches into the distance, judge how far away objects are based you observe how the parallel edges of the road seem to gradually come closer together until they meet at a point on the horizon, on how the lines come together. even though you know the road remains the same width. This phenomenon, where the parallel lines of the road appear to converge as they get farther away, is an example of linear perspective. It's a monocular depth cue that helps your brain interpret the road's length and depth, enhancing your perception of distance in a three-dimensional space. Interposition occurs when one object overlaps another, leading us to perceive the overlapping object as closer. This simple visual cue helps us understand the arrangement of objects Imagine you're looking at a fruit bowl on a table. An apple in space, contributing to our depth partially covers an orange behind it, so you can only see part perception. of the orange. This scenario, where the apple blocks your view of the full orange, demonstrates interposition. It visually indicates that the apple is closer to you than the orange, helping your brain understand the spatial arrangement of the fruits in the bowl based on which objects obscure others from view. Perceptual Constancies our brain's ability to see objects as unchanging, even when the image on our retina (like size, shape, or color) changes. This helps us recognize objects under When you're at the beach, watching a friend walk away from you different conditions, maintaining a towards the water, you notice that their size appears to get smaller as they get farther away. Despite this visual shrinkage, you don't stable perception of the world. actually believe your friend is physically becoming smaller; you understand they are the same size as when they were standing next to you. This perception, where your brain corrects for distance to maintain a consistent sense of the size of objects (or people), is an example of size constancy. It demonstrates how perceptual constancies allow us to perceive the world in a stable and consistent way, regardless of changes in our visual field. Shape Constancy our ability to perceive an object as having the same shape, even when our angle of view or the distance from which we see the object changes. This helps us recognize objects As you walk around a parked car, observing it from different angles, the regardless of the perspective from shape of the car appears to change. From the side, the car looks long and narrow, but from the front or back, it appears shorter and wider. which we view them. Despite these changes in the car's appearance due to your changing viewpoint, you never doubt that the car's actual shape remains constant; it doesn't physically alter as you move around it. This ability to perceive the car as having a stable shape, regardless of your perspective, is an example of shape constancy. It's a fundamental aspect of perception that helps us recognize objects as being the same in shape, even when our viewpoint of them changes. Size Constancy our perception that an object remains the same size, even when its distance from us changes, causing the image on our retina to grow or shrink. This allows us to accurately judge the When you're watching a plane fly overhead, it appears small size of objects regardless of changes in enough to fit between your thumb and index finger when you hold them up to the sky. However, you know the plane is actually much their apparent size due to distance. larger than it appears from your vantage point on the ground. This phenomenon, where your perception of the plane's size remains constant despite the dramatic difference in its apparent size due to distance, is an example of size constancy. Your understanding of the plane's true size doesn't change, illustrating how size constancy allows us to maintain a consistent perception of an object's size, regardless of how far away it is. Color Constancy ability to perceive colors of objects as stable under varying lighting conditions. This means that even when the lighting changes, we still see the object as On a bright, sunny day, you take a photograph of a vibrant red flower in having the same color, helping us your garden. Later in the evening, under the dim light of your living room, you look at the photo on your phone. Despite the change in lighting identify and differentiate objects in our conditions from when you viewed the flower outside to looking at its photo indoors, the flower appears to be the same shade of environment consistently red. This consistency in perceiving the color of the flower, regardless of the lighting at the time of viewing, is an example of color constancy. It demonstrates how our visual system compensates for changes in light to maintain the perceived color of objects, ensuring that we see them as having stable colors across different environments. Apparent Movement the perception of motion when there isn't any actual movement. It's how we see still images, like in animations or movies, as moving. This When you're watching a movie, what you're actually seeing is a occurs when our brain fills in the gaps, series of still images flashed quickly on a screen. Despite this, you perceive smooth, continuous motion. This illusion, known creating the illusion of motion from a as apparent movement, tricks your brain into seeing movement series of still images. where there is none, based solely on the rapid succession of static frames. This principle underlies not just movies but also animation and digital billboards, showcasing how our perception can be manipulated to create the experience of motion from still images. 1. An artist paints a road that narrows in the distance to give the impression of depth on a flat canvas. This technique utilizes which depth cue? (A) Linear Perspective (B) Retinal Disparity (C) Convergence (D) Relative Clarity 1. An artist paints a road that narrows in the distance to give the impression of depth on a flat canvas. This technique utilizes which depth cue? (A) Linear Perspective (B) Retinal Disparity (C) Convergence (D) Relative Clarity 2. Two pencils are placed side by side, one behind the other, with the front one partially covering the view of the back one. This setup demonstrates which depth cue? (A) Linear Perspective (B) Relative Size (C) Texture Gradient (D) Interposition 2. Two pencils are placed side by side, one behind the other, with the front one partially covering the view of the back one. This setup demonstrates which depth cue? (A) Linear Perspective (B) Relative Size (C) Texture Gradient (D) Interposition 3. A child recognizes their small, classroom globe as spherical just like the large earth, despite its much smaller size. This recognition is due to: (A) Shape Constancy (B) Size Constancy (C) Color Constancy (D) Perceptual Set 3. A child recognizes their small, classroom globe as spherical just like the large earth, despite its much smaller size. This recognition is due to: (A) Shape Constancy (B) Size Constancy (C) Color Constancy (D) Perceptual Set 4. After rearranging his room, Tom notices that his white walls look slightly blue in the evening under his new LED lights, yet he still perceives them as white. This perception is an example of: (A) Shape Constancy (B) Size Constancy (C) Color Constancy (D) Linear Perspective 4. After rearranging his room, Tom notices that his white walls look slightly blue in the evening under his new LED lights, yet he still perceives them as white. This perception is an example of: (A) Shape Constancy (B) Size Constancy (C) Color Constancy (D) Linear Perspective 5. While watching a film, viewers perceive that the high-speed car chase is happening in real-time and moving smoothly across the screen. This perception of fluid motion from a series of still images is known as: (A) Apparent Movement (B) Gestalt Psychology (C) Figure-Ground Organization (D) Retinal Disparity 5. While watching a film, viewers perceive that the high-speed car chase is happening in real-time and moving smoothly across the screen. This perception of fluid motion from a series of still images is known as: (A) Apparent Movement (B) Gestalt Psychology (C) Figure-Ground Organization (D) Retinal Disparity Depth Perception Scavenger Hunt This hands-on activity is designed to take you outside the classroom (either literally or metaphorically) to discover the fascinating ways our visual system interprets depth cues. Objective: Your mission is to find and document real-life examples of depth cues in your environment.