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Questions and Answers

What defines a matriline?

A family connection established through marriage.

A line of descent from a female ancestor to descendants. (correct)

A lineage based on legal adoption.

A line of descent from a male ancestor to descendants.

Which of the following is an example of kinship by marriage?

Cousins descending from a common ancestor.

Half-brothers sharing one parent.

Distant relatives connected through blood.

In-laws forming a familial bond. (correct)

What does consanguinity refer to?

Social ties that are non-biological in nature.

Any relationship formed by marriage.

Relationships formed through adoption.

Blood relationships descending from a common ancestor. (correct)

What is polygyny?

A form of marriage where one man marries several women. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following constitutes first-degree kinship?

Father, Mother, Son. Signup and view all the answers

Which kinship system allows a woman to have multiple husbands?

Polyandry. Signup and view all the answers

What does monogyny refer to?

A system where a male marries one female permanently. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these would be classified as third-degree kinship?

Uncle, Auntie, Great Grandson. Signup and view all the answers

What describes a patrilineal descent system?

Clan lineage is determined through male relatives. Signup and view all the answers

Which residency pattern involves a couple living at the husband's father's residence?

Patrilocal Signup and view all the answers

What defines a reconstituted family?

A family structure that includes children from previous relationships. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a neolocal residence pattern?

Establishing a new household in a separate location from both families. Signup and view all the answers

In which political structure is power bestowed upon a chief?

Chiefdom Signup and view all the answers

What does ambilocal residency allow a married couple to do?

Choose either the husband's or wife's family residence. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of a chiefdom?

Authority is centralized in a single chief. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of family is considered the basic element of society?

Nuclear family Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of Buddhism as taught by Siddhartha Gautama?

Reaching enlightenment (nirvana) to end suffering Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a health institution?

An organization dedicated to promoting, maintaining, and restoring health Signup and view all the answers

What does social stratification refer to in society?

The categorization of people into different societal groups Signup and view all the answers

What role does prestige play in social and political stratification?

It reinforces social inequality by granting access to resources and power. Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is NOT a core belief of Christianity?

Five Pillars of Islam Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a core belief of Buddhism?

The importance of individual wealth Signup and view all the answers

How do health institutions typically categorize themselves?

As either public, private, or for-profit entities Signup and view all the answers

What is the sacred text of Islam?

The Quran Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'social desirables' in the context of social stratification?

Factors that can confer respect and indicate social status Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a belief unique to Buddhism?

Concept of dharma Signup and view all the answers

Which major branch of Judaism is known for its strict adherence to traditional laws?

Orthodox Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly summarizes the characteristics of sacred texts in polytheistic beliefs?

They contain many deities but may also include a supreme, unifying force. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Five Pillars in Islam?

Practices that define a Muslim's faith Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following religions was founded in the 7th century CE?

Islam Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of Islam is characterized by a focus on the leadership of the community?

Shia Signup and view all the answers

Which religion places strong emphasis on the concepts of karma and samsara?

Buddhism Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a nuclear family?

A family structure consisting of two parents and their children Signup and view all the answers

How is reciprocity defined in the context of traditional societies?

The mutual exchange of goods, services, or favors Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of 'education as a basic right' imply?

Every individual has the right to access quality education Signup and view all the answers

What role do market transactions play in society?

They involve exchanges determined by supply and demand for money Signup and view all the answers

How does redistribution function in an economy?

By collecting and reallocating resources to promote economic fairness Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between markets and the state?

There is a balance between private markets and government regulations Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'transfers' refer to in an economic context?

Gifts given without expecting a return Signup and view all the answers

What influence do religion and belief systems have on societies?

They shape individual identities, cultures, and societies Signup and view all the answers

What does social mobility refer to?

The movement of individuals or families within social classes Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is often considered a major social desire due to its implications for success?

Wealth Signup and view all the answers

What does social inequality based on sex and gender involve?

Unequal treatment and opportunities afforded to individuals based on biological sex or gender identity Signup and view all the answers

How does gender inequality affect individuals in society?

It influences areas like education and employment differently based on gender Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of wealth in a society?

It symbolizes success and gives access to resources Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by ethnic minority status in social inequality?

Systemic disadvantages experienced by ethnic minority groups Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary reason many people seek power in society?

To enable themselves to influence others and gain access to resources Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of social status is commonly associated with wealth?

Symbolizing success and providing opportunities Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Kinship, Marriage, and the Household

Kinship is a social institution forming relations among members of a society, encompassing various social bonds.
Consanguinity, originating from Latin, describes kinship through blood relatives, those descended from a common ancestor.
Kinship by marriage refers to family ties established through marriage, connecting in-laws.
Polygyny involves a man marrying more than one woman, whereas monogamy is marrying a single partner.
Polyandry is when a woman marries more than one man; a reverse of polygamy.
Patrilineality traces descent through male ancestors.
Matrilineality traces descent through female ancestors.

Residency Patterns

Residency patterns in societies encompass various types such as patrilocal, matrilocal, ambilocal, and neolocal.
Patrilocal residency is when married couples live in the husband's family residence.
Matrilocal residency is when married couples live in the wife's family residence.
Ambilocal residency allows couples to choose either patrilocal or matrilocal residence.
Neolocal residency involves married couples establishing their own independent household.
Reconstituted families are blended families formed when couples have children from prior relationships.

Political and Leadership Structures

Political structure defines the organized distribution of power and decision-making processes within a society.
Centralized political systems are those where power is concentrated in a central authority.
Chiefdoms feature a hierarchical structure with a chief holding the highest authority.

Religion and Belief Systems

Religions and belief systems shape identities, cultures, and societies.
Christianity, founded around the 1st century CE, centres on the teachings of Jesus Christ.
Islam emerged in the 7th century CE, with the Quran as its sacred text and core beliefs of one God (Allah).
Judaism, originating in ancient Israel, encompasses a covenant with God.
Hinduism emerged in ancient India, including beliefs in dharma, karma, and reincarnation.

Educational Institutions

Educational institutions facilitate knowledge.
Education is often considered as a fundamental human right.

Health Institutions

Health institutions promote, maintain, and restore health through various services.
These institutions offer numerous services for different health needs.

Social stratification is how a society categorizes individuals into groups based on various factors forming a hierarchy.
Social desirability refers to characteristics, such as wealth or power, that are valued and sought after by societal members.
Social mobility refers to movement between different social levels.
Social inequalities in gender often lead to disparities in treatment, opportunities, and rights.
Ethnic minorities often face systemic disadvantages compared to the dominant group.
Global inequality reflects the uneven distribution of resources among nations.

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Final Examination