Transfusion intro to transfusion part 1 of 2 week 18.pptx
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Introduction to Transfusion Science aka ‘Red Cell Immunohaematology’ Path Sci 1 Geoff White 1 Aims and Outcomes the aim of this session is for you to gain an understanding of: the integrated role of Transfusion Science in the provision of multi-disciplinary patient healthcare stages of the ‘Tran...
Introduction to Transfusion Science aka ‘Red Cell Immunohaematology’ Path Sci 1 Geoff White 1 Aims and Outcomes the aim of this session is for you to gain an understanding of: the integrated role of Transfusion Science in the provision of multi-disciplinary patient healthcare stages of the ‘Transfusion Journey’ awareness of Stem Cell transplantation as a result of this session you should be able to: discuss historical aspects of Blood Transfusion state the different stages of the Transfusion Journey provide examples of different types of transplantation Historical Aspects of Blood Transfusion Blood as life restoring / preserving medium Vlad the impaler Elizabeth Bathory Historical Aspects of Blood Transfusion Roman Gladiators 1494 : first known record (Pope Innocent VIII) 1628 : blood circulation (William Harvey) 1660-70 : animal transfusions Dr Richard Lower Jean Denis 19th Century : James Blundell - the ‘Father of Blood Transfusion transfusions must be same species Late 19 Century in US milk tried as a blood substitute (courtesy of D.Day) The History of Blood Transfusion three major advances reduced risk of adverse reactions allowed indirect transfusions; safe therapeutic procedure 1900 : ABO Blood Groups (Karl Landsteiner) 1914 : anticoagulant 1915 : refrigeration 1917 : Battle of Cambrai 1921 : Percy Oliver : voluntary donors WW2 Army Blood Service established Transfusion Centres in major cities 1946 : National Blood Transfusion Service 2005 became NHS BT Donating Blood – from Direct to Indirect Transfusions! (from Petz et al., 1996) (from Petz et al., 1996) (From Gunson & Dodsworth, 1996) Transfusion Science ‘Discipline’ integrated role in multi-disciplinary diagnosis & treatment Hist opat holo gy Microbiology logy o n u Imm Transfusion & Transplantation cular e l o M gy Biolo Haematology & Haemostasis Biochemistry Scope of Transfusion Science Knowledge and Practical Competence Platelet Immunology Transplantation Transfusion Stem Ce Scientific Evidence Blood Donation Transplantation practice Immunohaematological Conditions Transfusion practice & Treatment gan r O d Soli Regulations & Guidelines ll Constituents of Blood Plasma ‘Buffy Coat’: includes White Cells & Platelets Red Cells Schools Education: Paul Watson 2006 Blood - Functions and Components Primary Functions - transport oxygen, remove waste - plug wounds to prevent further blood loss - fights disease Components - red cells (erythrocytes) white cells (leucocytes) platelets (thrombocytes) plasma (contains clotting factors & antibodies) Diagnostic observations in Blood Samples ? Disease ?Disease ?Disease Treatment of these diseases will require Transfusion Support The Transfusion Journey - Collecting Blood Donations? Medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis bloodsucking worm anticoagulant ‘hirudin is component of saliva Role of NHS BT (Blood & Transplant) donor focussed safe processing of donor blood maintain supply of blood components and products for therapeutic use patient focussed act as Reference labs to support Hospital ‘Blood Banks’ with red cell crossmatch difficulties in specialist areas of TS (e.g. platelet immunology) Transplant Centres (Stem, Tissue and Organ Donations) research & development provide education programmes for Hospital staff