Computer Applications Lecture Week 3 PDF

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS LECTURE WEEK 3 BY: AISHA LAWAL COMPUTER APPLICATION IN BUSINESS  A computer has high speed of calculation, diligence, accuracy, reliability, or versatility which has made it an integrated part in all business organizations.  Computer is used in business...

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS LECTURE WEEK 3 BY: AISHA LAWAL COMPUTER APPLICATION IN BUSINESS  A computer has high speed of calculation, diligence, accuracy, reliability, or versatility which has made it an integrated part in all business organizations.  Computer is used in business organizations for −  Payroll calculations  Budgeting  Sales analysis  Financial forecasting  Managing employee database  Maintenance of stocks, etc. COMPUTER APPLICATION IN BANKING  Today, banking is almost totally dependent on computers.  Banks provide the following facilities −  Online accounting facility, which includes checking current balance, making deposits and overdrafts, checking interest charges, shares, and trustee records.  ATM machines which are completely automated are making it even easier for customers to deal with banks. COMPUTER APPLICATION IN INSURANCE  Insurance companies are keeping all records up-to-date with the help of computers. Insurance companies, finance houses, and stock broking firms are widely using computers for their concerns.  Insurance companies are maintaining a database of all clients with information showing −  Procedure to continue with policies  Starting date of the policies  Next due installment of a policy  Maturity date  Interests due  Survival benefits  Bonus COMPUTER APPLICATION IN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM  The computer helps in providing a lot of facilities in the education system.  The computer provides a tool in the education system known as CBE (Computer Based Education).  CBE involves control, delivery, and evaluation of learning.  Computer education is rapidly increasing the graph of number of computer students.  There are a number of methods in which educational institutions can use a computer to educate the students.  It is used to prepare a database about performance of a student and analysis is carried out on this basis. COMPUTER APPLICATION IN MARKETING  In marketing, uses of the computer are following −  Advertising − With computers, advertising professionals create art and graphics, write and revise copy, and print and disseminate ads with the goal of selling more products.  Home Shopping − Home shopping has been made possible through the use of computerized catalogues that provide access to product information and permit direct entry of orders to be filled by the customers. COMPUTER APPLICATION IN HEALTHCARE  Computers have become an important part in hospitals, labs, and dispensaries. They are being used in hospitals to keep the record of patients and medicines. It is also used in scanning and diagnosing different diseases. ECG, EEG, ultrasounds and CT scans, etc. are also done by computerized machines.  Following are some major fields of health care in which computers are used.  Diagnostic System − Computers are used to collect data and identify the cause of illness.  Lab-diagnostic System − All tests can be done and the reports are prepared by computer.  Patient Monitoring System − These are used to check the patient's signs for abnormality such as in Cardiac Arrest, ECG, etc.  Pharma Information System − Computer is used to check drug labels, expiry dates, harmful side effects, etc.  Surgery − Nowadays, computers are also used in performing surgery. COMPUTER APPLICATION IN ENGINEERING DESIGN  Computers are widely used for Engineering purpose.  One of the major areas is CAD (Computer Aided Design) that provides creation and modification of images. Some of the fields are −  Structural Engineering − Requires stress and strain analysis for design of ships, buildings, budgets, air planes, etc.  Industrial Engineering − Computers deal with design, implementation, and improvement of integrated systems of people, materials, and equipment.  Architectural Engineering − Computers help in planning towns, designing buildings, determining a range of buildings on a site using both 2D and 3D drawings. COMPUTER APPLICATION IN MILITARY  Computers are largely used in defense. Modern tanks, missiles, weapons, etc. Military also employs computerized control systems. Some military areas where a computer has been used are −  Missile Control  Military Communication  Military Operation and Planning  Smart Weapons COMPUTER APPLICATION IN COMMUNICATION  Communication is a way to convey a message, an idea, a picture, or speech that is received and understood clearly and correctly by the person for whom it is meant. Some main areas in this category are −  E-mail  Chatting  Usenet  FTP  Telnet  Video-conferencing COMPUTER APPLICATION IN GOVERNMENT  Computers play an important role in government services. Some major fields in this category are −  Budgets  Sales tax department  Income tax department  Computation of male/female ratio  Computerization of voters lists  Computerization of PAN card  Weather forecasting Computer - History and Evolution  The history of computers is a fascinating journey that spans centuries of innovation and technological advancement. Below summarizes the historical development of a computer −  3000 BCE Abacus: This is the earliest computing device. This was used to do basic arithmetic calculations. In this computer, beads were moved along rods to represent numbers.  17th century Mechanical Calculators : Mechanical methods were introduced to perform arithmetic calculations. Mechanical calculators are devices that perform mathematical calculations using mechanical mechanisms rather than electronic components. These calculators were widely used before the advent of electronic calculators and computers. The popular devices of this century were Pascaline and Stepped Reckoner. Computer - History and Evolution  18th century Mechanical computer : Mechanical devices and ideas that were important precursors to the development of computers and automation were introduced. It uses mechanical components, such as gears, levers, and switches, to perform calculations and process information. The popular mechanical devices developed during 18th century were Step Reckoner, Turk's Head, Difference Engine, Analytical Engine. Computer - History and Evolution  19th century Electromechanical Computers Computers developed during 19th century were crucial in shaping the concepts and ideas that eventually led to the creation of the computers we use today. Most of the devices were based on the combination of mechanical and electrical switches to perform computation. The 19th century was the time where invention of computing devices was more and more. The size of computer was reduced and the devices with large storage and high computations were introduced. Interconnectivity with multiple devices and data sharing, remote accessing were recorded as the features of the computers which makes it popular in the world and make the computer as most demandable computing device in the world. ENIAC (1945) Stored-Program Computers (1940s-1950s) Transistors and Integrated Circuits (1950s-1960s) Minicomputers (1960s-1970s) Microprocessors and Personal Computers (1970s-1980s) Graphical User Interfaces (1980s-1990s) Internet and World Wide Web (1990s) Computer - History and Evolution  20th century Laptops, Smartphones, and Tablets (2000s- Present) 20th century is the time where computer technology is the next level. Portable and light weighted high computing devices are introduced and in trend. Cloud Computing technology makes the internet as a more useful platform to keep the data centralize in terms of accessing and its computation on server. Hence, cloud computing involves delivering various services over the internet, such as computing power, storage, and applications. The 20th century saw significant developments in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) also. AI technologies began to be integrated into various applications, such as speech recognition, image processing, natural language processing, and robotics. These developments set the stage for the further evolution of AI in the 21st century, where the focus shifted toward more data- driven approaches. Cloud Computing and AI(Most demandable in cutting edge technology Computer - History and Evolution summary  The history of computers is marked by a continuous cycle of innovation, with each generation building upon the achievements of the previous one. This overview provides just a glimpse into the rich and complex evolution of computing technology.  The history of computers let us know the advancements of computing devices as per the time; as years goes the new version of computers were developed.