Transfusion intro to transfusion part 1 of 2 week 18.pptx

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Introduction to Transfusion Science aka ‘Red Cell Immunohaematology’ Path Sci 1 Geoff White 1 Aims and Outcomes the aim of this session is for you to gain an understanding of:  the integrated role of Transfusion Science in the provision of multi-disciplinary patient healthcare  stages of the ‘Tran...

Introduction to Transfusion Science aka ‘Red Cell Immunohaematology’ Path Sci 1 Geoff White 1 Aims and Outcomes the aim of this session is for you to gain an understanding of:  the integrated role of Transfusion Science in the provision of multi-disciplinary patient healthcare  stages of the ‘Transfusion Journey’  awareness of Stem Cell transplantation as a result of this session you should be able to:  discuss historical aspects of Blood Transfusion  state the different stages of the Transfusion Journey  provide examples of different types of transplantation Historical Aspects of Blood Transfusion Blood as life restoring / preserving medium Vlad the impaler Elizabeth Bathory Historical Aspects of Blood Transfusion Roman Gladiators 1494 : first known record (Pope Innocent VIII) 1628 : blood circulation (William Harvey) 1660-70 : animal transfusions  Dr Richard Lower  Jean Denis 19th Century : James Blundell - the ‘Father of Blood Transfusion  transfusions must be same species  Late 19 Century in US  milk tried as a blood substitute (courtesy of D.Day) The History of Blood Transfusion three major advances reduced risk of adverse reactions  allowed indirect transfusions; safe therapeutic procedure 1900 : ABO Blood Groups (Karl Landsteiner)  1914 : anticoagulant  1915 : refrigeration  1917 : Battle of Cambrai 1921 : Percy Oliver : voluntary donors WW2 Army Blood Service established Transfusion Centres in major cities 1946 : National Blood Transfusion Service  2005 became NHS BT Donating Blood – from Direct to Indirect Transfusions! (from Petz et al., 1996) (from Petz et al., 1996) (From Gunson & Dodsworth, 1996) Transfusion Science ‘Discipline’  integrated role in multi-disciplinary diagnosis & treatment Hist opat holo gy Microbiology logy o n u Imm Transfusion & Transplantation cular e l o M gy Biolo Haematology & Haemostasis Biochemistry Scope of Transfusion Science  Knowledge and Practical Competence Platelet Immunology Transplantation Transfusion Stem Ce Scientific Evidence Blood Donation Transplantation practice Immunohaematological Conditions Transfusion practice & Treatment gan r O d Soli Regulations & Guidelines ll Constituents of Blood Plasma ‘Buffy Coat’: includes White Cells & Platelets Red Cells Schools Education: Paul Watson 2006 Blood - Functions and Components Primary Functions - transport oxygen, remove waste - plug wounds to prevent further blood loss - fights disease Components - red cells (erythrocytes) white cells (leucocytes) platelets (thrombocytes) plasma (contains clotting factors & antibodies) Diagnostic observations in Blood Samples ? Disease ?Disease ?Disease Treatment of these diseases will require Transfusion Support The Transfusion Journey - Collecting Blood Donations?  Medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis bloodsucking worm  anticoagulant ‘hirudin is component of saliva Role of NHS BT (Blood & Transplant) donor focussed  safe processing of donor blood  maintain supply of blood components and products for therapeutic use patient focussed  act as Reference labs   to support Hospital ‘Blood Banks’ with red cell crossmatch difficulties in specialist areas of TS (e.g. platelet immunology)  Transplant Centres (Stem, Tissue and Organ Donations) research & development provide education programmes for Hospital staff

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