Unit 1.1. IEIA5 ICT Introduction PDF

Unit 1: Introduction to IC Technologies, Hardware, Software and Computer Memories, MS Office and Imaging Design IEIA 5: Introduction to ICT Specializations I Second Semester, AY 2024-2025 Renz Domenic A. Aranjuez, LPT Lecturer 1. How many times have you checked your phone? 2. How many t...

Unit 1: Introduction to IC Technologies, Hardware, Software and Computer Memories, MS Office and Imaging Design IEIA 5: Introduction to ICT Specializations I Second Semester, AY 2024-2025 Renz Domenic A. Aranjuez, LPT Lecturer 1. How many times have you checked your phone? 2. How many times have you posted in Facebook or any Social Media accounts today?  3. Did you use Internet for an hour after you woke up in this morning? 4. Do you follow/subscribe a celebrity via his/her social media account?  If you happen to be “guilty as charged” in most of these questions, chances are, you are a digital native. And chances are, from the moment you were born, you were surrounded by technology. You are surrounded by ICT.  “Love makes the world go round” Relate the catch phrase above by answering the question below: “What was it like BEFORE and AFTER ICT was introduced?”  ICT Stands for Information and Communication Technology. Deals with the use of different communication technologies such as mobile phones, telephone, internet to locate, save, send and edit information.  ICT ICT in education deals with the use of ICTs within educational technology. Diverse set of technological tools and resources used to communicate, and to create, disseminate, store, and manage information  ICT ICT in education deals with the use of ICTs within educational technology. Diverse set of technological tools and resources used to communicate, and to create, disseminate, store, and manage information ICT “The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn and relearn” - Alvin Toffler American writer and futurist History and Development of ICT  History and Development of ICT The beginning of ICT can be traced back when humans started to use objects to communicate with one another.  FOUR main periods in history that divide the era of ICT Pre-mechanical Period The pre-mechanical period can be traced back thousands of years ago where humans started communicating with one another using words and pictograms curved in rocks.  Pre-mechanical Period Humans started to write symbols as substitutes for pictures to depict ideas, objects and animals.  Pre-mechanical Period Time passed and early humans soon realized that stone tablets are too heavy and bulky. Pre-mechanical Period When paper was finally produced from the papyrus plant, storing of information was revolutionized.  Pre-mechanical Period The first paper-like plant-based writing sheet was papyrus in Egypt, but the first true papermaking process was documented in China during the Eastern Han period (25–220 AD), traditionally attributed to the court official Cai Lun.  Pre-mechanical Period In the 6th century, a Buddhist monk Dam Jing brought the secrets of papermaking to Japan.  Pre-mechanical Period In the Arab rule of 751 CE, two Chinese papermakers were captured in Samarkand in Sogdiana (Uzbekistan today) and helped establish a paper mill in the city.  Pre-mechanical Period Humans continued to write information that can be organized in some manner and kept as a permanent record. Pre-mechanical Period In the late stages of this period, humans started using the numerical system.  Pre-mechanical Period Abacus is considered to be the first counting device, was introduced in Sumeria around 2700 to 2300 B.C.E The oldest known example of an abacus is the Salamis Tablet from Greece.  Mechanical Period It serve as the bridge between our current period and the pre- mechanical period. It started around 1450- 1840. In this period, machines driven by mechanical means such as steam and gears dominated information processing and  Mechanical Period The highlight of this period is the advent of the mechanical calculator called Pascaline. The first calculating machine, known as the Pascaline, was built in 1642 by the French physicist Blaise Pascal when he was 19 years old.  Mechanical Period The analytical engine features such as the arithmetic logic unit, control flow and integrated memory. The Analytical Engine was a mechanical device designed by Charles Babbage in the 19th century to perform mathematical calculations. It was a precursor to modern computers and is considered the first general-purpose computer. Mechanical Period Charles Babbage is considered the father of the computer, because he designed the original programmable computer, although it was never actually built.  Electromechanical Period The electromechanical period was a time in history from around 1840 to 1940 when electricity was used to transmit and handle information. This period marked the beginning of telecommunication and the development of several important technologies  Electromechanical Period Telegraph is considered the first electrical communications device. It was the first device to use electricity to transmit information over an electrical media. Electromechanical Period New York University professor Samuel Morse began working on his version of the telegraph in 1832; he developed Morse Code (a set of sounds that corresponded to particular letters of the alphabet), in 1835; and by 1838 he had presented his concept to the U.S. Congress. Electromechanical Period  Electromechanical Period In World War II, Morse Code was used to send important messages. Battleships and war planes could communicate over long distances and pass on information back to mainland Britain. When the war in Europe ended on 8th May 1945, people all around the country celebrated with special Victory in Europe street parties. Electromechanical Period The bombe was an electro- mechanical device used by British cryptologists to help decipher German Enigma- machine-encrypted secret messages during World War II. Alan Turing and Gordon Welchman invented the bombe. Electromechanical Period Alexander Graham Bell is credited with being the inventor of the telephone since his patent and demonstrations for an apparatus designed for “transmitting vocal or other sounds telegraphically… causing electrical undulations” were successful. Electronic Period The foundation of electronics began in the 19th century with breakthroughs in electromagnetism by pioneers like Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell. Their discoveries of electromagnetic induction and the behavior of electric fields set the stage for future developments in electronic devices.  Electronic Period The introduction of key inventions such as the diode and amplifier in the early 20th century enabled control and modulation of electrical signals. These innovations laid the groundwork for modern electronic devices, impacting various fields from telecommunications to sound engineering.  Electronic Period Electronics revolutionized communication with the development of wireless technology, facilitating instant connectivity. The transition from wired telegraphy to radio technology represented a pivotal change that transformed personal and commercial communications worldwide.  Development of Vacuum Tubes Vacuum tubes, invented in the early 20th century, were essential for controlling electric current flow. Used extensively in early radios and computers, vacuum tubes paved the way for the development of complex electronic circuits, before being replaced by transistors in the late 1950s.  Transistor Evolution The transistor, invented in 1947 by John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley, replaced vacuum tubes, leading to significant advancements in electronic circuitry. Its ability to amplify and switch electronic signals revolutionized electronic design and paved the way for modern computers.  Miniaturization of Components The transistor's compact size allowed for the miniaturization of electronic components, facilitating the creation of smaller devices. This shift not only led to more efficient energy consumption but also expanded the potential for portable technology, ultimately changing consumer electronics.  Introduction of Integrated Circuits In the 1960s, integrated circuits (ICs) emerged, embedding multiple transistors on a single semiconductor chip. This advancement reduced costs and enhanced performance drastically, enabling the development of complex systems on a micro-scale, foundational for modern electronics. Impact on Computing In the 1960s, integrated circuits (ICs) emerged, embedding multiple transistors on a single semiconductor chip. This advancement reduced costs and enhanced performance drastically, enabling the development of complex systems on a micro-scale, foundational for modern electronics.  Impact on Computing Pier Giorgio Perotto invented the Olivetti Programma 101, is one of the first "all in one" commercial desktop programmable calculators. can calculate the four basic arithmetic functions (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division), plus square root, absolute value, and fractional part. It is equipped with memory registers with features such as clear, transfer, and exchange, plus printing and halt for input.  Emergence of Personal Computers The introduction of personal computers in the late 1970s revolutionized computing. Key players like Apple and IBM made computers accessible, enabling individual users to engage with technology, significantly increasing productivity and creativity in various fields.  Emergence of Personal Computers The first IBM personal computer was created by a team of engineers and designers at International Business Machines (IBM), directed by William C. Lowe and Philip Don Estridge in Boca Raton, Florida.  Emergence of Personal Computers Philip Donald Estridge, known as Don Estridge, led development of the original IBM Personal Computer, and thus is known as “father of the IBM PC”.  Emergence of Personal Computers The first Apple computer was the Apple-1, a personal computer released in 1976. It was designed by Steve Wozniak and sold by the Apple Computer Company, which was founded by Wozniak, Steve Jobs, and Ronald Wayne.  Emergence of Personal Computers The first Apple-1 product designed by Steve Wozniak. Emergence of Personal Computers The Altair 8800 is considered the first personal computer. It was released in 1975, before the Apple I in 1976 and the Apple II in 1977.  Emergence of Personal Computers Introduced in 1984, the Apple Macintosh was the first commercially successful personal computer with a graphical user interface and a mouse. The Internet Revolution The internet emerged as a global communication network in the 1990s, connecting millions of users. This era witnessed the rise of websites, email, and e- commerce, fundamentally transforming how information is shared and commerce is conducted.  Mobile Technology Developments The late 2000s marked significant advancements in mobile technology with the introduction of smartphones. These devices integrated communication, internet access, and applications, altering daily life and how individuals interact with the digital world.  Influence on Society The Digital Era has significantly influenced social interactions, professional environments, and information dissemination. The rise of social media platforms has transformed communication, enabling global connectivity and shaping public opinion.  ICT in the Philippines Philippines as the “ICT HUB of ASIA”. Huge growth of ICT-related jobs around the country (Call Centers or BPO centers). According to Statista's Key Market Indicators (KMI), the number of smartphone users in the Philippines was forecast to increase between 2024 and 2029 by in total 5.6 million users (+7.29 percent). This overall increase does not happen continuously, notably not in 2026, 2027, 2028 and 2029. ICT in the Philippines 19.3 % industry shares of the total employment population here in the Philippines (Annual Survey of the Philippine Business and Industries, NSO in The2010). “Selfiest Cities Around the World” of 2014 places three cities from the Philippines. ICT in the Philippines In a Time Magazine study, Makati City was named the selfie capital of the world, with 258 selfies taken per 100,000 people in just seven days. Pasig City is also considered one of the world's selfie capitals Cebu City is ranked ninth in the world for selfies. ICT in the Philippines Quezon City is the Philippines' ICT capital and has the most BPO workers in the National Capital Region, comprising 135 BPO establishments and 75 tax-paying BPO firms. ICT in the Philippines Benjie Tan, who was working for ComNet established Philippines' first connection to the Internet at a PLDT network center in Makati City in 1994.  ICT in the Philippines ICT has made a profound impact on the Philippines in recent years. It has helped to improve access to education, healthcare, and government services. It has also boosted economic growth and created new jobs. In 2022, the ICT sector contributed 7.5 percent to the country's gross domestic product (GDP).  ICT in the Philippines When the internet was fully commercialized in 1995, it has tremendously impacted culture and commerce, including the rise of near instant communication by email, instant messaging, telephony (Voice over Internet Protocol or VoIP), two-way interactive video calls, and the World Wide Web with its discussion forums, blogs, social networking, and online shopping sites.  Internet Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices.  WWW The World Wide Web is an information system on the Internet that allows documents to be connected to other documents by hypertext links, enabling the user to search for information by moving from one document to another.  WWW It was invented by Tim-Berners Lee. The World Wide Web browser software, such as Microsoft's Internet Explorer/Edge, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Apple's Safari, and Google Chrome, let users navigate from one web page to another via the hyperlinks embedded in the documents.  WWW These documents may also contain any combination of computer data, including graphics, sounds, text, video, multimedia and interactive content that runs while the user is interacting with the page.  WWW The Web has enabled individuals and organizations to publish ideas and information to a potentially large audience online at greatly reduced expense and time delay. Types of Web pages Web 1.0 or The Web. It is the first stage of the World Wide Web evolution. It is a flat or stationary page since it cannot be manipulated by the user. Types of Web pages Web 2.0 or The Social Web. It allows users to interact with the page, the user may be able to comment or create a user account. Most website that we visit today are Web 2.0. Types of Web pages Web 3.0 or Semantic Web. The semantic web provides a framework that allows data to be shared and reuse to deliver web content specifically targeting the user. Search Engine will learn about you and your habits from each search you perform and will gather details about you from your previous activities like likes and social postings and present the answers as per your preferences.  Comparison of Web pages Criteria Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 Communicati Engaged/ Broadcast Interactive on Invested Static/ Read- Portable & Information Dynamic only Personal Focus Organization Community Individual Content Ownership Sharing Immersion Web Smart Interaction Web Forms Application Applications  Comparison of Web pages Criteria Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 3.0 Context/ Search Directories Tags/ Keywords Relevance User Metrics Page Views Cost per Click Engagement Advertising Banners Interactive Behavioral Hypertext Forms Data Format/ Markup Flash/ Java/ Resource Language extensible Description Technologies Framework/ Web (HTML) / File markup Transfer Protocol language (XML) Ontology Language (OWL) (FTP)  Features of Web 2.0 Features Description Allows users to collectively classify and find information FOLKSONOM using freely chosen keywords Y (e.g. "tagging" by Facebook). Tagging uses the pound sign #, often referred to as hashtag. Dynamic content that is responsive to user input (e.g., a RICH USER user can "click" on an image to EXPERIENCE enlarge it or find out more  Features of Web 2.0 Features Description The owner of website is not the only one who is able to put USER content. Others are able to PARTICIPATI place a content on their own by ON means of comments, reviews, and evaluation. SOFTWARE Users will subscribe to a AS A software only when needed SERVICE rather than purchasing them.  Features of Web 2.0 Features Description Services that are offered on demand rather than on a one- time purchase. This is synonymous to subscribing to a LONG TAIL data plan that charges you for the amount of time you spent in the Internet, or a data plan that charges you for the amount of bandwidth you used.  Problems of Web 3.0 Traits Description The user’s security is also in SECURITY question since the machine is saving his or preference. HTML files and current web COMPATIBILI browsers could not support Web TY 3.0  Problems of Web 3.0 Traits Description The World Wide Web already VASTNESS contains billions of web pages. Certain words are imprecise. VAGUENES The words “old” and “small” S would depend on the user.  Problems of Web 3.0 Traits Description Since machines use logic, there are certain limitations for a LOGIC computer to be able to predict what the user is referring to at a given time.