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TRS350 Translation of English Texts Unit 1 The Translational Situation Dr. Jamal Mohamed Gaber What is ‘translational situation’? What is ‘translational situation’? The term ‘translational situation’ refers to the conditions under which the translation is carr...
TRS350 Translation of English Texts Unit 1 The Translational Situation Dr. Jamal Mohamed Gaber What is ‘translational situation’? What is ‘translational situation’? The term ‘translational situation’ refers to the conditions under which the translation is carried out (Sin-wai 2004). These conditions include the context, the the the who request person translation translation commissioner, the translation the setofguidelines isgivenbythe commissioner task, the translation brief, the translator, revisertoarea ifthereiserrors the translation reviser and the translation Thedate on the date orhour submission deadline. something important The Translation Commissioner He will ask to do some specific things from the translator The translation commissioner is “the individual or agency which requests a translation” (Munday, 2009: 173). The commissioner asks the translator to produce a target text for a particular purpose and audience/addressee. The commissioner may influence the production of the target text (the translation), perhaps by demanding a particular text format or terminology (Nord, 1997:20) as part of the specifications given in a translation brief. The Translation Task Translation task is the translation job or assignment to be carried out by a translator (or a team of translators) according to specific instructions given within a translation brief. Translation tasks vary in material type and length and therefore vary in the time needed for their completion. The Translation Brief theyhavetostick to the brief The translation brief (or translation commission) is the set of specifications or instructions given by a client (commissioner) to the translator in relation to a particular translation job. A brief can give information as to the purpose of the translated text, the client or intended audience, the stylistic guidelines to be followed, the terminology to be preferred, language combination, the deadline, reference material and other aspects such as layout and formatting. (Palumbo, 2009: 124-125). The Function of Translation Brief it is like acheck list andworkaackeen list The key function of a translation brief is to make sure nothing is left to chance – you have communicated all important aspects of the translation project. This will help the translator understand the type of content you need translated and to gather information about the intended target audience. This leads to an accurate and purpose-oriented translation outcome. http://oncallinterpreters.co.uk/2016/07/12/write-translation-brief/ An Example of a Translation Brief Template https://www.translatemedia.com/wp- content/themes/translatemedia/media/creative-translation- brief.pdf notwified has theirown templates institution Every everycompanyhas Differentneeds The Translator The translator is the main element in the translational situation whose role is essential for the completion of the translation task. The translator can be an individual or a team that carries out the translation task requested by a translation commissioner according to a given translation brief. The Translation Reviser Heis anexperienced translator He isthefinaltitter A person who verifies the quality of translated texts within professional translation projects. The reviser checks and edits the translation according to translation quality parameters and in view of the given translation brief. The reviser is usually an experienced translator with revision and editing skills. The Deadline The deadline in a translational situation is the time or date before which a particular translation task must be finished or submitted. By definition, deadlines constitute real challenges to translators and can have direct bearing on the quality of translation. In professional situations, meeting deadlines is regarded as a key characteristic of a good translator. Practicing the Writing of Translation Briefs 1. Read each given text carefully to understand its context, audience, function, etc. 2. Imagine a translation situation in which each text is to be translated. 3. Write a translation brief for each text based on your analysis of each text and imagined translation situation. Text 1 A Child Dies in Heavy Rain A child died and seven of his family members were injured during heavy rain. The four-year-old Indian boy was in a vehicle that was involved in an accident in the central region of Sharjah on Sunday afternoon. Sharjah Police said the crash took place near Junction 10 on Al Dhaid Road, when the driver tried to avoid a pool of water and lost control of the vehicle, which swerved and then rolled several times. Police and an ambulance crew arrived at the scene and the boy was taken to Al Dhaid Hospital, but he was pronounced dead on arrival. His family sustained moderate to severe injuries and were taken to Al Qasimi Hospital for treatment. The boy’s death was the second known to have been caused by the heavy rain after an Emirati in his 20s lost control of his car in Fujairah the same day. In Ras Al Khaimah, the country’s highest peak, Jebel Jais, was closed from Sunday morning until yesterday morning after heavy rain had caused flooding. Police and the Public Works and Services Department had to drain water from the road leading up to the mountain and then conduct safety checks before the route was reopened to tourists and mountaineers, said Captain Khalid Al Naqbi, head of the media department at RAK Police. Text 2 Linguistics Linguistics is the science of language. As a science, it is concerned to develop theories and evaluate them on the basis of objective data. Measurement and experiment are also features of some branches of linguistics. Central to modern linguistics is the study of languages as formal systems through grammar, phonology, and semantics. Also important is the study of the way language is used by speakers, and the way it functions in society. Modern linguistics is mainly synchronic (concerned with languages at a single point in time), but some work is diachronic (concerned with language change over time). A further important distinction is between theoretical or descriptive linguistics, which is concerned to increase our understanding of language, and applied linguistics, which seeks to use this understanding in various ways, especially in connection with language teaching. Historical linguistics studies the development of particular languages and their relationship to each other. Text 3 The Old Man and the Sea He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish. In the first forty days a boy had been with him. But after forty days without a fish the boy’s parents had told him that the old man was now definitely and finally salao, which is the worst form of unlucky, and the boy had gone at their orders in another boat which caught three good fish the first week. It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his skiff empty and he always went down to help him carry either the coiled lines or the gaff and harpoon and the sail that was furled around the mast. The sail was patched with flour sacks and, furled, it looked like the flag of permanent defeat. The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of his neck. The brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks. The blotches ran well down the sides of his face and his hands had the deep-creased scars from handling heavy fish on the cords. But none of these scars were fresh. They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert. Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated. Thank You!
