Nutrients And Their Importance To Animals PDF

1 NUTRIENTS AND THEIR IMPORTANCE TO ANIMALS APSR Lesson C3-1 2 Interest Approach ❖ Observe the corn, soybeans and hay. ✔ List the similarities. ⮚ ⮚ ⮚ ✔ List the differences. ⮚ ⮚ ⮚ 3 Objectives 1. Explain the functions of feed. 2. Identify the various feed types and characteristics. 3. Explai...

1 NUTRIENTS AND THEIR IMPORTANCE TO ANIMALS APSR Lesson C3-1 2 Interest Approach ❖ Observe the corn, soybeans and hay. ✔ List the similarities. ⮚ ⮚ ⮚ ✔ List the differences. ⮚ ⮚ ⮚ 3 Objectives 1. Explain the functions of feed. 2. Identify the various feed types and characteristics. 3. Explain how animals are fed. 4 What are the functions of feed? ❖ The nutritional needs of an animal changes throughout its life. ✔Amount ✔Type ❖ The feed can be categorized into groups. 5 What are the functions of feed? ❖ Define m aintenance : the process of keeping the body at a constant state. There is no loss or gain of weight. Every second an animal is alive, it requires energy. ❖ Define basal m aintenance requirem ent: The amount of energy needed by an animal for maintenance ✔High in carbohydrates and fats ✔Small amount of protein, minerals, and vitamins ✔About 50% of an animal’s diet is for maintenance 6 What are the functions of feed? ❖ Define grow th : the increase in size of the muscles, bones, internal organs, and other body parts. ✔ Requires mostly energy ✔ Other nutrients ✔ Carbohydrates provide energy 7 What are the functions of feed? ❖ Proper nutrition ✔Efficient reproduction ✔Lack of nutrition (females) reproductive failures ✔Lack of nutrition (males) lower sperm production ✔Protein, minerals, vitamins ❖ Define gestation : pregnancy ❖ Define fetus : unborn offspring 8 What are the functions of feed? ❖ Define lactation : the process of an animal giving milk ✔Nutrient requirements ✔Lactation ration – higher levels of ⮚ protein ⮚ calcium ⮚ phosphorus 9 What are the functions of feed? ❖ A work ration is needed by animals that are expected to conduct all types of work and activity for the operation. ✔Examples include ⮚ draft animals ⮚ racehorses ⮚ hunting dogs These animals require increased carbohydrates and fats. 10 What are various feed types? ❖ Define feedstuff :an ingredient used in making feed for animals ❖ Define feed:what animals eat to obtain nutrients. Feedstuffs can be added to feed to provide flavor, color, or texture to increase palatability. ❖ Define palatability:how well an animal likes a feed; generally it Photo courtesy of USDA/Stephen Ausmus. refers to taste. 11 What are various feed types? ❖ A feed high in nutrients is of no benefit if the animal refuses to eat it. ❖ Three basic categories: 1. roughages 2. legumes 3. supplements 12 What are various feed types? ❖ Livestock feed that contains more than 18 percent crude fiber when dry is called roughage. ✔Mostly leaves & tender plants ✔Also known as forages. ✔Two general classes ⮚Legume roughages ⮚Nonlegume roughages 13 What are various feed types? ❖ Define legum e - a plant that can take nitrogen from the air. ❖ Define nodules - specialized root parts ⮚Bacteria aids in the process of removing nitrogen. ⮚Examples • clovers • alfalfa • soybeans • trefoil • lespedeza • peas • beans 14 What are various feed types? ❖ Define nonlegum e roughages cannot use nitrogen from the air and are usually lower in protein than the legume roughages ✔Corn silage ✔bromegrass ✔Fodders ✔ orchard grass ✔Bluegrass ✔ fescue ✔Timothy ✔ prairie grasses ✔Redtop 15 What are various feed types? ❖ Define concentrate Livestock feed that contains less than 18 percent crude fiber when dry ✔High in energy ✔More than roughage ✔Higher producing animals 16 What are various feed types? ❖ Define high-energy concentrates feeds that contain less than 20 percent crude protein ✔Corn, wheat, sorghum, barley, rye, oats ❖ Define high-protein concentrates feeds that contain 20 percent or more protein ✔Soybean meal, cottonseed meal, sunflower meal 17 What are various feed types? ❖ Define supplem ent a feed material that is high in a specific nutrient ✔Increases protein content ✔Two types of protein sources 18 What are various feed types? ❖ Define anim al proteins : Protein supplements that come from animals or animal byproducts ✔Meat scraps, meat & bone meal, fish meal, blood meal ✔Define tank age: animal tissue and bones from animal harvesting facilities and rendering plants that are cooked, dried, and ground ✔> 47% Crude protein ✔Contain a more balanced amount of the essential amino acids than the other type of protein supplements. 19 What are various feed types? ❖ Define vegetable proteins . Protein supplements that come from plants. ✔Soybean oil meal, peanut oil meal, corn gluten feed ✔< 47% crude protein 20 What are some ways in which animals are fed? ❖ How and when animals are fed are important components of animal production. ✔Development ✔Correct amount of the ration ✔Overeating- health problems ✔Two basic methods 21 What are some ways in which animals are fed? ❖ Define free access – or free choice, allows animals to eat feed when they want feed. The feed is available to the animal at all times. This method is good for some species and with some feedstuffs, but not for or with others. ✔Works for some animals, but not all ✔Pigs - no ✔Cattle - yes 22 What are some ways in which animals are fed? ❖ Define scheduled feeding – involves providing feed at certain times of the day. ✔Based on the individual animal needs 23 Review 1. What is the term that describes the amount of energy needed by an animal? 2. What is the key to successful and efficient reproduction? 3. What percentage of crude fiber when dry is called roughage? 4. Describe the two basic feeding methods.