Animal Feed PDF

# Chapter 1: Animal Feed ## Animal Feed - **What is Nutrition?** Nutrition is the science of dealing with the utilization of food by the body processes which transforms food into body tissues and energy. - **Why is Nutrition Important?** To obtain and utilize surplus or unusable feed stuffs and co...

# Chapter 1: Animal Feed ## Animal Feed - **What is Nutrition?** Nutrition is the science of dealing with the utilization of food by the body processes which transforms food into body tissues and energy. - **Why is Nutrition Important?** To obtain and utilize surplus or unusable feed stuffs and convert them to desirable products such as meat, milk, eggs, fiber and work. ## What is a Nutrient? A single class of food or group of like foods that aids in the support of life and makes it possible for animals to grow or provide energy for physiological processes. - **Digestible Nutrient**. The portion of the nutrient which may be broken down (digested) and absorbed and used by the body. ## The Six Nutrients Needed: - Protein - Carbohydrates - Fats - Minerals - Vitamins - Water ## Proteins - Needed for growth and repair - Helps form muscles, internal organs, skin, hair, wool, feathers, hoofs and horns - Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen ### Examples of Proteins: 1. Meat and Bone Meal 2. Fish Meal 3. Soybean Meal 4. Cottonseed Meal 5. Dried Skim Milk 6. Amino Acids ## Carbohydrates - Furnish energy for body functions, growth and reproduction - The largest part of the animals food supply and usually the fibrous part of the diet - Include sugars, starch and cellulose are made of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen ## Fats - Furnish a concentrated source of energy, up to 2.25 times as much energy as carbohydrates do - Form cholesterol, steroids and other body compounds - Found in every cell in the body - Affect the condition of skin and hair - Are made of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, but contain much larger proportions of carbon and hydrogen than carbohydrates do - They also provide energy reserves, protection for vital organs, and they insulate the body. ## Minerals - Primarily found in bones and teeth - Important in blood for the carrying of oxygen - Regulates heartbeat with potassium, sodium and calcium. ## Vitamins - Are only needed in small amounts - Are essential for life and health - Provide a defense against disease, promote growth and reproduction - Contribute to the general health of the animal ## Water - Accounts for 70% or more of the composition of most plants and animals. ## FEED CLASSIFICATIONS 1. Roughages 2. Concentrates 3. Supplements ## Roughages - High in Fiber (over 19%) and relatively low in digestible nutrients. - Examples of roughages: - Alfalfa - Clover - Soybean - Oat hay - Corn Silage ## Concentrates - Are low in fiber (under 19%) and high in digestible nutrients. - Examples of concentrates: - Corn - Cottonseed - Barley - Oats - Sorghum ## Supplements - Supplements are extras that supply the body with additional nutrients. - Some of the supplements are minerals salt, copper, iodine and iron - Vitamin A and D are also very important to ruminant animals ## The Role of Silage in Various The document shows a picture of different types of minerals (salt, copper, and iron) and a caption that says "The role of Silage in Various". It is not clear what kind of a role silage plays in various things as the image is cut off.