Cell structure and function
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell?

  • Protein synthesis (correct)
  • Polysaccharide metabolism
  • Energy production
  • Lipid synthesis
  • Which organelle is responsible for packaging secretory products in a eukaryotic cell?

  • Golgi apparatus (correct)
  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • What is the function of the cell cytoskeleton?

  • Synthesizing proteins
  • Providing shape and structure to the cell (correct)
  • Storing genetic information
  • Stabilizing ribosomal structure
  • Which component stabilizes the ribosomal structure?

    <p>rRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the endoplasmic reticulum play in the cell?

    <p>Protein and lipid synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of cellular trafficking?

    <p>Allowing communication between organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cell is characterized by a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles?

    <p>Eukaryotic cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)?

    <p>Steroid hormone synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is primarily known as the 'powerhouse of the cell'?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of enzymes are contained in lysosomes?

    <p>Hydrolytic enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do mitochondria reproduce?

    <p>By binary fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH of lysosomes?

    <p>Acidic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about mitochondrial DNA is true?

    <p>It is maternally inherited.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do peroxisomes play in the cell?

    <p>Hydrogen peroxide metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Biology

    • Cell biology is also known as cytology
    • Dr. Katja Vogt is a researcher in cell biology
    • She is affiliated with the School of Medicine at University of Central Lancashire

    Cell Structure and Function

    • Key Learning Objectives:
      • Describe the components of the cell
      • Explain the structure and function of major cell organelles
      • Discuss the cell cytoskeleton
      • Highlight the importance of cellular trafficking

    The Eukaryotic Cell

    • The eukaryotic cell has many components:
      • Cell membrane
      • Nucleus
      • Ribosome
      • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
      • Golgi apparatus
      • Centriole
      • Mitochondria

    Ribosomes

    • Ribosomes are comprised of two subunits:
      • Large (60S)
      • Small (40S)
    • Include ribosomal RNA (rRNA) to stabilise ribosomal structure
    • Produced and assembled in the nucleolus
    • Function: protein synthesis

    Golgi Apparatus

    • The Golgi apparatus is responsible for:
      • Polysaccharide synthesis
      • Modifying secretory products
      • Sorting secretory products
      • Packaging secretory products
      • Concentrating and storing secretory products

    Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

    • The ER is responsible for synthesising, packing, and processing various molecules
    • There are two forms of ER:
      • Rough ER (RER)
      • Smooth ER (SER)

    Rough ER (RER)

    • The RER is responsible for:
      • Protein synthesis sequestered from the cytoplasm
      • Secretory proteins
      • Integral membrane proteins
      • Lysosomal enzymes
    • Function: Core glycosylation

    Smooth ER (SER)

    • The SER is responsible for:
      • Lipid metabolism
      • Steroid hormone synthesis
      • Gluconeogenesis
      • Detoxification

    Vesicles

    • Vesicles are compartments carrying various substances within the cell

    • Three types of vesicles:

      • Granules
      • Lysosomes
      • Peroxisomes

    Granules

    • Granules are vesicles destined for exocytosis
    • Abundant in specialised secretory cells

    Lysosomes

    • Lysosomes have a pH of 5
    • Contain hydrolytic enzymes
    • Function: Degradation of material

    Peroxisomes

    • Peroxisomes participate in hydrogen peroxide metabolism
    • Assist in fatty acid oxidation

    Mitochondria

    • Mitochondria are known as the power-house of the cell
    • Function: Synthesise their own DNA and some proteins
    • Mitochondria grow and reproduce
    • Can move rapidly and change shape

    Mitochondria - Structure

    • Mitochondria have a prokaryote relic
    • Contain their own DNA (mtDNA), which is maternally inherited
    • Has two membranes:
      • Outer membrane - permeable to molecules
      • Inner membrane - folded into cristae

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    Related Documents

    Cell Structure and Function PDF

    Description

    Explore the fundamental concepts of cell biology, including cell structure, organelles, and their functions. Understand the intricacies of eukaryotic cells and the essential role of ribosomes and the Golgi apparatus in cellular processes.

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