Understanding Cognition, Emotion, and Behavior PDF

Understanding Cognition, Emotion, and Behavior The Hardest Thing in This World: Accepting Who You Are The battleground is always in the mind—our thoughts shape how we perceive ourselves and the world around us. Psychological Domains  Cognitive – Thoughts  Affective – Emotions  Ps...

Understanding Cognition, Emotion, and Behavior The Hardest Thing in This World: Accepting Who You Are The battleground is always in the mind—our thoughts shape how we perceive ourselves and the world around us. Psychological Domains  Cognitive – Thoughts  Affective – Emotions  Psychomotor – Behavior Cognitive: The Realm of Thoughts (According to Harley (?) Psychology)  Thoughts often manifest as questions: o Is my bodyline attractive? o Why does my father hate me?  Thoughts may vary depending on who you are with. Key Concepts:  Malcognition – Thoughts, whether positive or negative, that persist and cycle in the mind.  Maladaptive Thinking – Accepting and internalizing thoughts without challenge.  Metacognition – Thinking about thinking. "The heart is deceitful" – Sometimes, we convince ourselves of things as a form of escapism. Behavior: What We Show vs. What We Hide  Overt Behavior – Apparent, visible actions (Arena).  Covert Behavior – Hidden or concealed actions (Facade). Conditioning and Behavioral Learning  Operant Conditioning  Classical Conditioning (Ivan Pavlov) o Pavlov introduced a neutral stimulus (ringing bell).  o Over time, the neutral stimulus became a conditioned stimulus, triggering a conditioned response (salivation). Reinforcement & Motivation  Positive Reinforcement – Adding a favorable stimulus to increase behavior.  Negative Reinforcement – Removing an unfavorable stimulus to increase behavior.  Positive Motivation – Driven by rewards.  Negative Motivation – Driven by fear or avoidance. "Higher expectation leads to higher frustration." Social and Emotional Influences  "Birds of the same feather are the same birds." – Constant interaction fosters emotional connection.  Pressure from society and family affects self-perception. Cognitive Development Stages (Jean Piaget) 1. Sensorimotor Stage (Birth – 2 Years)  Learn through movement and sensations.  Develop basic actions: sucking, grasping, looking, listening.  Understand object permanence (things exist even when unseen).  Realize they are separate beings from their environment.  Understand that actions cause effects. 2. Preoperational Stage (2 – 7 Years)  Begin using symbols, words, and images to represent objects.  Egocentric thinking (struggle to see other perspectives).  Developing language and thought but still thinking in concrete terms. 3. Concrete Operational Stage (7 – 11 Years)  Logical thinking about concrete events.  Understand conservation (a liquid's volume remains the same despite container shape).  Thinking becomes more organized and logical.  Use inductive logic (specific observations → general principles). 4. Formal Operational Stage (12+ Years)  Develop abstract thinking.  Reason about hypothetical situations.  Engage in moral, philosophical, and ethical thinking.  Use deductive logic (general principles → specific conclusions).