UNIT 1 Prokaryotic Cell Structure.pptx

As a nurse, why should I study microbiology? MICROBIOLOGY EDUCATION IN NURSING PRACTICE To gauge the relevance of AIM current microbiology education to nursing practice. (2017) 296 Registered Nurses with R...

As a nurse, why should I study microbiology? MICROBIOLOGY EDUCATION IN NURSING PRACTICE To gauge the relevance of AIM current microbiology education to nursing practice. (2017) 296 Registered Nurses with RESPONDEN experiences ranging from 1- 40 years. TS It is unclear whether current microbiology courses GAP required for nursing students focus on the topics that are most relevant to their practice. RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS PROKARYOTIC CELL STRUCTURE Prepared by: Brian Dicam [email protected]  OBJECTIVES Differentiate cellular from acellular microorganisms. Identify the major prokaryotic cell structures and explain their associated functions especially in pathogenicity. Discuss ways on how to protect the body from disease causing bacteria. PART I: CELLULAR AND ACELLULAR MICROORGANISMS PART II: PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BACTERIAL CELL PART II A: BACTERIAL CELL ENVELOPE  Glycocalyx: Capsule Composed mainly of an organized polysaccharide layer. Protects the bacteria against phagocytosis. Streptococcus pneumoniae  Glycocalyx: Capsule Composed mainly of an organized polysaccharide layer. Protects the bacteria against phagocytosis. Phagocytosis  Glycocalyx: Slime Layer Composed mainly of a loose polysaccharide layer. Used to adhere to cell surfaces and other foreign materials. Pseudomonas aeruginosa  Biofilms A slimy network composed of sugars, proteins and nucleic acids. Protects the bacterial community from environmental stress. Allows bacteria to communicate with Pseudomonas one another. aeruginosa  Cell Wall Provides the shape of the bacteria Composed of a peptidoglycan layer  Cell Wall: Gram Positive Does not have an Outer Membrane. Notable Parts: Lipoteichoic Acid  Cell Wall: Gram Negative Has an additional layer called the Outer Membrane Notable Parts: Lipid A O-Polysaccharide Periplasmic Space  Plasma Membrane Responsible for acquiring nutrients and eliminating waste Selectively permeable Also has additional roles such as photosynthesis, respiration, lipid synthesis and cell wall repair Plasma Membrane PART II B: BACTERIAL CYTOPLASMIC STRUCTURES  Parts and Functions of Cytoplasmic Organelles Cytoplasm An aqueous substance where organelles are suspended. Site of glycolysis.  Parts and Functions of Cytoplasmic Organelles Ribosomes Site for protein synthesis  Parts and Functions of Cytoplasmic Organelles Chromosome Contains the genetic material Circular double helix in structure Located in an area known as the Nucleoid  Parts and Functions of Cytoplasmic Organelles Plasmid Genetic material that can be transferred to other bacteria Contains genetic information that often contains advantageous traits such as antibiotic resistance PART II C: APPENDAGES  FLAGELLA Whip-like appendage that helps propel the bacteria through a liquid. Bacillus circulans  FIMBRIAE Thin protein tubes originating from the cytoplasmic membrane Used to adhere to surfaces Also known as attachment pili Escherichia coli  PILUS Thin protein tubes originating from the cytoplasmic membrane Used to adhere to surfaces Used for bacterial conjugation Also known as the Escherichia coli sex/conjugation pilus PART II D: SPECIALIZED STRUCTURES  ENDOSPORES Dormant, tough and non-reproductive structure produced by certain bacteria Consists of the bacterium’s DNA and part of its cytoplasm, surrounded by a very tough outer coating Bacillus anthracis  ENDOSPORES Allows a bacteria to survive very harsh environments Can survive without nutrients The vegetative state is activated when conditions are now favorable for survival Bacillus anthracis