Unit 1 - Introduction to the Field of OB PDF

Diploma in Healthcare AOB 2414 Organizational Behaviour Unit 1: Introduction to the Field of Organizational Behaviour Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.  Lea...

Diploma in Healthcare AOB 2414 Organizational Behaviour Unit 1: Introduction to the Field of Organizational Behaviour Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.  Learning objective  Explain the concept of Organizational Behavior (OB).  Explain the history of OB  Describe the fundamental aspect of OB in organization.  Identify the types of individual behavior in organization.  Discuss the importance of studying OB. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.  1.1 What is organization?  It is a group of people who are collected to work for a common goal with collective efforts.  Organization works through two concepts i.e coordination and delegation among its group members.  Delegation is necessary to allocate group members with equal work according to their capability, and coordination is required to achieve organizational goal with precision. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.  1.2 What is behavior?  It is a verbal or physical response shown by a person as a consequence of the impact of his/her surroundings. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.  So, 1.3 What is organizational behavior (OB)? In general, Organizational Behavior (OB) is the study of human behavior in organizational settings, the interface between human behavior and the organization, and the organization itself. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.  Cont… But, “Organizational behavior is directly concerned with the understanding, prediction, and control of human behavior in organizations.” — Fred Luthans. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.  Cont… In conclusion,  Organizational behavior is the study of both group and individual performance and activity within an organization.  This area of study examines human behavior in a work environment and determines its impact on job structure, performance, communication, motivation, leadership, etc.  It is the systematic study and application of knowledge about how individuals and groups act within the organizations where they work. OB draws from other disciplines to create a unique field. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.  1.4 History of Organizational Behavior Studies  Origin of Organizational Behavior can trace its roots back to Max Weber and earlier organizational studies.  The Industrial Revolution is the period from approximately 1760 when new technologies resulted in the adoption of new manufacturing techniques, including increased mechanization.  The industrial revolution led to significant social and cultural change, including new forms of organization.  Analyzing these new organizational forms, sociologist Max Weber described bureaucracy as an ideal type of organization that rested on rational-legal principles and maximized technical efficiency. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.  Cont… Other founder of OB: Greek philosopher Plato – wrote the essence of leadership (1940). Chinese philosopher Confucius – ethics and leadership(500 b.c ). Adam Smith – new form of organizational structure based on the division of labor(1776). Industrial engineer Frederick Winslow Taylor – new ways to organize employees and motivation through goal setting and rewards. ( Father of Scientific Management) Elton Mayo & Colleagues – report on how formal and informal group dynamics operate in the workplace (1920). Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.  Cont… Mary Parker Follet – constructive conflict, team dynamics, organizational democracy, power and leadership. Chester Bernard – Individual behavior, motivation, communication, leadership and authority and team dynamics in organizational settings. Aristotle - the topic of persuasive communication. Abraham H. Maslow– need hierarchy motivation model (1954). Douglas McGregor - theory X and Theory Y Managerial style (1960). Henry Mintzberg – Managerial Role: interpersonal, informational, decision making. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.  1.5 Fundamental Aspects Of Organizational Behavior: Structure Technology People Environment ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.  Cont… 1) People: The word ‘people’ can be anyone who is working inside the Organization, For examples: employees or any external person like supplier, customer, auditor 2) Structure: It is the body of the Organization which is to be taken care of to bring coordination between different levels of Organization. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.  Cont… 3) Technology: Technologies in organization is to help people in efficiently doing their work. For example: Computer, printer or network 4) Environment: Environment in organization is referring to the situational in the organization which able to influence employees Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.  1.6 Types of individual behavior Individual behavior play an important role in a companies to enable them to interact with their environment and share knowledge and information within the organization. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.  Cont… 1. Task performance Type of individual that goal-directed behaviors under the individual’s control that support the organizational objectives. 2. Organizational citizenship Types of individual that offering cooperation and helpfulness to others that support the organization's social. For example: assisting co-workers with their work problem. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.  Cont… 3. Counterproductive work behavior An individual that interested in all workplace behaviors, including those on the ‘dark side’ For example : abuse of others , work avoidance , work sabotage, overt acts (theft). 4. Joining and staying the organization This is refers to the employee that have a good knowledge and talent. If qualified people don't join and stay with the organization, none of these performance-related behaviors will occur. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.  Cont… 5. Maintaining work attendance Organizations need everyone to show up for work at scheduled time. There are 4 causes of absenteeism among employee: 1. Situational factor For example: severe weather or car breakdown 2. Motivational factor For example: work related stress 3. Sick leave For example: MC 4. Changing norm For example: change in shift, absence of coworkers Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.  1.7 The importance of OB 1. Relationship It builds better relationship by achieving people’s, organizational, and social objectives. It brings coordination which is the essence of management. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.  Cont… 2. Performance effectiveness It improves goodwill of the organization. It helps to achieve objectives quickly. Preventing miscommunications that will lead to a decrease in morale. Avoid gossip and rudeness disrupt performance. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.  Cont… 3. Motivation Organizational behavior is able to help leaders understand the motivational tools required to facilitate their employees to reach their potential. It leads to higher efficiency. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.  1.8 Limitations of OB 3 major limitations of OB are; 1. Behavioral Bias. A condition that is a reflection of tunnel vision, in which people have narrow viewpoints as if they were looking through a tunnel. They see only the tiny view at the other end of the tunnel while missing the broader landscape. 2. The Law of Diminishing Returns. It says that beyond a certain point, there is a decline in output even after each additional good or positive factor. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.  Cont… 3. Unethical Manipulation of People A significant concern about OB is that its knowledge and techniques can be used to manipulate people unethically. People who lack respect for the basic dignity of the human being could learn OB ideas and use them for selfish ends. They could use what they know about motivation or communication in the manipulation of people without regard for human welfare. Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author. THE END Please do not reproduce, redistribute or share without the prior express permission of the author.