Organizational Behavior Textbook PDF

Organizational Behavior Seventeenth Edition What Is Organizational Behavior? Copyright © 2017, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Defin...

Organizational Behavior Seventeenth Edition What Is Organizational Behavior? Copyright © 2017, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Define Organizational Behavior Organizational behavior (OB) is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behavior within organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization’s effectiveness. Copyright © 2017, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Effective vs. Successful Managers Do managers who move up the quickest in an organization do the same activities and with the same emphasis as managers who do the best job? Copyright © 2017, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.  OB Variables INDEPENDENT VARIABLES (Inputs) Individual (personality, values, perception, motivation etc.) Group (Leadership, politics, conflict & negotiation etc.) Organization (structure, culture eg. HRM, change practices) DEPENDENT VARIABLES (Outcomes) Productivity Absenteeism Turnover Deviant workplace behaviour Job Satisfaction Copyright © 2017, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Three Levels of Analysis in OB Model A Basic OB Model Copyright © 2017, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Application & Analysis of OB Are satisfied employees more productive than dissatisfied employees? To what extent does workforce diversity affects task performance? Does job performance declines with increasing age? How can understanding OB help us to better analyze the questions above? Copyright © 2017, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Uses of OB in Organization To develop and improve Interpersonal skills because… ‘Good places to work’ have better financial performance. Better interpersonal skills result in lower turnover of quality employees and higher quality applications for recruitment. There is a strong association between the quality of workplace relationships and job satisfaction, stress, and turnover. It fosters social responsibility awareness. Copyright © 2017, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The Value to OB of Systematic Study Systematic Study of Behavior Looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and basing our conclusions on scientific evidence. – Because fundamental consistencies underlie human behaviors, such behaviours are generally predictable if we know how the person perceived the situation and what is important to him or her. – But because things are perceived differently by different individuals, few absolutes apply to OB. Copyright © 2017, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The Major Behavioral Science Disciplines That Contribute to OB Organizational behavior is an applied behavioral science that is built upon contributions from a number of behavioral disciplines: – Psychology – Social psychology – Sociology – Anthropology Copyright © 2017, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The Major Behavioral Science Disciplines That Contribute to OB Psychology – seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals. Social psychology – blends the concepts of psychology and sociology. Copyright © 2017, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The Major Behavioral Science Disciplines That Contribute to OB Sociology – studies people in relation to their social environment or culture. Anthropology – is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities. Copyright © 2017, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Challenges and Opportunities of OB Concepts Responding to economic pressure Challenges: – Decreased staff morale and increased stress & anxiety – Reduced resources for development Opportunities: – Enhanced communication and trust – Focus on core values & mission and streamlining processes – Culture of resilience, innovation & adaptation Copyright © 2017, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Challenges and Opportunities of OB Concepts Managing workforce diversity & Inclusion Workforce diversity – organizations are becoming more heterogeneous. Challenges: – Communication barriers – Unconscious bias Opportunities: – Enhancement in creativity & innovation – Diversity training Sessions – Culture awareness Day Copyright © 2017, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Challenges and Opportunities of OB Concepts Employee engagement An individual’s involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the work he or she does. Challenges: – Low morale – Lack of development Opportunities: – Recognition programmes – Professional development workshops Copyright © 2017, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.  Challenges and Opportunities of OB Concepts Responding to globalization Challenges: – Increased foreign assignments. – Working with people from different cultures. – Remote management Opportunities: – Overseeing movement of jobs to countries with low-cost labor. – Global workforce brings diverse perspectives – Talent acquisition – Knowledge sharing – Enhanced Flexibility and responsiveness Copyright © 2017, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Challenges and Opportunities of OB Concepts Improving customer service Challenges: – Customers expectations – Maintaining consistency Opportunities: – Employee attitudes and behavior are associated with customer satisfaction. – Service employees have substantial interaction with customers – They need a customer-responsive culture. Copyright © 2017, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Challenges and Opportunities of OB Concepts People skills-People skills are essential to managerial effectiveness. Challenges: – Diverse workforce communication skills – Skill gaps Opportunities: – Enhanced collaboration – Adaptive leadership OB provides the concepts and theories that allow managers to predict employee behavior in given situations. Copyright © 2017, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.  Challenges and Opportunities of OB Concepts Innovation and Change (temporariness) Challenges:  Resistance to change  Change fatigue  Fear of job loss Opportunities: Stimulate employees’ creativity and tolerance to change.  create an organizational culture that thrives on change Copyright © 2017, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Challenges and Opportunities of OB Concepts Improving ethical behavior – Ethical dilemmas and ethical choices are situations in which an individual is required to define right and wrong conduct. – Good ethical behavior is not so easily defined. – Organizations distribute codes of ethics to guide employees through ethical dilemmas. – Managers need to create an ethically healthy climate. Copyright © 2017, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.  Challenges and Opportunities of OB Concepts Working in networked organizations – Networked organizations are becoming more pronounced. – A manager’s job is fundamentally different in networked organizations. – Challenges of motivating and leading “online” require different techniques. Copyright © 2017, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.  Challenges and Opportunities of OB Concepts Working in networked organizations Challenges – Maintaining coordination – Data security Opportunities – Wider access to talent – Flexibility & innovation Copyright © 2017, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Challenges and Opportunities of OB Concepts Enhancing employee well-being at work Challenges – The creation of the global workforce means work no longer sleeps which may lead to burn-out – Communication technology has provided a vehicle for working at any time or any place. – Employees are working longer hours per week. – The lifestyles of families have changed—creating conflict. – Balancing work and life demands now surpasses job security as an employee priority. Copyright © 2017, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Challenges and Opportunities of OB Concepts Enhancing employee well-being at work Opportunities – Flexible work schedules – Mental health resources – Supportive staff policies – Staff socials Copyright © 2017, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Challenges and Opportunities of OB Concepts Using social media at work – Policies on accessing social media at work.  When, where, and for what purpose. – Impact of social media on employee well-being. Opportunities – Enhanced communication/crisis management & feedback – Employee engagement – Collaboration & knowledge sharing – Recruitment and employer branding – Training & Development – Remote work & Virtual Teams Copyright © 2017, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and OB ICTs are technologies that provide access to information through telecommunications eg. Internet, wireless networks, cell phones, laptops, Email etc. The use of ICTs can help to streamline organizational processes and improve employee’s productivity if managed effectively Copyright © 2017, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and OB ICTs allow employees to: Communicate in an efficient way Obtain information and feedback immediately Address concerns and solve problems instantaneously Copyright © 2017, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and OB ICTs enable:  Flexible work arrangements  Telecommuting schedules  Compressed work weeks  Teleconferencing facilities Copyright © 2017, 2015, 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.