Chapter 1 Introduction to Information Communications and Technology (ICT).pdf

Introduction to Information Communications Technology (ICT) Prepared by: Mr. Frederick Fuentes, LPT  Information Communications Table of Contents 01 Technology (ICT) An Overview Information Technology (IT) vs 02 Information Communications Technology 0...

Introduction to Information Communications Technology (ICT) Prepared by: Mr. Frederick Fuentes, LPT  Information Communications Table of Contents 01 Technology (ICT) An Overview Information Technology (IT) vs 02 Information Communications Technology 03 Evolution of Technology 04 History of Computer 05 Components of Computer Table of Contents 06 Why Computers are Powerful 07 Classifying Computers Digital Age, Information 08 Age, and Computer Age 09 Media in the Digital Age  Table of Contents 10 Evolution of Media 11 Overview of Current Trends Impact of ICT in 12 Individuals, Organizations, and Society 13 Ethical Issues in ICT Key Terms  01 Information and Communications Technology (ICT): An Overview Information and Communications Technology (ICT) A broad term that encompasses the technology used for processing, storing, transmitting and retrieving information ✓ Education Sector ✓ Communication Sector ✓ Entertainment Sector ✓ Business Sector ✓ Societal Impact Sectors of the Contemporary World Education Sector Communication Sector Entertainment Sector Online platforms the internet streaming services Digital Learning social media platforms online gaming platforms Virtual Classrooms instant messaging digital content creation applications Business Sector Societal Impact E-commerce change the way we work, communicate, learn and access information facilitated the sharing of knowledge and ideas fostering global connectivity and cultural exchange  02 Information Technology (IT) vs Information and Communications Technology (ICT)  IT vs ICT IT ICT encompasses a broader range the management and use of of technologies and applications technology to process, store, that enable communication, transmit and retrieve information processing, and information data management focuses on the hardware, includes not only the hardware software, and infrastructure and software components but required to manage and support also the communication data and information systems technologies that facilitate the exchange of information IT vs ICT IT vs ICT  IT vs ICT SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES 1. IT focuses primarily on managing and 1. Both IT and ICT involves the use of using technology for information technology for information processing and storage. processing, storage, and retrieval 2. ICT encompasses a broader range of technologies, including communication technologies to facilitate information 2. Both rely on hardware, software, exchange and collaboration. networks, and databases to function 3. IT is more hardware and software- effectively. centric, while ICT incorporates communication networks and 3. Both play crucial role in various applications. industries, education, healthcare, 4. IT professionals specialized in managing computer systems, software, and and business operations. networks, while ICT professionals have a broader scope, including communication and information exchange.  03 Evolution of Technology  Evolution of Technology telephone fire mechanical clock radio stone tools printing press television wheel compass computers Industrial Inform Prehistoric Ancient Medieval Revolution Age writing system steamed engine irrigation system textile machinery mathematics telegraph  Modern Era Smartphones – the advent of smartphones can be attributed to multiple inventors and companies, including Steve Jobs and Apple’s iPhone Artificial Intelligence – various scientists and researchers have contributed to the development of artificial intelligence, including Alan Turing, John McCarthy, and Geoffrey Hinton. Internet of Things (IoT) – the concept of the IoT has evolved through the work of numerous researchers and innovators in the field of connected devices and sensors.  04 History of Computer  History of Computers 01 02 Abacus (3000 BCE) Antikythera Mechanism (150 – 100 BCE) The abacus, an ancient counting device, is one of the earliest known The Antikythera Mechanism, tools used for mathematical discovered in a shipwreck, is an calculations. ancient analog computer believed to have been used for astronomical calculations.  History of Computers 03 04 Mechanical Calculators Charles Babbage’s Analytical (17th Century) Engine (1837) Inventors such as Blaise Pascal and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz developed Charles Babbage mechanical calculators capable of conceptualized the performing arithmetic calculations. Analytical Engine, a mechanical general- purpose computer that laid the foundation for modern computers.  History of Computers 05 06 Tabulating Machines Ada Lovelace’s Contributions (late 19th Century) (1843) Herman Hollerith developed tabulating Ada Lovelace, a mathematician, machines that used wrote the first algorithm intended for punched cards to process implementation on Babbage’s and analyze data, laying Analytical Engine, making her the the groundwork for world’s first computer programmer. modern data processing and the birth of IBM.  History of Computers 07 08 ENIAC (1946) Vacuum Tubes (1904) Lee De Forest’s invention of the vacuum tube enabled the amplification and control of electrical signals, leading to the development of electronic The Electronic Numerical Integrator and computers. Computer (ENIAC) was one of the earliest general-purpose electronic computers, designed to perform complex calculations for scientific and military purposes.  History of Computers 09 10 Integrated Circuits Transistor (1947) (1960s) The invention of the transistor The development of integrated by John Bardeen, Walter circuits, or microchips, by Jack Brattain, and William Shockley Kilby and Robert Noyce allowed revolutionized computer for the miniaturization of technology by replacing bulky electronic components, leading to vacuum tubes with smaller, the creation of smaller and more more reliable components. powerful computers.  History of Computers 11 12 Graphical User Interface Personal Computers (1970s) (1980s) The development of graphical user interfaces (GUIs), popularized by the The introduction of personal Apple Macintosh and later Microsoft computers, such as the Altair Windows, made computers more 8800 and the Apple II, brought user-friendly and accessible. computing power to individuals and paved the way for the computer revolution.  History of Computers 13 14 Mobile Computing World Wide Web (1990) (2000s) The proliferation of smartphones and tablets Tim Berners-Lee’s invention of brought computing power and communicate, the World Wide Web work, and access information. revolutionized the way information is accessed and shared, leading to the rapid growth of the internet and e- commerce.  05 Components of a Computer  Four Key Components of a Computer System 01 02 INPUT DEVICES OUTPUT DEVICES Input devices are essential for Output Devices present the interacting with the computer processed information from and providing data and the computer to the user in a instructions readable or audible format 03 04 SYSTEM UNIT STORAGE DEVICES System Unit is the main Storage Devices store data, body of the computer that programs, and files on the houses critical components computer for both short- responsible for processing term and long-term use. data and executing tasks.  INPUT DEVICES Keyboard Used for typing text and entering command. Standard Keyboard Gaming Keyboard Mechanical Keyboard Membrane Keyboard Compact Keyboard Ergonomic Keyboard Wireless Keyboard  INPUT DEVICES Mouse Enable cursor movement and selection on the screen. Wired Mouse Wireless Mouse Gaming Mouse Trackball Mouse Vertical Mouse Air Mouse Touchpad Mouse  INPUT DEVICES Touchscreens Allow users to input commands by touching the display Resistive Capacitive Infrared Touchscreen Optical Touchscreen Touchscreen Touchscreen Projected Capacitive SAW Touchscreen Surface Capacitive Touchscreen Touchscreen  INPUT DEVICES Scanner Convert physical documents into digital format Flatbed Scanner Sheet-Fed Scanner Portable Scanner Photo Scanner Document Scanner Handheld Scanner Drum Scanner  INPUT DEVICES Microphone Capture audio input for voice commands or recordings USB Microphone Condenser Dynamic Microphone Lavalier Microphone Microphone (Lapel Mic) Shotgun Headset Microphone Boundary Microphone Microphone  OUTPUT DEVICES Monitor Display visual output such as text, graphics, and videos. LCD Monitor LED Monitor OLED Monitor Curved Monitor 4K Monitor Gaming Monitor Touchscreen Monitor  OUTPUT DEVICES Printer Produce hard copies of documents and images Inkjet Printer Laser Printer Multifunction Printer Photo Printer Dot Matrix Printer 3D Printer Label Printer  OUTPUT DEVICES Speakers Output sound for audio playback and alerts Bookshelf Speaker Tower Speaker Soundbar Subwoofer Portable Bluetooth Outdoor Speaker Gaming Speaker Speaker  OUTPUT DEVICES Projector Display images or presentations on a larger screen LCD Projector DLP Projector LED Projector Laser Projector Short Throw 4K Projector Wireless Projector Projector  SYSTEM UNIT Motherboard The main circuit board that connects and controls all internal components ATX Mirco-ATX Mini ITX E-ATX ITX BTX Dell Property  SYSTEM UNIT Central Processing Unit (CPU) The brain of the computer that executes instructions and performs calculations Desktop CPU Mobile CPU Server CPU Embedded CPU Gaming CPU Workstation CPU  SYSTEM UNIT Random Access Memory (RAM) Temporary storage for data and program instructions while the computer is running. DRAM SRAM DDR 5 SDRAM  SYSTEM UNIT Power Supply Provides electrical power to all components within the system unit. ATX SFX Modular Semi-Modular Fully Modular 80 PLUS Certified Dual Rail  STORAGE DEVICES Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) Provide high-capacity storage for data and programs Internal External SSHD NAS Enterprise Surveillance Rugged  STORAGE DEVICES Solid-State Drives (SDDs) Offer faster access speeds and reliability compared to HDDs SATA SSD NVMe SSD M.2 SSD PCIe SSD QLC SSD Rugged SSD External SSD  STORAGE DEVICES USB Flash Drives Portable storage devices for transferring and storing data. Standard High Speed Secure Rugged Mini USB - C Wireless  STORAGE DEVICES Optical Disc Drives Read and write data to optical disc such as CD’s, DVD’s, and Blu-ray discs. CD-ROM CD - RW DVD - ROM DVD - RW Blu-Ray Drive External Optical Drive Slim Optical Drive  06 Why Computers are Powerful  Why Computer are Powerful Processing Speed Memory Capacity Parallel Processing Computers can perform millions to Computers have the ability to store This parallel processing capability billions of calculations per second, vast amounts of data in various significantly boosts overall enabling rapid data processing and forms, format text and images to performance, especially in tasks complex computations. video and software programs that can be divided into smaller subtasks. Networking and Artificial Intelligence Algorithm and Software Hardware Advancement Well-designed algorithms Continuous advancements in Connectivity & Machine Learning streamline processes, reduce hardware components, such as CPUs, Seamless connectivity allows The integration of Artificial computational complexity, and Graphic Processing Units (GPUs), and computers to collaborate, access Intelligence (AI) and Machine enable computers to perform storage devices, contribute to the cloud services, and Learning (ML) technologies tasks with speed and accuracy. increasing power of computers. communicate with other devices, empowers computers to learn, amplifying their capabilities. adapt, and make decision autonomously  07 Classifying Computers Supercomputers are the most powerful and fastest computers designed for performing complex calculations and simulations. These machines are used in scientific research, weather forecasting, and cryptography. Examples of supercomputers include IBM’s Summit and Sierra supercomputers. Supercomputer Mainframe computers are large, high- performance machines capable of handling extensive data processing tasks and supporting multiple users simultaneously. They are commonly used in large organizations for critical application like banking, airline reservations, and enterprises resource planning (ERP) systems. IBM Z Series mainframes are well- known examples of mainframe computers. Mainframe Computer Minicomputers, also known as midrange computers, are smaller than mainframe computers but larger than microcomputers. They are suitable for medium-sized businesses and servers or network appliances. Examples of minicomputers include the DEC and PDP-II and VAX series. Mini Computer Microcomputers, also known as personal computers (PCs), are small, affordable, and widely used computers designed for individual users. They include desktop computers, laptops, tablets, and smartphones. Examples of microcomputers are the Apple MacBook Pro, Dell XPS desktop, and Microsoft Surface Pro tablet. Micro Computer Embedded computers are specialized computing devices integrated into everyday objects and systems to perform specific functions. They are found in appliances, automobiles, medical devices, and industrial equipment. Examples of embedded computers include the control system in cars and smart home devices like thermostats and security cameras. Embedded Computers Workstations are high-performance computers optimized for specialized tasks such as graphic design, engineering, and scientific modeling. They offer powerful processing capabilities and advanced graphic features. Examples of workstations include the HP Z Series workstations and Dell Precision desktops. Workstations  08 Digital Age, Computer Age and Information Age COMPUTER AGE The Computer Age, also known as the Age of Computers, emerged in the mid-20th century with the development and widespread adoption of electronic computers. This era saw the evolution of computing technology from room-sized mainframe computers to personal computers that revolutionized data processing and information storage. Key milestones in the Computer Age include the invention of the transistor, the development of microprocessors, and the creation of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee. Computers became essential tools for business, scientific research, and personal use, laying the groundwork for the digital transformations that followed. INFORMATION AGE The Information Age followed the Computer Age and is characterized by the rapid expansion of information and communication technologies. This era saw the rise of the internet. Mobile devices, and digital communication platforms, transforming how information is accessed, shared, and consumed. The Information Age democratized knowledge, enabling individuals to connect globally, access vast amounts of data, and participate in online communities. Innovations such as email, search engines, and social media platform like Facebook and Twitter defined the Information Age, shaping how we communicate, learn, and interact in a digital world. DIGITAL AGE The Digital Age represents the current era, emphasizing the interconnectedness of digital technologies and the integration of digital tools into every aspect of daily life. In the Digital Age, advancements in artificials intelligence, big data analytics, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things have propelled technological innovation to new heights. This era is characterized by the proliferation of smart devices, automation, and the seamless integration of digital technologies into industries such as healthcare, finance, and transportation. The Digital Age has brought about a paradigm shift in how we work, communicate, and engage with technology, heralding a new era of digital transformation and connectivity.  09 Media in the Digital Age Social Media Platform Social media platform like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and LinkedIn have redefined how we connect and share information. These platforms enable users to create share, and engage with content in real-time, fostering global conversations and community building. Online Streaming Services Services like Netflix, Hulu, and Amazon Prime Video have disrupted traditional television and movie distribution. Viewers can access a vast library of content on-demand, leading to the rise of binge-watching and personalized viewing experiences. Digital Journalism Digital journalism encompasses online news websites, blogs, and multimedia platforms that deliver news and information in real-time. Organization like BBC News, The New York Times, and BuzzFeed have embraced digital formats to reach wider audiences and provide up-to-the-minute updates. Influencer Marketing Influencer marketing leverages the reach and influence of social media personalities to promote products and services. Influencers collaborate with brands to create sponsored content, reaching niche audiences and driving consumer engagement. Podcast Podcasts have surged in popularity, offering on-demand audio content on a wide range of topics. Podcast platforms like Spotify and Apple Podcasts have democratized content creation, allowing individuals and organizations to share stories, interviews, and discussions with global audiences.  10 Evolution of Media Print Media Era (15th Century) The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century revolutionized communication by enabling the mass production of books, newspapers, and pamphlets. Print media became a powerful tool for spreading information, shaping public opinion, and fostering literacy. Broadcast Media Era (20th Century) The 20th century witnessed the rise of broadcast media, including radio and television. Radio broadcasting brought news, entertainment, and live events into households, fostering a sense of shared culture and community. Television further revolutionized visual storytelling, shaping popular culture and political discourse.  Digital Media Era (Late 20th Century - Present) The advent of the internet and digital media era, transforming how information is created, shared, and consumed. The rise of social media platform, online news websites, streaming services, and digital advertising has democratized content creation, enabling global connectivity and personalized media experiences. Mobile Media Era (21st Century) The proliferation of smartphones and mobile devices in the 21st century has fueled the mobile media era, where content is consumed on-the-go and personalized. Mobile apps, social media engagement, and mobile- friendly websites have reshaped how audiences interact with media, blurring the boundaries between traditional and digital platforms. Interactive Media Era (Present – Future) The current trajectory of media evolution points towards an interactive media era characterized by immersive experiences, augmented reality, and user-generated content. Virtual reality, gamification, and interactive storytelling are shaping the future of media offering new avenues for engagement, creativity, and audience participation.  11 Overview of Current Trends Artificial intelligence is a leading trend in technology, with applications in automation, machine learning, natural language processing, and predictive analytics. AI is revolutionizing industries by enhancing decision-making processes, optimizing operations, and enabling personalized user experiences (Smith, 2021). Artificial Intelligence (AI) The Internet of Things is connecting devices and systems, enabling data exchange and automation in various environments. IoT technologies are transforming industries like healthcare, manufacturing, and smart cities creating interconnected ecosystems for improved efficiency and convenience (White & Black, 2018). Internet of Things (IoT) With the increasing complexity of cyber threats, cybersecurity remains a critical trend in technology. Organizations are focusing on enhancing security measures, implementing advanced threat detection systems, and ensuring data protection to safeguard against cyber-attacks and breaches (Johnson, 2019) Cybersecurity Blockchain technology is disrupting traditional industries by providing secure, transparent, and decentralized systems for transactions and data management. Industries such as finance, supply chain, and healthcare are leveraging blockchain for efficient and trustless processes (Brown & Lee, 2020) Blockchain Technology The rollout of 5G technology is transforming connectivity by offering faster speeds, lower latency, and increased network capacity. 5G technology is enabling innovations in mobile communication, Interne of Things, augmented reality, and autonomous vehicles, opening up new possibilities for digital transformation (Tech Trends Journal, 2021) 5G Technology  12 Impact of ICT on Individuals, Organizations and Society  Impact of ICT Individuals Organizations Society Enhance Communication Increase Efficiency Digital Transformation Access to Information Global Reach Ethical Consideration Opportunities for Challenges and Opportunities Empowerment and Innovation Inclusion  13 Ethical Issues in ICT  Ethical Issues in ICT 1. Personal Privacy - Ensuring the confidentiality and protection of personal data and information in the digital age. 2. Access Rights - Addressing concerns related to unauthorized access to systems and data. 3. Harmful Actions - Dealing with potential harm caused by misuse of technology such as data loss, property damage, and cyber threats. 4. Patents - Protecting intellectual property and unique ideas in the digital realm. 5. Copyright - Upholding the rights of creators and preventing the unauthorized use or distribution of digital content. 6. Trade Secrets - Safeguarding confidential information that provides a competitive advantage. 7. Liability - Determining accountability and responsibility in technology-related decisions. 8. Piracy - Combatting the illegal duplication and distribution of software and digital content.