Cell Structure and Function PDF

Dr Katja Vogt Cell Biology = Cytology @katjetz School of Medicine [email protected] [email protected] BSc Medical Sciences 1 Dr Katja Vogt  Dr Katja Vogt...

Dr Katja Vogt Cell Biology = Cytology @katjetz School of Medicine [email protected] [email protected] BSc Medical Sciences 1 Dr Katja Vogt  Dr Katja Vogt Cell Structure and Function Learning objectives ✓ Describe the components of the cell ✓ Explain the structure and function of major cell organelles ✓ Discuss the cell cytoskeleton ✓ Highlight the importance of cellular trafficking @katjetz [email protected] 3 [email protected] BSc Medical Sciences  Dr Katja Vogt The Cell @katjetz [email protected] 4 [email protected] BSc Medical Sciences  Dr Katja Vogt Cells come in many forms and shapes @katjetz [email protected] 5 [email protected] BSc Medical Sciences  Dr Katja Vogt #celltember  Dr Katja Vogt Neptun Jupiter Pluto Mars Earth Sun Uranus Saturn Venus  Dr Katja Vogt The Eukaryotic cell  Dr Katja Vogt The Eukaryotic cell Cell membrane Nucleus Ribosome Endoplasmatic reticulum Golgi Centriole Mitochondria  Dr Katja Vogt Ribosomes Large (60S) and Small (40S) subunit Includes rRNA to stabilise ribosomal structure Produced and assembled in the nucleolus Function: protein synthesis @katjetz [email protected] 10 [email protected] BSc Medical Sciences  Dr Katja Vogt Golgi apparatus Polysaccharide synthesis Modifying secretory products Sorting secretory products Packaging secretory products Concentrating and storing secretory products @katjetz [email protected] 11 [email protected] BSc Medical Sciences  Dr Katja Vogt Endoplasmatic reticulum Synthesises, packs and processes various molecules Two interchangeable forms Rough ER (RER) Smooth ER (SER) ✦ Proteinsynthesis sequestered from ✦ Participates in: the cytoplasm ‣ lipid metabolism ‣ secretory proteins ‣ steroid hormone synthesis ‣ intergral membrane proteins ‣ gluconeogenis ‣ lysosomal enzymes ‣ detoxification ✦ Core glycosylation  Dr Katja Vogt Vesicles Granules Lysosomes Peroxysomes Vesicles destined Has pH of 5 Participate in for exocytosis Contain hydrolytic hydrogen peroxide metabolism Abundant in enzymes Assist in fatty acid specialised Degradation of oxidation secretory cells material @katjetz [email protected] 13 [email protected] BSc Medical Sciences  Dr Katja Vogt Mitochondria The power-house of the cell Mitochondria (green) Microtubuli (red) Synthesise their own DNA and some proteins Grow and reproduce Can move rapidly and change shape  Dr Katja Vogt Mitochondria - structure Prokaryote relic Own DNA (mtDNA) - maternally inherited Outer membrane - permeable to molecules