Types of Interference and Communication Factors PDF

Types of Interference Physiological Noise External noise Semantic Language barrier Situation/Context -- refers to all the interrelated conditions in the communication process. Physiological Factors\ Physiological factors in communication refer to physical limitations or bodily conditions that c...

Types of Interference Physiological Noise External noise Semantic Language barrier Situation/Context -- refers to all the interrelated conditions in the communication process. Physiological Factors\ Physiological factors in communication refer to physical limitations or bodily conditions that can affect a person\'s ability to effectively send or receive messages, such as hearing loss, poor eyesight, illness, fatigue, pain, or even the effects of medication that might impair cognitive function; essentially, any physical state that impacts how someone can communicate clearly.\ \ Examples of physiological factors in communication: Hearing impairments: Difficulty understanding spoken words due to hearing loss. Visual impairments: Challenges in reading body language or interpreting visual cues due to poor eyesight. Speech impediments: Stuttering or other speech disorders that affect clarity of communication. Illness or pain: Feeling unwell or experiencing pain can distract attention and make it hard to focus on a conversation. Fatigue: Tiredness can impair cognitive function and make it difficult to process information effectively. Medication side effects: Some medications can cause drowsiness or other side effects that impact communication abilities. Stress: High levels of stress can affect concentration and ability to articulate thoughts clearly. Developmental disabilities: Conditions like autism spectrum disorder can affect communication patterns and understanding. Key points about physiological factors: They are related to the physical body and its limitations, impacting how someone can send or receive messages. These factors can be temporary (like fatigue) or long-term (like hearing loss). Recognizing and addressing physiological barriers is important for effective communication, which may involve adjustments like using visual aids, speaking clearly, or providing breaks.\ \ Psychological Factors\ Psychological factors in communication refer to mental and emotional states that influence how a person interprets and responds to messages, including factors like stress, anxiety, personal biases, perceptions, and emotions, which can significantly affect the effectiveness of communication; for example, someone feeling stressed might misinterpret a colleague\'s feedback as criticism, or a strong personal bias could lead to selective perception of information. Key examples of psychological factors in communication: Perception: How an individual interprets information based on their personal experiences and beliefs. Selective perception: Tendency to focus on information that aligns with existing beliefs and disregard conflicting information. Emotional state: Current mood or emotions like anger, sadness, or happiness impacting communication. Filtering: Intentionally withholding or distorting information to manage someone\'s reaction. Distrust: Lack of confidence in the other person\'s intentions, leading to negative interpretations. Defensiveness: Reacting negatively to perceived criticism, even when not intended. Stereotyping: Making assumptions about someone based on their group membership Cognitive dissonance: Feeling discomfort when beliefs contradict actions, potentially leading to communication avoidance Example scenarios: A stressed employee might misinterpret a casual question from their manager as an accusation due to their heightened emotional state. A person with a strong prejudice against a certain group might dismiss information from someone belonging to that group, even if it\'s relevant. A salesperson might downplay negative aspects of a product to a potential customer to secure a sale, demonstrating filtering. Social Factors\ Social factors in communication refer to aspects of a social environment that influence how people communicate, including things like culture, social norms, gender roles, power dynamics, and social class, which can impact the way messages are interpreted and delivered; for example, using formal language with a superior at work, or adjusting greetings based on the cultural context of the person you\'re speaking to. Examples of social factors influencing communication: Culture: Direct vs. Indirect communication: In some cultures, people are very direct in their communication, while others prefer to be more indirect and use hints. Greetings and salutations: Different cultures have different ways of greeting each other, like bowing in Japan or shaking hands in Western cultures. Non-verbal cues: Gestures and facial expressions can vary significantly between cultures. Social Norms: Appropriate topics of conversation: What is considered appropriate to discuss in a professional setting may differ from what is appropriate with friends. Level of formality: Using slang with close friends versus formal language in a business meeting. Turn-taking in conversation: Understanding when to speak and listen in a conversation. Gender Roles: Communication style: Some studies suggest women may use more affiliative language while men may be more assertive. Power dynamics: Gender can influence power dynamics in a conversation, potentially affecting how someone expresses their opinion. Social Class: Vocabulary usage: People from different socioeconomic backgrounds may use different vocabulary and speech patterns. Conversational topics: Discussions might differ based on social class, with some topics being more relevant to certain groups. Power Dynamics: Language choice: Using more deferential language when speaking to someone in a higher power position. Non-verbal cues: Body language can reflect power dynamics, like maintaining eye contact or posture. Factors Affecting Communication Process Psychological Factors \- refers to the communication mood 2\. Cultural Factors \- refers to values and norms shared by group 3\. Physical Factors \- refers to place, time and environmental condition 4\. Social Factors \- refers to the nature of relationship between the communicators 5\. Historical Factors \- refers to previous communication incidents between communications that may effect the way they deal