University of Santo Tomas Grade 8 Science PDF

ENGAGE Catch Your Breath: The Rhythm of Respiration At REST After ZUMBA  Catch Your Breath: The Rhythm of Respiration What did you notice about your breathing rate after dancing? Why do you think your breathing rate increased after dancing? GRADE 8 SCIENCE...

ENGAGE Catch Your Breath: The Rhythm of Respiration At REST After ZUMBA  Catch Your Breath: The Rhythm of Respiration What did you notice about your breathing rate after dancing? Why do you think your breathing rate increased after dancing? GRADE 8 SCIENCE TOPIC 2.3 HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM MRS. MA. VICTORIA L. TORRES  LESSON OBJECTIVE/S At the end of the session, you are expected to: 1. identify the key parts of the respiratory system and describe their function; 2. explain the process of respiration (inhaling and exhaling); and 3. explain the mechanism of how the respiratory and circulatory systems work together.  HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM FUNCTIONS air air air air It transport air into and out of It allows exchange of O2 It protect against inhaled air lungs. and CO2. particles.  WHAT IS RESPIRATION? It is the biochemical process in which the cells of an organism obtain energy by combining oxygen and glucose, resulting in the release of carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. Or simply, it is the overall exchange of gases.  FOUR PHASES OF RESPIRATION EXTERNAL BREATHING INTERNAL RESPIRATION CELLULAR RESPIRATION RESPIRATION It is the physical action of It is between the air and blood It is between the blood and It uses O₂ to break down sugar in taking in O₂ into and releasing CO2. within the lungs. cells. food, produces energy in cells and releases CO₂as waste product EXPLORE Inhale, Exhale: Build a lung masterpiece Work with your groupmates to explore the simulation and the worksheet for 10 minutes WORKSHEET SIMULATION WHAT HAPPENS WHEN WE BREATHE? PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM NASAL CAVITY NOSE It is where air enters. It has cilia that filter dust and pathogens. The external opening of the nose is the nostrils or anterior nares. PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM PHARYNX It is a muscular tube which food, water and air pass through. EPIGLOTTIS PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM LARYNX It is also known as voice box. It serves as passageway of air and supported by curved pieces of cartilage.  PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TRACHEA It is a hollow muscular tubular structure also known as wind pipe. It provides a clear airway for air to enter and exit the lungs. PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM BRONCHI It refers to two smaller pipes from trachea. One leads to right lung, the other to the left lung. It provide also as passageway for air to the lungs. PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM BRONCHIOLES It is a smaller tubes with clusters of alveoli. A CLOSER LOOK… PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ALVEOLI It is also known as air sacs. It is the site of respiration in the lungs. Each alveolus is surrounded by tiny blood vessels, or capillaries. A CLOSER LOOK…  GAS EXCHANGE BETWEEN ALVEOLI AND CAPILLARIES The walls of alveoli are thin and moist. That is why gasses can easily diffuse across the membrane of the alveolus. After CO₂ has passed from the blood through the capillary and the alveolar wall, it is breathed out by lungs. Oxygen that enters the lungs goes through the alveolar and capillary walls and goes into bloodstream to enter body cells. PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM It is the main organ of respiratory system. It occupy twin cavities, one on each side of the chest. It is spongy and are covered by a double membrane that secretes mucus. LUNGS  PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM LUNGS taken in and transported to different O₂ parts of the body CO₂ expelled out back to atmosphere PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM It separates chest cavity from abdominal cavity. DIAPHRAGM It is a dome-shaped muscle that allow you to breathe in and breathe out. It is the main muscle for breathing. WHAT HAPPENS TO DIAPHRAGM WHEN WE BREATHE?  HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Nasal Cavity Pharynx Nose Larynx Trachea Bronchi Diaphragm Bronchioles Alveoli RELATIONSHIP OF RESPIRATORY AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS STUDY THE DIAGRAM TO UNDERSTAND THE RELATIONSHIP CIRCULATION AND GAS EXCHANGE Recall the interconnection between circulation and the respiratory system. Gas exchange at the lungs and in the body cells moves oxygen into cells and carbon dioxide out.  LESSON SYNTHESIS Today, you learned that… 1. The passageway of air into the respiratory system is in the following order: nose – nasal cavity – pharynx – larynx – trachea – bronchi – bronchioles – alveoli.; 2. A respiratory cycle consists of one inhalation and one exhalation. When the diaphragm and rib cage muscles contract, the chest cavity expands. This reduces pressure in the lungs, drawing air in. When these muscles relax and the chest cavity shrinks, the pressure in the lungs increases and pushes air out. 3. Respiratory system exchange O₂ and CO₂ with air or water, often in conjunction with a circulatory system that transports gases within the body. GRADE 8 SCIENCE TOPIC 2.4 MAINTAINING A HEALTHY RESPIRATORY AND CIRCULATORY SYSTEM MRS. MA. VICTORIA L. TORRES  LESSON OBJECTIVE/S At the end of the session, you are expected to: 1. explain how one’s lifestyle can affect the functioning of respiratory and circulatory systems Philippine records 300,000 cases of acute respiratory infection (2022) During the second quarter of 2022, a total of 340,031 people suffered from acute respiratory infection. Of the 340,031 cases, 177,946 were females while 162,085 were males. The Philippine Star November 2, 2022 PSA: Heart diseases leading cause of death in PH (2022) In a recent PSA survey posted, ischaemic heart diseases — or the weakening of the heart caused by reduced blood flow — caused 103,628 deaths, or 18.4% of the total deaths in the country last year. CNN Philippines April 13, 2023 THE ORGAN STORY  THE ORGAN STORY Questions What are Lloyd's habits? Are those good practices or not? What effect has this practice had on his health? What happened to Lloyd? If you were a friend of Lloyd, what would be your advice to him? What can we learn from the organ story? MAINTAINING A HEALTHY HEART AND LUNGS  SOME WAYS TO MAINTAIN A HEALTHY CIRCULATORY AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM No alcohol or Proper nutrition Exercise Proper hygiene Manage stress cigarettes WHICH PATH WOULD YOU CHOOSE? SDG 3 GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING  ELABORATE GUT FEELINGS: CASE STUDY ABOUT DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DISORDER Read the case studies and identify what respiratory system problem is presented. Bronchitis Pneumonia Asthma Emphysema  CASE STUDY 1 Bronchitis Patient Profile: A 34-year-old man comes to the doctor with a cough, feeling tired, and trouble breathing for the past week. Pneumonia Asthma Details: The man smokes and works in construction. Emphysema The doctor finds that his chest sounds a little wheezy, and he has a mild fever. The doctor listens to his chest and hears a lot of crackling sounds when he breathes out.  CASE STUDY 1 Patient Profile: A 34-year-old man comes to the doctor with a cough, feeling tired, and trouble breathing for the past week. Details: The man smokes and works in construction. The doctor finds that his chest sounds a little wheezy, and he has a mild fever. The doctor listens to his chest and hears a lot of crackling sounds when he breathes out. Bronchitis  CASE STUDY 2 Patient Profile: A 68-year-old female presents with fever, Bronchitis chills, cough, and difficulty breathing for the past 5 days. Pneumonia Details: Asthma The patient has a history of hypertension, diabetes, and a recent cold. Emphysema Physical examination reveals tachypnea, low oxygen saturation (88%), and crackles in the lower lung fields. Chest X-ray shows consolidation in the right lower lobe, and sputum culture identifies Streptococcus pneumoniae. Blood tests show elevated white blood cell count (WBC).  CASE STUDY 2 Patient Profile: A 68-year-old female presents with fever, chills, cough, and difficulty breathing for the past 5 days. Details: The patient has a history of hypertension, diabetes, and a recent cold. Physical examination reveals tachypnea, low oxygen saturation (88%), and crackles in the lower lung fields. Chest X-ray shows consolidation in the right lower lobe, and sputum culture identifies Streptococcus pneumoniae. Blood tests show elevated white blood cell count (WBC). Pneumonia  CASE STUDY 3 Patient Profile: A 15-year-old female presents with wheezing, Bronchitis shortness of breath, and chest tightness, especially at night Pneumonia and after exercise. Details: Asthma The patient has a family history of asthma and seasonal allergies. Emphysema Physical examination reveals wheezing on forced expiration and prolonged expiration. The patient reports her symptoms worsen in cold weather and after exposure to pollen.  CASE STUDY 3 Patient Profile: A 15-year-old female presents with wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness, especially at night and after exercise. Details: The patient has a family history of asthma and seasonal allergies. Physical examination reveals wheezing on forced expiration and prolonged expiration. The patient reports her symptoms worsen in cold weather and after exposure to pollen. Asthma  CASE STUDY 4 Patient Profile: A 58-year-old male presents with progressive Bronchitis shortness of breath, chronic cough, and difficulty breathing Pneumonia during physical activity. Asthma Details: He has smoked for many years. Emphysema The doctor notices that he has trouble breathing and his chest is puffed out. A breathing test shows that his lungs have trouble getting air out. An X-ray shows that his lungs are stretched out and not working properly  CASE STUDY 4 Patient Profile: A 58-year-old male presents with progressive shortness of breath, chronic cough, and difficulty breathing during physical activity. Details: He has smoked for many years. The doctor notices that he has trouble breathing and his chest is puffed out. A breathing test shows that his lungs have trouble getting air out. An X-ray shows that his lungs are stretched out and not working properly Emphysema  LESSON SYNTHESIS Today, you learned that… 1. Diet and lifestyle choices may have a significant impact on the respiratory, and circulatory systems. A healthy lifestyle through constant exercise and diet affects the functioning of the respiratory system by ensuring that the blood gets enough oxygen and ensuring that enough carbon dioxide is released. EVALUATE LEARNING ACTIVITY 2.2  REFERENCES Hoefnagels, Marielle (2019). Second Edition: General Biology (Books I and II). McGrawHill Education pages 535-544 Hoefnagels, Marielle (2019). Second Edition: General Biology (Books I and II). McGrawHill Education pages 545-551 Whittemore, Susan (2014). Your Body. How It Works. The Respiratory System (e-book/lib) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y5rita8a9_E