Unit 1 Slides PDF

INTEGRATED FOUNDATIONAL SCIENCES 1 UNIT 1...

INTEGRATED FOUNDATIONAL SCIENCES 1 UNIT 1 – INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN MOVEMENT NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, EMBRYOLOGY, CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM BASICS ASCENDING / DESCENDING SYSTEMS EVAN PUCILLO, PT, DPT, EDD https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 1 of 280  1. CLO1 IDENTIFY BASIC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF CELLS AND TISSUES INCLUDING MAINTENANCE OF HOMEOSTASIS. DESCRIBE THE TYPICAL NEUROANATOMY AND NEUROPHYSIOLOGY OF THE MOVEMENT SYSTEM TO INCLUDE THE CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. DEFINE PAIN CLASSIFICATION (NOCICEPTIVE, NEUROPATHIC, NOCIOPLASTIC) BASED ON PAIN MECHANISMS. LIST THE MAJOR EFFECTS OF PAIN ON THE MOVEMENT SYSTEM. https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 2 of 280  WHAT CONTROLS HUMAN MOVEMENT? HOW DO WE DEVELOP CONTROL OF MOVEMENT? Theneurologicalsystemcontrols humanmovement https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 8 of 280  Your noodle! https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 9 of 280  Adult nervous system e s https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 10 of 280 https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 11 of 280  matter Gray aceulnaero.in I ie i ieuEnath it.ieEiies https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 12 of 280  Rewrite study CNS & PNS CELL FUNCTION https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 13 of 280  a it iiiiiiii.EE Neurons ◦ Grey matter iEi ◦ Microglia / astroctyes ◦ Cell bodies with nucleus (Soma) it ◦ White matter ◦ Oligodendrocytes ◦ Myelin sheaths = wires ◦ Electrochemical cellular communication ◦ Saltatory conduction ◦ Skipping vs. swimming ◦ neurotransmitters ponaeeiiseent.in https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 14 of 280  Motor Interneuron Sensory fussanger 1 whereas https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 15 of 280  makes AXONS “WIRES” of the nervous system. Transmit messaging between neurons Can be myelinated = fast Unmyelinated = slow Myelin faster10x coatedaxonsmove than unmyelinatedaxons exfeelingpainafteryoutouched a hotstove https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 16 of 280  brainbarrier Astrocyte blood https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 17 of 280  Receptors Neurons https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 18 of 280  HOW DO NEURONS GENERATE MESSAGES? HOW DO THEY “TALK” TO THE REST OF THE BODY? https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 19 of 280  Neuronal Signaling area 2 parts = electrical & chemical Travels along the axon… Goes both ways! writer Electrochemical goes from body to terminus seagy eatising Chemical signaling goes from terminus reaicans to cell body. https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 20 of 280  ACTION POTENTIAL Electrical signal https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 21 of 280  Resting State of Neuron flushes sodium eere patagium removed to me positive Etf papacy carfare Thiscreatesthechargetosendmessages through the axon https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 22 of 280 https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 23 of 280  action from penetia cento one https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 24 of 280 https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 25 of 280  released neurotransmitters https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 26 of 280  Neurotransmitters Neurotransmitters = chemical signal: + GluTamate i + AceTyhcholine - GABA + Nor Epi +/- Dopa +/- Serotonin + Histamine exititory positive negativeinhibitory ReceptorsareNotneurons https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 27 of 280  HOW DOES THE NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOP? WHICH EMBRYONIC STRUCTURES FORM ADULT TISSUES? https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 28 of 280  right Hemisphere iiii head Ep Adult Brain Directions and Orientation Eferior https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 29 of 280  EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT Stages 1-4 EYE Iiiiiiiii https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 30 of 280  avenging https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 31 of 280  perfect wait fanatical https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 32 of 280 https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 33 of 280  HOW IS THE ADULT BRAIN COMPARTMENTALIZED? HOW ARE BRAIN STRUCTURES ORGANIZED? HOW DOES THE BRAIN CONTROL https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 34 of 280  outside night in apperfed Cerebral Cortex Major lobes ii 1. Frontal 2. Parietal 3. Temporal iniii i 4. Occipital 5. “Limbic” 0 i mi EE's divin p https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 35 of 280  ADULT CEREBRAL CORTEX IN https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 36 of 280  50 https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 37 of 280 https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 38 of 280  BottomofBrain https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 39 of 280  Brain environs -Skull cavity -meninges -ventricles -vasculature -neurological tissue Brainsits in a salt waterbath https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 40 of 280  Meninges ◦ SCALP ◦ Dura mater isissiater anastasia ◦ Arachnoid mater ◦ Pia mater go 8 saeanno ugiii a.gg https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 41 of 280  Meningeal Meningeal spaces spaces potential ◦ Epidural = potential epidural ◦ Subdural = potential subdural p otential ◦ Subarachnoid = *space ◦ Between pia / arachnoid ◦ Contains vasculature subarachnoid space contains pia between arachoid vasculature https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 42 of 280  Dura mater; falx cerebri; tentorium cerebelli I https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 43 of 280  Arachnoid mater – subarachnoid space EYE https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 44 of 280 https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 45 of 280  motor sensory language vision https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 46 of 280  seen if https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 47 of 280  v9 an we 00 itrinoeaanet re “HOMONCULUS” Timportant Memorize the 9 18brain9 4 of Homonculus the https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 48 of 280  aovement Ee.EE Ecu https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 49 of 280  SENSORY AND MOTOR CORTEX upperenantor UMN = primary motor cortex engage line Blue LMN = anterior horn cells in spinal cord cnowmegkitf UMN.in brain LMNin cord s pinal https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 50 of 280  HOW DOES THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD CONTROL HUMAN MOVEMENT? https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 51 of 280  sensory and motor SENSORY AND MOTOR PATHWAYS pathways https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 52 of 280  Redownlad this picture SENSATION MOTOR Destination of info Origin of info https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 53 of 280  Bear Spinal Cord spinalcord polyp ◦ Cervical and Lumbar enlargements moxorcircui.it ◦ C1-C8 ◦ L1-S4 ◦ Carry motor / sensory information ◦ Descending and ascending, resp. ◦ Ventral = motor (LMN) ◦ Dorsal = sensory ◦ Rootlets blend to make a root ma.sm.name ◦ Roots blend to make a peripheral spinal nerve ◦ Terminates at L1/2 – cauda equina Samosson https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 54 of 280  Anteriorfront Graymatterisinsidethespinalcord cord s fifth m Spinal https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 55 of 280  o uter Highlighted coating ofthe cord spinal https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 56 of 280  Erin assignee up make rootlets roots https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 57 of 280  Spinal Cord Perfusion for blokes blog.tnsmete median assure https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 58 of 280 https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 59 of 280  DESCENDING MOTOR PATHWAYS https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 60 of 280  ñ Primary motor cortex ◦ LATERAL CORTICOSPINAL TRACT Descending - 2 neurons! ◦ UMN - cortex means ◦ LMN - AHC ◦ Crosses at medulla ◦ Pyramidal decussation LCST….not medial CST. https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 61 of 280  sensor no motor https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 62 of 280  10 motor cortex 10 sensory Upper motor neurons = cortex UMN The Homonculus https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 63 of 280  we spies Assumption: motor neurons Are ALWAYS excited… If there’s no “boss” Things go haywire down in the office Neuronsarealways on signalstheysend actionpotential https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 64 of 280  UMN - LUE C6/C7 cord level LCS LMN T TO: Motor End Plate - NMJ ex t riceps bat swinging https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 65 of 280 https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 66 of 280  Motor Pathways ◦ Lateral CST – pyramidal – primary motor cortex ◦ RubroSpinal ◦ Anteromedial CST ◦ VestibuloSpinal ◦ TectoSpinal ◦ Assumption = upper motor neurons ARE ALWAYS EXCITED https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 67 of 280 https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 68 of 280  80-90% of control 10-20% of control Primary motor system https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 69 of 280  Other Descending Pathways (Secondary - subconscious) Head/eye control; balance, trunk and postural control, upright tone, erectness https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 70 of 280 https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 71 of 280 https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 72 of 280 https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 73 of 280  Excitationcouplingcontraction study Free pulse I acromasae friee EE action muscular potential https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 74 of 280  skeletalmuscle myosinreachesactinandpulls ex rowingmovement APP ps https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 75 of 280  study E-C sliding filament theory pp.376-389 Silverthorn know how ATP isformed https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 76 of 280  PUTTING IT TOGETHER 4th & 1yd…What is happening? Describe how/where his movement is initiated. How does the message get to his arm muscle? How do the muscles respond to the neurons? How does the muscle contract physiologically? What nerve roots controls shoulder abduction / elbow extension? What pathways control his trunk, head, posture, etc? UMN primarymotorcortex https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 77 of 280  ASCENDING SENORY PATHWAYS https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 78 of 280  Sensory Pathways ◦ Posterior orientation ◦ Dorsal Horn = Rexed Laminae ◦ TWO MAIN TRACTS: ◦ DCML & ALST tracts https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 79 of 280  DCML ◦ Light touch ◦ Proprioception ◦ Vibration ◦ Ascending - 3 neurons ◦ DRG ◦ Medulla ◦ Thalamus FC ◦ Crosses at medulla FG ◦ Internal arcuate fibers https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 80 of 280  ALST ◦ Pain and temperature ◦ Crude touch ◦ 3 neurons – ascending ◦ DRG ◦ Dorsal Horn ◦ Thalamus ◦ Crossed IMMEDIATELY ◦ Anterior commissure https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 81 of 280  SENSORY TESTING: DERMATOMES Light touch Proprioception Vibration Two-point Pain/temperature https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 82 of 280 https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 83 of 280 https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 84 of 280 https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 85 of 280 https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 86 of 280 https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 87 of 280 https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 88 of 280  Receptors Interact with External Environment https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 89 of 280  Differences exist by cross sectional area of tissue, i.e. fingertip vs. anterior thigh https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 90 of 280  Meissner’s densely located in areas needing two-point discrimination = reading Braille (fingertips) Pacinian = pressure / deep https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 91 of 280  Dorsal = sensory ventral = motor https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 92 of 280  DCML ◦ Light touch ◦ Proprioception ◦ Vibration ◦ Ascending - 3 neurons ◦ DRG - bipolar ◦ FC / FG ◦ VPL ◦ Crosses at medulla ◦ Internal arcuate fibers https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 93 of 280  Dermatomes ◦ C5: The shoulder ◦ C6: The thumb ◦ C7: The index and middle finger ◦ C8: The ring and little finger ◦ T1: Runs down the anterior arm ◦ T4: The chest at the level of the nipple ◦ T7: The chest at the level of the xiphoid process ◦ T10: The abdomen at the level of the umbilicus ◦ T12: Just above the hip girdle ◦ L1: The hip girdle and the groin/inguinal area https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 94 of 280  DCML tract https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 95 of 280  ALST ◦ Pain and temperature ◦ Crude touch ◦ Ascending - 3 neurons ◦ DRG ◦ Marginal Zone, 1,2,5 ◦ VPL ◦ Crossed IMMEDIATELY ◦ Anterior commissure https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 96 of 280  ALST tract ◦ Pain ◦ Temperature ◦ Crude touch https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 97 of 280 https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 98 of 280  The Pain Matrix https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 99 of 280  This is such a PAIN! https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 100 of 280 https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 101 of 280 https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 102 of 280  GATE THEORY https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 103 of 280 https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 104 of 280 https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 105 of 280 https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 106 of 280  PUTTING IT TOGETHER 4th & 1yd…What is happening? ◦ Describe how/where his sensation of the football in his hand is initiated. ◦ Describe how/where his sensation of the turf on his feet is initiated. ◦ What happens if he steps on someone’s foot, or the surface becomes unstable? ◦ What dermatome level corresponds to his fingertips on the football? ◦ What dermatome level corresponds to his heel? https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 107 of 280  PATHWAY CASES https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 108 of 280  CONCLUSION Action Items: 1. Study and review 2. Highlight key concepts 3. Create questions for your tutors/study groups/professor 4. Peer – to – peer teaching/studying 5. Make a “mock” exam with 10 questions with answer key https://ally-production.s3.amazonaws.com/files/0d/b4/6d/43//ally_context13736681585…z-Signature=0347fe22cfb2c9a96b5cc5fe97fafaa2fd65223b195aaf4f88ff019522d826b6 1/11/25, 12:26 AM Page 109 of 280