Language Typology Test PDF

## Language Typology Test ### Multiple-choice questions 1. Language typology and linguistic typology have the same object of study. a) no b) yes 2. Holistic approach to language typology means a) that the approach is incidental. b) that only some proper subpart of a language...

## Language Typology Test ### Multiple-choice questions 1. Language typology and linguistic typology have the same object of study. a) no b) yes 2. Holistic approach to language typology means a) that the approach is incidental. b) that only some proper subpart of a language's structure is covered. c) that the approach is integral. 3. Partial approach to language typology means a) that the approach is integral. b) that the classification is based on the analysis of a selected language construction and/or phenomenon. c) that one language can be matched with one language type. 4. Language type refers to a) a group of languages with similar linguistic features b) to a group of languages spoken in one area c) a group of genetically related languages 5. Three basic reasons for similarities between languages are: a) common origin, language contact, shared language environment b) there are only two reasons: common origin, language contact c) common origin, language contact and historical coincidence 6. Language universals are a) linguistic features that are shared by all natural languages b) words that exist in each spoken language c) differences between individual languages 7. Non-aprioristic structuralism suggests a) that categories that could be compared do not exist. b) there are many linguistic categories that are comparable. c) only a small group of linguistic categories are comparable. 8. Aprioristic generativism suggests a) that typologists' task is to find out what crosslinguistic categories are present in analyzed languages while these categories are defined independently of any particular language. b) there are many linguistic categories that are comparable c) that categories that could be compared do not exist. 9. Comparative concepts are a) innate. b) generalizations. c) lexemes 10. In aprioristic typology a) descriptive and comparative categories are different entities. b) descriptive and comparative categories are lexemes. c) descriptive and comparative categories are the same. 11. Who gave the name to language typology? a) Humboldt b) Sapir c) Gabelentz 12. Who is not a representative of the holistic approach to language typology? a) Greenberg b) Schlegel c) Humboldt 13. Vladimír Skalička was a representative of a) Greenbergian approach b) Leningrad group c) Prague Linguistic school 14. Match Jacob Grimm with one of the following options: a) historical grammar - Germanic Sound Shift b) revolutionary observation that Latin, Greek and Sanskrit are similar c) father of comparative grammar 15. Match Franz Bopp with one of the following options: a) language reflects the national Geist. b) father of comparative grammar c) language reflects the national Geist. 16. Match August Schleicher with one of the following options: a) language reflects the national Geist. b) genealogical relationships - language family trees. c) revolutionary observation that Latin, Greek and Sanskrit are similar. 17. Match William Jones with one of the following options: a) division of languages into types based on morphology. b) language reflects the national Geist. c) revolutionary observation that Latin, Greek and Sanskrit are similar. 18. Match Wilhelm von Humboldt with one of the following options: a) historical grammar - Germanic Sound Shift b) genealogical relationships - language family trees c) language reflects the national Geist 19. Match Rasmus Rask with one of the following options: a) language reflects the national Geist b) genetic relationships between Scandinavian and Germanic Languages, Greek and Latin, Lithuanian, Armenian and Slavonic language c) historical grammar - Germanic Sound Shift 20. Match Schlegel brothers with one of the following options: a) genealogical relationships - language family trees b) division of languages into types based on morphology c) historical grammar - Germanic Sound Shift 21. Language family is a group of languages a) that are in one specific area. b) that are genetically related. c) that are dialects of one language. 22. Genetic classification of languages is based on a) the common history of languages. b) the common area in which a group of languages is spoken. 23. Proto-language is a) an unattested and reconstructed language from which a number of attested known languages are believed to have descended. b) a language in one language family that has the highest number of speakers. c) the earliest form of one language, e.g. proto-English. 24. Phylum is a group of languages a) that do not have genetic relations to other languages. b) that create a subdivision of a language family. c) that share 10-20% of their vocabulary. 25. In a language's genus a) the time depth between languages is deeper than 3500-4000 years. b) the time depth between languages is not deeper than 3500-4000 years. 26. Language isolates a) are genera that do not display genetic similarities with any other genera. b) are languages that do not display genetic similarities with any other language. c) are language families that do not display genetic similarities with any other language families. 27. The largest language family according to the number of living languages is: a) Niger-Congo b) Indo-European c) Uralic 28. The largest language family according to the number of speakers is: a) Niger-Congo b) Uralic c) Indo-European 29. The Indo-European language family has .... genera a) 8 b) 9 c) 10 30. Cognates are words that a) are of the same etymological origin excluding loanwords b) create the core vocabulary c) result from language contact 31. According to the chapter on Vowel quality inventories, languages can be divided into a) 8 types (extra small, small, moderately small, average, moderately large, large, extra large). b) 3 types (small, average, large). c) 5 types (small, moderately small, average, moderately large, Large). 32. English is a language with a ......... vowel inventory. a) average b) small c) large 33. Polish is a language with ......... consonantal inventory. a) large b) average c) small 34. According to the chapter on Syllable structure, languages can be divided into a) 8 types (extra small, small, moderately small, average, moderately large, large, extra large) b) 3 types (simple, moderately complex, complex) c) 5 types (simple, moderately simple, average, moderately large, Large) 35. Polish is a language with ......... syllable structure. a) complex b) simple c) moderately complex 36. English is a language with ......... syllable structure. a) moderately complex b) complex c) simple 37. According to the chapter on Tone, languages can be divided into a) 3 types (no tone, simple tone system, complex tone system) b) 5 types (simple tone system, moderately simple tone system, average tone system, moderately large tone system, large tone system) c) such a typological classification does not exist 38. English is a language with ......... tone system. a) simple tone system b) none c) complex tone system 39. According to the chapter on Fixed stress locations, languages can be divided into 7 language types: No fixed stress, Initial, Second, Third, Antepenultimate, Penultimate, Ultimate. The Polish language can be classified as a language with .......... stress. a) second b) ultimate c) penultimate 40. Which of the following is a tonal language? a) Polish b) Chinese c) English 41. Index of synthesis asks a) how many morphemes are there in a word? b) how do morphemes usually build a word? 42. In analytic languages almost every word consists of one morpheme, the number of grammatical affixes is small. a) False b) True 43. Fusional languages build words by adding affixes, but usually not more than one or two in a single word. a) True b) False 44. Agglutinative languages build words by adding several derivational or inflectional affixes glued one after the other. a) False b) True 45. In polysynthetic languages words tend to consist of several morphemes, a verb and an object are incorporated into one word. a) False b) True 46. Analytical languages are typical of rich morphological synonymy/homonymy/polysemy. a) True b) False 47. In isolating languages internal changes replace inflection. a) False b) True 48. From the perspective of number of cases, Polish belongs to .... type. a) no morphological case-marking b) 6-7 case categories c) 4 case categories 49. From the perspective of presence of definite article in language. English belongs to .... type. a) definite affix b) no definite or indefinite article c) definite word distinct from demonstrative 50. Suffixation is cross linguistically the most widespread word-formation process. a) False b) True