National Building Code of the Philippines PDF

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1096  CHAPTER 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS SECTION 101. Title Shall be known as “National Building Code of the Philippines”. SECTION 102. Declaration of Policy Declared to be the policy of the State to safegu...

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1096  CHAPTER 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS SECTION 101. Title Shall be known as “National Building Code of the Philippines”. SECTION 102. Declaration of Policy Declared to be the policy of the State to safeguard life, health, property, and public welfare, consistent with the principles of sound environmental management and control. SECTION 103. Scope and Application Shall apply to the design, location, siting, construction, alteration, repair, conversion, use, occupancy, maintenance, moving, demolition of, and addition to public and private buildings and structures. SECTION 104. General Building Requirements a. All buildings or structures shall conform to the principles of safe construction and must be suited to the purpose for which they are designed. b. Buildings or structures shall observe adequate environmental safeguards. c. Buildings or structures and all parts shall be maintained in safe, sanitary and good working condition. SECTION 105. Site Requirements The land or site shall be sanitary, hygienic or safe. SECTION 106. Definitions The words, terms and phrases enumerated in Annex “A” hereof shall have the meaning or definition, correspondingly provided therein.  CHAPTER 2 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT SECTION 201. Responsibility for Administration and Enforcement The administration and enforcement of the provisions of this Code is hereby vested in the Secretary. SECTION 202. Technical Staff The Secretary is authorized to appoint in his Department a professional staff. SECTION 203. General Powers and Functions of the Secretary under this Code. The Secretary shall exercise the following: Formulate policies, plans, standards and guidelines Issue rules and regulations Evaluate, review, approve and/or take final action on corrections to existing Referral Codes and other referral codes Prescribe and fix the amount of fees and other charges SECTION 204. Professional and Technical Assistance The Secretary may secure professional, technical, scientific, and other services from other agencies of the National Government. May also engage and compensate within available appropriations SECTION 205. Building Officials The Building Official shall be responsible for carrying out the provisions of this Code in the field as well as the enforcement of orders and decisions. All Building Officials appointed or designated other than by the Secretary, shall continue to act as the Building official until the Secretary appoints another Building Official. SECTION 206. Qualifications of Building Officials A Building Official shall be: A Filipino citizen and of good moral character. A duly registered architect or civil engineer. A member of good standing of a duly accredited organization of his profession for not less than two years. Has at least five years of professional experience in building design and construction. SECTION 207. Duties of a Building Official The Building Official shall be responsible for the enforcement of the provisions of this Code as well as implementing rules and regulations issued. He is also in charged of issuing building permits. A Building Official may enter any building or its premises to inspect SECTION 208. Fees All Building Official shall keep a permanent record and accurate account of all fees and other charges authorized by the Secretary to be collected under this Code. 20% - for the operating expenses of his office. 80% - for the General Fund of the province, city or municipality concerned SECTION 209. Exemption Public buildings and traditional indigenous family dwellings shall be exempted. SECTION 210. Use of Income from Fees The Secretary is hereby authorized to prescribe the procedures for the use of all net income acquired by the office of the Building Official SECTION 211. Implementing Rules and Regulations The Secretary shall formulate rules and regulations and adopt design and construction standards and criteria for buildings and other structures. SECTION 212. Administrative Fines the Secretary is authorized to prescribe and impose fines not exceeding ten thousand pesos. SECTION 213. Penal Provisions Any person, firm or corporation who shall violate any of the provisions of this Code and/or commit any act, be punished by a fine of not more than twenty thousand pesos or by imprisonment of not more than two years or by both such fine and imprisonment. SECTION 214. Dangerous and Ruinous Buildings or Structures Dangerous buildings are those structurally unsafe or dangerous to human life. SECTION 215. Abatement of Dangerous Buildings the Building Official shall order the repair, vacation or demolition of dangerous buildings. SECTION 216. Other Remedies The rights, actions and remedies provided in this Code shall be in added to any other rights of action and remedies that may be available under existing laws.  CHAPTER 3 PERMITS AND INSPECTION SECTION 301. Building Permits No person, firm or corporation shall erect, construct, alter, repair, move, convert or demolish any building or structure without first obtaining a building permit from the Building Official. SECTION 302. Application for Permits The following information shall be provided in the application: A description of the work to be covered by the permit applied for; Certified true copy of the TCT covering the lot on which the proposed work is to be done. If the applicant is not the registered owner, in addition to the TCT, a copy of the contract of lease shall be submitted; The use or occupancy for which the proposal work is intended; Estimated cost of the proposed work. SECTION 303. Processing of Building Permits The processing of building permits shall be under the supervision of the Building Official and his technical staff of qualified professionals. SECTION 304. Issuance of Building Permits If work described in an application for building permit and the plans and specifications conform to the requirements of this Code, the Building Official shall issue the building permit applied for, within fifteen days from payment of fees by the applicant. SECTION 305. Validity of Building Permits A building permit issued under the provision of this code shall expire if the building is not commenced within a period of 1 year from the date of such permit. SECTION 306. Non-Issuance, Suspension or Revocation of Building Permits The Building Official may order the non-issuance, suspension or revocation of building permits on any of the following: Errors found in the plans and specifications; Incorrect or inaccurate data or information supplied; Non-compliance with the provisions of this Code or of any rule or regulation. SECTION 307. Appeal Within 15 days from the date of receipt of advice of the suspension of permits, the applicant may file an appeal with the Secretary who shall render his decision within fifteen days from date of receipt of notice of appeal. SECTION 308. Inspection and Supervision of Work The owner of the Building who is issued or granted a building permit under this Code shall engage the services of a duly licensed architect or civil engineer to undertake the full time inspection and supervision of the construction work. SECTION 309. Certificate of Occupancy No building or structure shall be used or occupied and no change in classification of a building or structure shall be made until the Building Official has issued a Certificate of Occupancy. It shall be issues within 30 days. The Certificate of Occupancy shall be posted or displayed in a conspicuous place on the premises and shall not be removed except upon order of the Building Official.  CHAPTER 4 TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION  SECTION 401. Types of Construction ► Type I – wood construction ► Type II – wood construction - with protective fire-resistant - materials one-hour fire-resistive throughout ► Type III – masonry and wood construction steel, iron, concrete, or masonry ► Type IV – construction. ► Type V – fire-resistive  SECTION 401. Types of Construction  SECTION 402. Changes in Types “No change shall be made in the type of construction of any building.” Except, when new or proposed construction is less hazardous, based on life and fire risk, than the existing construction.  SECTION 403. Requirements on Type of Construction 1. Fire Resistive Requirements TYPE I TYPE II TYPE III TYPE IV TYPE V Exterior bearing and one hour fire- one hour fire- four-hour fire- four-hour fire- … non-bearing resistive rating resistive rating resistive rating resistive rating walls three hour fire- Interior resistive rating for bearing walls, bearing walls, permanent one-hour fire- one-hour fire- one-hour fire- … one-hour fire- partitions, resistive rating resistive rating resistive rating resistive rating for floors, and vertical openings, roofs floors and roofs. Structural one-hour fire- one-hour fire- two-hour fire- three hour fire- … frames resistive rating, resistive rating, resistive resistive rating. Exterior doors one hour fire- one hour fire- one hour fire- one hour fire- … and windows resistive rating resistive rating resistive rating resistive rating SECTION 403. Requirements on Type of Construction 2. Interior Wall and Ceiling Finishes (a) classified according to their flame-spread characteristic (b) requirements for flame-spread characteristics of finishes shall not apply to materials which are less than 1.00 millimetre in thickness cemented to the surface of walls or ceilings. (c) materials required to be flame-spread proofed shall be treated with flame-retardant having a flame-spread of fifty (50) or less as determined by the “Tunnel Test”. 3. Standards for materials use in structural framework, exterior walls and openings, floors, exits, stairs & roofs shall be governed by the pertinent provision of the Fire Code of the Philippines.  CHAPTER 5 REQUIREMENTS FOR RIRE ZONES SECTION 501. Fire Zones Defined ► areas within which only certain types of buildings are permitted to be constructed SECTION 502. Buildings located in more than One Fire Zone ► A building or structure which is located partly in one fire zone and partly in another shall be considered to be in the more highly restrictive fire zone  SECTION 503. Moved Building Any building or structure moved within or into any fire zone shall be made to comply with all the requirements for buildings in that fire zone.  SECTION 504. Temporary Buildings May be erected in the fire zones by special permit from the Building Official for a limited period of time, and such buildings or structures shall be completely removed upon the expiration of the time limit stated in such permits. SECTION 505. Center Lines of Streets The center line of an adjoining street or alley may be considered an adjacent property line.  SECTION 506. Restrictions on Existing Buildings (a) Such building is entirely demolished; (b) Such building is to be moved outside the limits of the more highly restrictive Fire Zone to a zone where the building meets the minimum standards; (c) Changes, alterations and repairs may be made provided that in any 12-month period, the value of the work does not exceed twenty percent of the value of the existing building, and provided that, such changes do not add additional combustible material, and do not, in the opinion of the Building Official, increase the fire hazard; (d) Additions thereto are separated from the existing building by fire walls, (e) Damage from fire or earthquake, typhoons or any fortuitous event may be repaired, using the same kind of materials of which the building or structure was originally constructed, provided that, the cost of such repair shall not exceed twenty percent of the replacement cost of the building or structure.  SECTION 507. Designation of Fire Zones a. Non-Fire Restricted Zones: These are areas where siting of buildings/structures are permitted without fire-resistivity measures. b. Fire Restrictive Zones: Areas wherein siting of buildings/structures are permitted within prescribed fire-resistivity measures for exterior walls of at least two-hour fire resistivity. c. Highly Fire Restrictive Zones: Areas wherein highly fire- resistive or non-combustible buildings/structures and/or construction assemblies of no less than three to four-hour fire-resistive construction materials are used throughout, including exterior walls.  CHAPTER 6 FIRE-RESISTIVE REQUIREMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION SECTION 601. Fire-Resistive Rating defined ► the degree to which a material can withstand fire SECTION 602. Fire-Resistive Time Period Rating ► length of time a material can withstand being burned SECTION 603. Fire-Resistive Standards ► All materials of construction, and assemblies or combinations thereof shall be classified according to their fire-retardant or flame-spread ratings as determined by general accepted testing methods and/or by the Secretary. SECTION 604. Fire-Resistive Regulations ► The Secretary shall prescribe standards and promulgate rules and regulations  CHAPTER 7 CLASSIFICATION AND GENERAL REQUIREMENT OF ALL BUILDINGS BY USE OF OCCUPANCY SECTION 701. Occupancy Classified Group A – Residential Dwellings Division 1- Residential building/structure for exclusive use of single family occupants including school or company staff housing; Division 2- Residential building for the exclusive use of non-leasing occupants not exceeding 10 persons including single-attached or duplex or townhouses, each privately-owned; Group B – Multiple dwelling which accommodates more than 10 persons. Group C – Education and Recreation -not classified in Group I or in Division 1 and 2 or Group H Occupancies. Group D – Institutional Division 1 – buildings were personal liberties restrained. Division 2 – Nurseries for full-time care of children under kindergarten age, hospitals, sanitaria, nursing homes with non-ambulatory patients, and similar buildings each accommodating more than five persons. Division 3 – Nursing homes for ambulatory patients, homes for children of kindergarten age or over, each accommodating more than five persons: Shall not include buildings used only for private or family group dwelling purposes. Group E – Business and Mercantile Division 1 – Gasoline filling and service stations, storage garages and boat storage structures where no work is done except exchange of parts and maintenance requiring no open flame, welding, or the use of highly flammable liquids. Division 2 – Wholesale and retail stores, office buildings, drinking and dining establishments having an occupant load of less than one hundred persons, Division 3 – Aircraft hangars and open parking garages where no repair work is done except exchange of parts and maintenance requiring no open flame, welding or the use of highly flammable liquids. Group F – Industrial ► ice plants, power plants, pumping plants, cold storage, and creameries, factories and workshops using incombustible and non-explosive materials, and storage and sales rooms for incombustible and non- explosive materials. Group G – Storage and Hazardous Division 1 – Storage and handling of hazardous and highly flammable material. Division 2 – Storage and handling of flammable materials, dry cleaning plants using flammable liquids. Division 3 – Wood working establishments, planning mills and box factories, shops, factories where loose combustible fibers or dust are manufactured, processed or generated. Division 4 – Repair garages. Division 5 – Aircrafts repair hangars. Group H – Assembly Other Than Group I Division 1 – Any assembly building with a stage and an occupant load of less than 1000 in the building. Division 2 – Any assembly building without stage and having an occupant load of 300 or more in the building. Division 3 – Any assembly building without a stage and having an occupant load of less than 300 in the building. Division 4 – Stadia, reviewing stands, amusement park structures not included within Group I or in Division 1, 2, and 3 of this Group. Group I – Assembly building with stage and Occupant Load 1000 or More Group J – Accessory Division 1 – Private garage, sheds and agricultural buildings. Division 2 – Fences over 1.80 meters high, tanks and towers. Division 3– Stages, platforms, zoo structures, and tombs. ❑ Other subgroupings or divisions within Groups A to J may be determined by the Secretary.  SECTION 702. Change in Use ► No change shall be made in the character of occupancy or use of any building SECTION 703. Mixed Occupancy (a) General Requirements ► When a building is of mixed occupancy or used for more than one occupancy, the whole building shall be subject to the most restrictive requirement pertaining to any of the type of occupancy (b) Forms of Occupancy Separation ► Occupancy separations shall be vertical or horizontal or both, or when necessary, of such other forms as may be required to afford a complete separation between the various occupancy divisions in the building.  (c) Types of Occupancy Separation (1) A “One-Hour Fire-Resistive Occupancy Separation” shall be of not less than one-hour fire-resistive construction. (2) A “Two-Hour Fire-Resistive Occupancy Separation” shall be of not less than two-hour fire-resistive construction. (3) A “Three-Hour Fire-Resistive Occupancy Separation” shall be of not less than threehour fire-resistive construction. (4) A “Four-Hour Fire-Resistive Occupancy Separation” shall have no openings therein and shall be of not less than four-hour fire-resistive construction. (d) Fire Rating for Occupancy Separation shall be provided between groups, subgroupings, or divisions of occupancies. The Secretary shall promulgate rules and regulations for appropriate occupancy separations in buildings of mixed occupancy;  SECTION 704. Location on Property (a) General ► No building shall be constructed unless it adjoins or has direct access to a public space, yard or street on at least one of its sides. (b) Fire Resistance of Walls ► Exterior walls shall have fire resistance and opening protection in accordance with the requirements set forth by the Secretary. (c) Buildings on Same Property and Buildings Containing Courts ► Shall be assumed to have a property line between them. Provided, that two or more buildings on the same property may be considered as one building if the aggregate area of such building is within the limits of allowable floor areas for a single building, and when the buildings has different occupancies or are of different types of construction, the area shall be that allowed for the most restrictive occupancy or construction. (d) Building Footprint and Firewall Requirements A. The following rules shall be observed in the determination of the Allowable Maximum Building Footprint (AMBF) for buildings and related habitable structures. B. If without a firewall, the footprint of a proposed building/structure shall be measured horizontally from the property line to the outermost faces of the exterior walls of the building/structure; C. Footprint Based on Firewall Provisions. Provided, that the applicable stipulations of the Fire Code are strictly followed. i. Firewall on one (1) side, the footprint of a proposed building/structure shall be measured horizontally from the property line with a firewall to the outermost faces of the opposite exterior walls of the building/structure; ii. Firewall on two (2) sides, the footprint of a proposed building/structure shall be measured horizontally from the opposing property lines in case of a firewall on two (2) sides or from the rear property line with a firewall to the outermost faces of the opposite exterior walls of the building/structure; iii. Absolutely no firewalls are allowed for a low density residential (R-1) iv. For medium density residential (R-2) -a firewall can be erected on a maximum of 80% of the total length of a side property line; provided that only one (1) side property line is used for a firewall.  v. For high-density residential (R-3), two (2) types of firewall construction may be permitted: (a) Firewall on two (2) sides, a firewall can be erected on a maximum of 85% of the total length of each side property line; provided that all firewall construction shall not exceed 65% of the total perimeter of the R-3 property, (b) Firewall on one (1) side property line and at the rear property line, a firewall can be erected on a maximum of 90% of the total length of the side and rear property lines and up to 100% in case the rear property line is only 4.00 meters wide; provided that all firewall construction at the side property lines shall not exceed 50% of the total perimeter , vi. For townhouse residential (R-4), firewalls on the two (2) sides of each townhouse unit may be permitted; the R-4 firewall can be erected on a maximum of 85% of the total length of each side property line; provided that all firewall construction shall not exceed 50% of the total perimeter.  vii. For residential condominium (R-5), two (2) types of firewall construction may be permitted: (a) Firewall on two (2) sides, a firewall can be erected on a maximum of 75% of the total length of each side property line; provided that all firewall construction shall not exceed 50% of the total perimeter. (b) Firewall on one (1) side and at the rear property line, a firewall can be erected on a maximum of 65% of the total length of the side property line and on a maximum of 50% of the total length of the rear property line; provided that all firewall construction shall not exceed 60% of the total perimeter. viii. All existing openings on all firewalls shall be sealed completely to maintain the fire integrity of adjoining buildings/structures. ix. The provision of a fully functional sprinkler system and the installation of other fire-retardant or fire suppression devices in the case of commercial, institutional and industrial buildings/structures may allow firewall construction for up to 70% of the total perimeter of the property lines.  SECTION 705. Allowable Floor Areas 1. The Allowable Maximum Total Gross Floor Area (TGFA) of any proposed building/structure shall only be as allowed under this Rule. 2. TGFA Limitation, the percentages of the Total Lot Area (TLA) that may be used to initially determine the Allowable Maximum TGFA for a proposed building/structure. 3. Crosscheck of TGFA with Allowable Maximum Volume Building (AMVB). The Allowable Maximum TGFA once established must be thoroughly crosschecked with the AMVB to find out if the AMVB is not exceeded.  SECTION 706. Allowable Floor Area Increases ► The floor areas may be increased in certain specific instances and under appropriate conditions SECTION 707. Maximum Height of Buildings (1) The height shall be measured from the highest adjoining sidewalk or ground surface: (2) Determination of Building Height: ►BUILDING HEIGHT LIMIT (BHL) - the maximum height to be allowed for buildings/structures based on their proposed use or occupancy;  (3) Other Considerations in Height Determination i. Consider both the present and projected population density within the project site and in the project’s location/area at full completion/operation of the project; ii. lesser Percentage of Site Occupancy (PSO) or area of ground coverage Allowable Maximum Building Footprint (AMBF) or Maximum Allowable Construction Area (MACA) may be built higher than that with a greater PSO, AMBF or MACA; iii. A greater TGFA requirement shall be built higher than that with a lower TGFA requirement; iv. Higher FLAR designation/rights may be built higher than that on a lot with a lower FLAR designation/rights v. Lots that face a wider RROW and with more RROW features/elements may become the site of a taller building/structure as compared to a lot facing a narrow RROW.  ►The height of proposed buildings/structures shall also be governed by the following (Road Right-of-Way) RROW-based limitations: i. If only one (1) RROW, 6.00 to 7.00 meters wide, a BHL of three (3) storeys (or 9.00 meters maximum) ii. If only one (1) RROW, 3.00 meters wide or less, a BHL equivalent to two (2) storeys (or 6.00 meters maximum) iii. If only one (1) RROW, 4.00 to 5.00 meters wide, a BHL equivalent to 2 ½ storeys (or 7.50 meters maximum iv. Taller buildings are allowed for duly approved high-density developments such as Planned Unit Development (PUD) areas.  ►The following factors shall also be considered in the determination of the building height: i. Soil characteristics ii. Hydrological conditions iii. Meteorological conditions. iv. Effect/s of environmental conditions on the building/structure and vice versa v. Effect/s of traffic conditions on the building/structure and vice versa vi. Availability and capacity of public utility/service system vii. Need for applicable building safety and maintenance systems.  SECTION 708. Minimum Requirements for Group A Dwellings (a) Dwelling Location and Lot Occupancy (b) Light and Ventilation (c) Sanitation (d) Foundation (e) Post (f) Floor (g) Roof (h) Stairs (i) Entrance and Exit (j) Electrical Requirements (k) Mechanical Requirements  SECTION 709. Requirements for Other Group Occupancies ► The Secretary shall promulgate rules and regulations for each of the other Group Occupancies covering: allowable construction, height, and area; location on property, exit facilities, light, ventilation, and sanitation; enclosures of vertical openings; fire extinguishing systems; and special hazards. CHAPTER 8: LIGHT AND VENTILATION  SECTION 801. General Requirements of Light and Ventilation a) Civil Code of the Philippines on Easements of Light and View-provide adequate light and ventilation b) Buildings shall face a street c) No building shall be altered nor arranged unless such additional room conforms to the requirements of this Code. d) No building shall be enlarged SECTION 802. Measurement of Site Occupancy a) Measurement shall be taken at the ground level (courts, yards, and light wells) b) Be measured clear of all projections EXCEPTION of roof leaders, wall copings, sills, or steel fire escapes not exceeding 1.20 meters in width  SECTION 803. Percentage of Site Occupancy (a)Minimum site occupancy : -subject to the provisions of the local zoning requirements and rules and regulations TYPES OF LOTS AND THEIR RESPECTIVE LOCATIONS TYPES OF LOTS AND THEIR RESPECTIVE LOCATIONS  SECTION 804. Size and Dimensions of Courts a) Dimensions shall be governed by the use, type of construction, and height of the building with minimum horizontal dimension of court shall be not less than 2.00 meters. b) All inner courts shall be connected to a street or yard, either by a passageway with a minimum width of 1.20 meters or by a door through a room or rooms. SECTION 805. Ceiling Heights a) ✓ Habitable rooms with artificial ventilation -not less than 2.40 m 2.70 meters (first storey) 2.40 meters (second storey) succeeding storeys have an unobstructed typical head-room clearance of not less than 2.10 meters ✓ Rooms with a natural ventilation shall have ceiling heights not less than 2.70 meters. b)✓ Mezzanine floors shall have a clear ceiling height not less than 1.80 meters above and below it.  SECTION 806. Size and Dimension of Rooms Minimum sizes of rooms and their least horizontal dimensions: ✓ Rooms for Human Habitations – 6.00 m2 and least dimension of 2.00 meters; ✓ Kitchens – 3.0 m2 and least dimension of 1.50 meters; ✓ Bath and toilet – 1.20 m2 and least dimension of 0.90 meter.  SECTION 807. Air Space Requirements in Determining the Size of Rooms Minimum air space per person shall be provided as follows: 1. School Rooms – 3.00 m3 with 1.00 m2 (floor area); 2. Workshops, Factories, and Offices – 12.00 m3; 3. Habitable rooms – 14.00 m3. SECTION 808. Window Openings Rooms not provided with artificial ventilation system shall be provided with a window/s with a total free area of openings and equal to at least ten percent of the floor area of room  SECTION 810. Ventilation Skylights Skylights shall have a glass area not less than that required for the windows that are replaced. Shall be equipped with movable sashes or louvers with an aggregate net free area not less than that required for openable parts in the window  SECTION 811. Artificial Ventilation (a) Rooms or spaces housing industrial or heating equipment shall be provided with artificial ventilation to prevent excessive accumulation of hot and/or polluted air.  SECTION 811. Artificial Ventilation (b) Whenever artificial ventilation is required, the following minimum requirements in air changes shall be provided for each person: 1. Office, clerical, or administrative purposes-not less than three changes of air per hour 2.Bakeries, hotel or restaurant kitchens, laundries other than accessory to dwellings, and boiler rooms – not less than ten changes of air per hour. 3. Auditorium and assembly room purposes, – not less than 0.30 m3 of air per minute shall be supplied for each person. 4. Wards and dormitories– not less than 0.45 m3 of air per minute 5. Other rooms or spaces not covered in this section, applicable provisions of the Philippine Mechanical Engineering Code shall be followed. CHAPTER 9. SANITATION  SECTION 901. General Requirements Book II of the Civil Code of the Philippines on Property, Ownership, and its Modification Protection and promotion of health of persons occupying the premises and others living nearby  SECTION 902. Water Supply System ✓ Potable water requirements for a building shall be supplied from existing municipal or city waterworks system. ✓ The quality of drinking water from meteoric, surface or underground sources conform to the LATEST National Standards for Drinking Water. ✓ The design, construction and operation of deepwells for the abstraction of groundwater (Water Code of the Philippines). ✓ The design, construction and operation of independent waterworks systems private housing subdivisions or industrial estates shall be governed by existing laws relating to local waterworks system. (e) ✓ The water piping installations inside buildings and premises (National Plumbing Code of the Philippines.)  SECTION 903. Wastewater Disposal System Sanitary sewage shall be discharged directly into the NEAREST street sanitary sewer main of existing municipal or city sanitary sewerage system (Code on Sanitation and the National Pollution Control Commission). a) Buildings in areas where there are no available sanitary sewerage system shall dispose their sewage “Imhoff” or septic tank and subsurface absorption field. b) Sanitary and industrial plumbing installations inside buildings and premises shall conform to the National Plumbing Code.  SECTION 904. Storm Drainage System (a) Rainwater drainage shall not discharge to the sanitary sewer system. (b) Adequate provisions shall be made to drain low areas in buildings and their premises.  SECTION 905. Pest and Vermin Control a) Buildings with hollow and/or wood construction shall be provided with rat proofing. b) Garbage bins and receptacles shall be provided for cleaning and with positive protection against pest and vermins. c) Dining rooms for public use w/out artificial ventilation shall be properly screened.  SECTION 906. Noise Pollution Control Industrial establishments shall be provided with positive noise abatement devices to acceptable limits set by Department of Labor and the National Pollution Control Commission.  SECTION 907. Pipe Materials All pipe materials to be used shall conform to the Standard Specifications of the Philippine Standard Council.  CHAPTER 10. BUILDING PROJECTION OVER PUBLIC STREETS  SECTION 1001. General Requirements a) No part of any building shall project beyond the property line of the building site, except as provided in this Code. b) Projection of structure/appendage in public property shall be measured the distance horizontally from the property line to the uttermost point of the projection.  SECTION 1002. Projection into Alleys or Streets a) No part of any structure or its appendage shall project into any alley or street, national road or public highway EXCEPT as provided in this Code. b) Footings located at least 2.40 meters below grade along national roads or public highway may project not more than 300 millimeters beyond the property line. c) Foundations may be permitted to encroach into public sidewalk areas to a width not exceeding 500 millimeters; provided, that the top of the said foundations is not less than 600 millimeters below the established grade; and provided that the said projection does not obstruct any existing utility  SECTION 1003. Projection of Balconies and Appendages Over Streets a) The extent of any projection over an alley or street shall be uniform within a block and conform to the limitations set forth in: Width of Streets Total Projections Over 3.00 meters but less than 6.00 meters.60 meter 6.00 meters to less than 10.00 meters.90 meter 10.00 meters to less than 11.00 meters 1.00 meter 11.00 meters to less than 12.00 meters 1.10 meters 12.00 meters to less than 13.00 meters 1.30 meters 13.00 meters to less than 14.00 meters 1.40 meters 14.00 meters or over 1.50 meters  SECTION 1003. Projection of Balconies and Appendages Over Streets b) The clearance between the established grade of the street and/or sidewalk and the lowest under surface of any part of the balcony shall not be less than 3.00 meters.  SECTION 1004. Arcades (a) The width of the arcade and its height shall be uniform throughout the street provided, that in no case, shall an arcade be less than 3.00 meters above the established sidewalk grade. SECTION 1005. Canopies (Marquees) a) Canopy/Marquee-a permanent roofed structure, includes object or decoration attached thereto. b) Projection and Clearance. The horizontal clearance shall be not less than 300 millimeters. The vertical clearance shall not be less than 3.00 meters. c) Constructed of incombustible material or materials of not less than two-hours fire- resistive construction. It shall be provided with necessary drainage facility. d) Located as not to interfere with the operation of any exterior standpipe connection or to obstruct the clear passage from stairway exits  SECTION 1006. Movable Awnings or Hoods (a) Awning-a movable shelter supported entirely from an exterior wall of a building (b) Horizontal clearance shall not be less than 300 millimeters. Vertical clearance shall be not less than 2.40 meters. Collapsible awnings shall be so designated that they shall not block a required exit when collapsed or folded.  SECTION 1007. Doors, Windows, and the like Doors, windows, and the like less than 2.40 meters above the pavement or groundline shall not, when fully opened or upon opening, project beyond the property line except fire exit doors.  SECTION 1008. Corner Buildings with Chaflans (b) If the building is arcaded, no (a) Every corner building or solid fence on a public street or alley less than 3.60 meters in chaflan is required notwithstanding width shall be truncated at the corner. the width of the public street or Secretary shall determine the size and form alley, less than 12.00 meters. of the chaflan.  CHAPTER 11. PROTECTION OF PEDESTRIANS DURING CONSTRUCTION OR DEMOLITION SECTION 1101. General Requirements (a) No person shall use or occupy a street, alley or public sidewalk for the performance of work covered by a building permit EXCEPT in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter. (b) No person shall perform any work on building or structure adjacent to a public way in general use for pedestrian travel, UNLESS the pedestrians are protected as specified in this Chapter. (c) Any material or structure temporarily occupying public property shall be adequately lighted, between sunset and sunrise. SECTION 1102. Storage in Public Property Materials and equipment necessary for work shall not obstruct free and convenient approach to and use of any fire hydrant, fire or police alarm box, utility box, catch basin, or manhole and shall not interfere with any drainage of any street or alley gutter. SECTION 1103. Mixing Mortar on Public Property Mixing of mortar, concrete, or similar materials on public streets shall not be allowed. SECTION 1104. Protection of Utilities All public or private utilities above or below the ground shall be protected from any damage. The PROTECTION shall be maintained and shall not obstruct the normal functioning of any such utility.  SECTION 1105. Walkway (a) In case there is no sidewalk in front of the building site during construction or demolition, temporary walkway of not less than 1.20 meters wide shall be provided. (b) The walkway shall be CAPABLE of supporting a uniform live load of 650 kilograms per square meter. Durable wearing surface shall be provided throughout the construction period. SECTION 1106. Pedestrian Protection (a) Pedestrian traffic shall be protected by a railing on the street side when the walkway extends into the roadway. (b) Railings shall be built substantially strong and should be at least 1.00 meter in height. c) Fences shall be built of an approved material, not less than 2.40 meters in height above grade, and be placed on the side of the walkway NEAREST to the building site.  SECTION 1106. Pedestrian Protection d) The protective canopy shall have a clear height of 2.40 meters above the railway and shall be structurally safe. If materials are stored or work is done on top of the canopy, the edge along the street shall be protected by a tight curb board not less than 300 millimeters high and a railing not less than 1.00 meters high shall be provided. Provided, that the live load shall be not less than 600 kilograms per square meter. SECTION 1107. Maintenance and Removal of Protective Devices a) Protective devices shall be properly maintained in place and kept in good order for the entire length of time pedestrians may be endangered. b) Every protective fence or canopy shall be removed within 30 days after such protection is no longer required as determined by the Building Official. SECTION 1108. Demolition a) Demolishing building shall not be commenced UNTIL all the necessary pedestrian protective structures are in place. b) The Building Official may require the permittee to submit plans, specifications and complete schedule of demolition. When so required, no work shall be done until such plans, specifications and schedule are approved by the Building Official.  CHAPTER 12. GENERAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS SECTION 1201. General Requirements All other matters relative to the structural design of buildings and other structures not provided for in this Chapter shall conform the National Structural Code of Buildings, as adopted and promulgated by the Board of Civil Engineering pursuant to Republic Act Number 544, as amended, otherwise known as the “Civil Engineering Law”.  SECTION 1202. Excavation, Foundation, and Retaining Walls a) Shall conform the accepted engineering practice in Articles 684 to 686 of the Civil Code of the Philippines on the design and quality of materials used structurally in excavation, footings, and in foundations.  SECTION 1202. Excavation, Foundation, and Retaining Walls b) Excavation and Fills 1. Shall be so constructed or protected that they do not endanger life or property. 2. Whenever the depth of excavation for any construction would be affected in a manner that the stability or safety is endangered, the person undertaking or causing the excavation to be undertaken shall be responsible for the expense of underpinning or extending the foundation or footings. 3. Excavation and other similar disturbances made on public property shall, unless otherwise excluded by the Building Official, be restored immediately to its former condition within 48 hours from the start of such excavation and disturbance.  SECTION 1202. Excavation, Foundation, and Retaining Walls (c) Footings, Foundations, and Retaining Walls 1. Architect and/or Engineer is responsible to ADOPT appropriate type and design, adequate size, and capacity in order to safely sustain superimposed loads or external forces for the safety/stability of the structure in accordance with the standards set by the Secretary. 2. Retaining walls shall be provided in adequate design and type prescribed by the Secretary if abrupt change in the ground levels or level of the foundation that could result soil instability. SECTION 1203. Veneer a) Veneer-a nonstructural facing of brick, concrete, tile, metal, plastic, glass, or other similar approved materials for the purpose of ornamentation, protection, or enclosure either on the interior or exterior of the building or structure.  SECTION 1203. Veneer b)The design of all veneer shall comply with the following: 1. Support no load other than its own weight and the vertical dead load of veneer. 2. Surfaces which veneer is attached shall support the additional vertical and lateral loads imposed by the veneer. 3. Consider the differential movements of the supports caused by temperature changes, shrinkage, creep, and deflection. 4. Adhered veneer and its backing shall be designed to have a bond to the supporting elements sufficient to withstand shearing stresses due to their weights including seismic effects on the total assemblage. 5. Anchored veneer and its attachment shall be designed to resist horizontal forces equal to twice the weight of the veneer. 6. Anchors supports and ties shall be non-combustible and corrosion-resistant.  SECTION 1204. Enclosure of Vertical Openings (a) Vertical openings shall be enclosed depending upon the fire-resistive requirements of a particular type of construction as set forth in this Code.  SECTION 1204. Enclosure of Vertical Openings b) Enclosing Elevators and Escalators shall not less than the fire-resistive construction. Enclosing walls of elevator shafts may consist of wire glass set in metal frames on the entrance side only. Elevator shafts extending through more than two storeys shall be equipped with adequate ventilations to and through the main roof of the building: Provided, that in those buildings housing Groups F and G Occupancies equipped with automatic fire- extinguishing systems throughout, enclosures shall not be required for escalators: Provided, further that the top of the escalator opening at each storey shall be provided with a draft curtain. Such draft curtain shall enclose the perimeter of the unenclosed opening and shall extend from the ceiling downward at least 300 millimeters on all sides. Automatic sprinklers shall be provided around the perimeter of the opening and within a 600 millimeters of the draft curtain. The distance between the sprinkles shall not exceed 1.80 meters center-to-center. SECTION 1204. Enclosure of Vertical Openings c) All shafts, ducts, chutes, and other vertical openings shall have enclosing walls conforming to the requirements specified under the type of construction of the building in which they are located. In other than Group A Occupancies rubbish and linen chutes shall terminate in rooms separated from the remainder of the building by a One-Hour Fire-Resistive Occupancy Separation. Openings into the chutes shall not be located in required exit corridors or stairways.  SECTION 1204. Enclosure of Vertical Openings d) Air ducts passing through a floor shall be enclosed in a shaft. Dampers shall be installed where ducts pierce the shaft enclosure walls. Air ducts in Group A Occupancies need not be enclosed in a shaft if conforming to the mechanical provisions.  SECTION 1205. Floor Construction a) Floors shall be of such materials and construction as specified under Chapter 5 Fire Zones and Fire- Resistive Standards and under Chapter 6 – Types of Construction. b) Floors shall be so framed and secured into the framework and supporting walls as to form an integral part of the whole building. c) The types of floor construction used shall provide means to keep the beam and girders from lateral buckling. SECTION 1206. Roof Construction and Covering a) Roof Covering shall be either fire-retardant or ordinary depending upon the fire-resistive requirements of the particular type of construction. b) Roof Trusses shall have all joints well fitted, all tension members well tightened, diagonal and sway bracing, and camber. The allowable working stresses of materials shall conform to this Code.  SECTION 1206. Roof Construction and Covering c) Attics. 1) Access opening shall be provided in the ceiling of the top floor of buildings with a combustible ceiling or roof construction and shall be located in a corridor or hallway of buildings of three or more storeys in height, and readily accessible in buildings of any height. Shall not be less than 600 millimeters square or 600 millimeters in diameter. The minimum clear headroom of 800 millimeters shall be provided above the access opening. For ladder requirements, refer to the Philippine Mechanical Engineering code.  SECTION 1206. Roof Construction and Covering c) Attics. 2) Area Separation. Enclosed attic spaces of combustible construction shall be divided into horizontal areas not exceeding 250 square meters by fire-resistive partitions extending from the ceiling to the roof. EXCEPT, that where the entire attic is equipped with approved automatic fire-extinguishing system, the attic space may be divided into areas not to exceed 750 square meters. Openings in the partitions shall be protected by self-closing doors.  SECTION 1206. Roof Construction and Covering c) Attics. 3) Draft Stops shall be installed in trusses roofs, between roof and bottom chords or trusses, in all buildings exceeding 2000 square meters. Draft stops shall be constructed as for attic area separations. 4) Ventilation. Enclosed attics shall be provided with adequate ventilation protected against the entrance of rain.  SECTION 1206. Roof Construction and d) Roof Drainage System Covering 1) Roof drains shall be installed at low points of the roof and shall be adequate in size and adequate overflow drains shall be provided. 2) Roof drains and overflow drains shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of the National Plumbing Code. 3) Roof drainage water from a building shall not be permitted to flow over public property, EXCEPT for Group A and J Occupancies. e) Flashing and counterflashing shall be provided at the juncture of the roof and vertical surfaces. SECTION 1207: STAIRS, EXITS, AND OCCUPANT LOADS  (a) General The construction of stairs and exits shall conform to the occupant load requirements of buildings, reviewing stands, bleachers, and grandstands. Determination of Occupant Loads – The occupant load permitted in any building or portion thereof shall be determined by dividing the floor area assigned to that use by the unit area allowed per occupant as determined by the Secretary. Exit Requirements – Exist requirements of a building or portion thereof used for different purposes shall be determined by the occupant load which gives the largest number of persons. Posting of Room Capacity – Any room having an occupant load of more than 50 where fixed seats are not installed, and which is used for classroom, assembly, or similar purpose shall have the capacity of the room posted in a conspicuous place near the main exit from the room. Changes in Elevation – Except in Group A Occupancies, changes in floor elevations of less than 300 millimeters along any exit serving a tributary occupant load of 10 or more shall be by means of ramps  (b) Exits Number of Exits – Every building or usable portion thereof shall have at least one exit. The maximum number of exits required for any storey shall be maintained until egress is provided from the structures. Width – Such width of exits shall be divided approximately equally among the separate exits. The total exit width required from any storey of a building shall be determined by using the occupant load of that storey plus the percentage of the occupant loads of floors which exits through the level under consideration. Arrangement of Exits – If only two exits are required they shall be placed a distance apart to not less than one-fifth of the perimeter of the area served measured in a straight line between exits. Distance to Exists – No point in a building without a sprinkler system shall be more than 45.00 meters from an exterior exit door, a horizontal exit, exit passageway, or an enclosed stairway, measured along the line of travel.  (c) Doors The provisions herein shall apply to every exit door serving an area having an occupant load of more than 10, or serving hazardous rooms or areas. Swing – Exit door shall swing in the direction of exit travel when serving any hazardous areas or when serving an occupant load of 50 or more. Type of Lock or Latch – Exit door shall be openable from the inside without the use of a key or any special knowledge or effort: Except, that this requirement shall not apply to exterior exit doors in a group E or F Occupancy if there is a conspicuous, readily visible and durable sign on or adjacent to the door, stating that the door is to remain unlocked during business hours. Width and Height – Every required exit doorway shall be of a size as to permit the installation of a door not less than 900 millimeters in width and not less than 2.00 meters in height. In computing the required exit width the net dimension of the exitway shall be used.  Door Leaf Width – No leaf of an exit door shall exceed 1.20 meters in width. Special Doors – Revolving, sliding, and overhead doors shall not be used as required exits. Egress from Door – Every required exit door shall give immediate access to an approved means of egress from the building. Change in Floor Level at Doors – Regardless of the occupant load there shall be a floor or landing on each side of an exit door. Door Identification – Glass doors shall conform to the requirements in Section 1805. Other exit doors shall be so marked that they are readily distinguishable from the adjacent construction Additional Doors – When additional doors are provided for egress purposes, they shall conform to all provisions cases  (d) Corridors and Exterior Exit Balconies The provisions herein shall apply to every corridor and exterior exit balcony serving as a required exit for an occupant load of more than ten. Width – Every corridor or exit balcony shall not be less than 1.10 meters in width. Projections – The required width of corridors and exterior exit balconies shall be unobstructed. Except, that trim handrails, and doors when fully opened shall not reduce the required width by more than 200 millimeters. Access to Exits – When more than one exit is required, they shall be so arranged to allow going to either direction from any point in the corridor or exterior exit balcony to a separate exit, except for dead ends permitted by this Code. Dead Ends – Corridors and exterior exit balconies with dead ends are permitted when the dead end does not exceed 6.00 meters in length.  Construction – Walls and ceilings of corridors shall not be less than one-hour fire resistive construction. Exterior exit balconies shall not project into an area where protected openings are required. Openings – Where corridor wall are required to be one-hour fire-resistive construction, every interior door opening shall be protected as set forth in generally recognized and accepted requirements for dual purpose fire exit doors.  (e) Stairways Except stairs or ladders used only to access, equipment, every stairway serving any building or portion thereof shall conform to the following requirements: Width - stairways serving an occupant load of more than 50 shall not be less than 1.10 meters Rise and Run - rise of every step in a stairway shall not exceed 200 millimeters and the run shall not less than 250 millimeters Winding Stairways - winders may be used if the required width of run is provided at a point not more than 300 millimeters from the side of the stairway where the treads are narrower but in no case shall any width of run be less than 150 millimeters at any point Circular Stairways - circular stairs may be used an exit provided the minimum width of run is not less than 250 millimeters  Landing - every landing shall have a dimension measured in the direction of travel equal to the width of the stairway Basement Stairways - where a basement stairway and a stairway to an upper storey terminate in the same exit enclosure, an approved barrier shall be provided to prevent persons from continuing on to the basements. Distance between Landings - there shall be not more than 3.60 meters vertical distance between landings Handrails - stairways shall have handrails on each side and every stairway required to be more than 3.00 meters in width shall be provided with not less than one intermediate handrail for each 3.00 meters of required width.  Exterior Stairway Protection - openings in the exterior wall below or within 3.00 meters, measured of an exterior exit stairway serving a building over two storey in height shall be protected by a self-closing fire assembly having a three-fourths hour fire-resistive rating Stairway Construction-Exterior - exterior stairway shall be of incombustible material Stairway to Roof - in every building four or more storeys in height, one stairway shall extend to the roof unless the roof has c slope greater than 1 in 3 Headroom - every required stairway shall have a headroom clearance of not less than 2.00 meters  (f) Ramps A ramp conforming to the provisions of this Code may be used as an exit. The width of ramps shall be as required for corridors. (g) Horizontal Exit All openings in a separation wall shall be protected by a fire assembly having a fire-resistive rating not less than the occupant load served by such exit.  (h) Exit Enclosures Every interior stairway, ramp, or escalator shall be enclosed as specified in this Code: Except, that in other than Group D Occupancies, as an enclosure will not be required for stairway, ramp, or escalator serving only one adjacent floor and not connected with corridors or stairways serving other floors. Enclosure walls shall not be less than two-hour fire-resistive construction. Stairway and ramp enclosures shall include landings and parts of floors connecting stairway flights and shall include a corridor on the ground floor leading from the stairway to the exterior of the building. A stairway in an exit enclosure shall not continue below the grade level exit unless an approved barrier is provided at the ground floor level to prevent persons from accidentally continuing into the basement. There shall be no enclosed usable space under stairways in an exit enclosure, nor shall the open space under such stairways be used for any purpose.  (i) Smokeproof Enclosures Stairs in smokeproof enclosures shall be of incombustible construction. A smokeproof enclosure shall exit into a public way or into an exit passageway leading to a public way. (j) Exit Outlets, Courts, and Passageways Every exit court and exit passageway shall be at least as wide as the required total width of the tributary exits. The slope of exit courts shall not exceed 1 in 10. The slope of exit passageway shall not exceed 1 in 8.  (k) Exit Signs and illuminations Exits shall be illuminated at any time the building is occupied with light having an intensity of not less than 10.7 lux at floor level, except for Group A Occupancies. (l) Aisle Every portion or every building in which are installed seats, tables, merchandise, equipment, or similar materials shall be provided with aisles leading to an exit.  Width. Every aisle shall be not less than 800 millimeters wide if serving only one side, and not less than 1 meter wide if serving both sides. Exit Distance. In areas occupied by seats and in Groups H and I Occupancies without seats, the line of travel to an exit door by an aisle shall be not more than 45.00 meters. Cross aisles. Aisles shall terminate in a cross aisle, foyer, or exit. The width of the cross aisle shall be not less than the sum of the required width of the widest aisle plus fifty percent of the total required width of the remaining aisle leading thereto Vomitories. Vomitories connecting the foyer or main exit with the cross aisles shall have a total width not less than the sum of the required width of the widest aisles leading thereto plus fifty percent of the total required width of the remaining aisles leading thereto. Slope. The slope portion of aisles shall not exceed a fall of 1 in 8.  (m) Seats With standard seating, the spacing of rows of seats from back-to-back shall not less than 840 millimeters. The width of any seat shall be not less than 450 millimeters. (n) Reviewing Stands, Grandstands, and Bleachers Height of Stands - stands made of combustible framing shall be limited to 11 rows or 2.70 meters in height Design Requirements - the minimum unit live load for reviewing stands, grandstands, and bleachers shall be 500 kilograms per square meter of horizontal projection for the structure as a whole. Seat and footboards shall be 180 kilograms per linear meter.  Spacing Seats – The minimum spacing of rows of seats measured from back-to-back shall be 600 millimeters for seats without backrests in open air stands. – The maximum rise from one row of seats to the next shall not exceed 400 millimeters. – For determining the seating capacity of a stand the width of any seat shall not be less than 450 millimeters nor more than 480 millimeters. Aisle – Aisle shall be provided in all stands – No obstruction shall be placed in the required width of any aisle or exitway. – Aisle shall have a minimum width of 1.10 meters Stairs and Ramps – The maximum rise of treads shall not exceed 200 millimeters and the minimum width of the run shall be 280 millimeters. – The slope of a ramp shall not exceed 1 in 8. – A ramp with a slope exceeding 1 in 10 shall have handrails  Guardrails – Railings shall be 1.10 meters above the rear of a seat plank or 1.10 meters above the rear of the steps in the aisle when the guardrail is parallel and adjacent to the aisle. – A midrail shall be placed adjacent to any seat to limit the open distance above the top of any part of a seat to 250 millimeters where the seat is at the extreme end or at the extreme rear of the bleachers or grandstand Foot Board - Footboards shall be provided for all rows of seats above the third row or beginning at such point where the seating plank is more than 600 millimeters above grade.  Exits o Distance to Exit The line of travel to an exit shall not be more than 45.00 meters. For stands with seats without backseats this distance may be measured by direct line from a seat to the exit from the stand. o Aisle Used as Exit An aisle may be considered as only one exit unless it is continuous at both ends to a legal building exit or to a safe dispersal area. o Three Exits Required required for stands within a building when there are more than 300 occupants within a stand. o Four Exits Required required when a stand or section of a stand accommodates more than 1000 occupants. o Width The total width of exits in meters shall not be less than the total occupant load served divided by 165.  Securing of Chairs – chairs and benches used on raised stands shall be secured to the platforms upon which they are placed Safe Dispersal Area - each safe dispersal area shall have at least two exits. If more than 6000 persons are to be accommodated within such an area, there shall be a minimum of three exits and for more than 9000 persons there shall be a minimum of four exits  (o) Special Hazards Boiler Rooms – Every boiler room and every room containing an incinerator or liquified petroleum gas or liquid fuel-fired equipment shall be provided with at least two means of egress, one of which may be a ladder. Cellulose Nitrate Handling – Film laboratories, projection rooms, and nitrocellulose processing rooms shall have not less than two exits. SECTION 1208: SKYLIGHTS  Frames of skylights shall be designed to carry loads required for roofs. All skylights, the glass of which is set at an angle of less than 45 degrees from the horizontal, if located above the first storey, shall be set at least 100 millimeters above the roof. Spacing between supports in one direction for flat wired glass in skylights shall not exceed 625 millimeters. Corrugated wired glass may have supports 1.5 meters apart in the direction of the corrugation. Skylights installed for the use of photographers may be constructed of metal frames and plate glass without wire netting. SECTION 1209: BAYS, PORCHES, AND BALCONIES  Walls and floors in bay and oriel windows shall conform to the construction allowed for exterior walls and floors of the type of construction of the building to which they are attached. The roof covering of a bay or oriel window shall conform to the requirements of the roofing of the main roof. Exterior balconies attached to or supported by wall required to be of masonry, shall have brackets or beams constructed of incombustible materials. SECTION 1210: PENTHOUSES AND ROOF STRUCTURES  Height – No penthouse or other projection above the roof in structures of other than Type V construction shall exceed 8.40 meters above the roof when used as an enclosure for tanks or for elevators which run to the roof and in all other cases shall not extend more than 3.60 meters in height with the roof. Area – The aggregate area of all penthouses and other roof structures shall not exceed one third of the area of the supporting roof. Prohibited Uses – No penthouse, bulkhead, or any other similar projection above the roof shall be used for purposes other than shelter of mechanical equipment or shelter of vertical shaft openings in the roof. Construction – Roof structures shall be constructed with walls, floors, and roof as required for the main portion of the building. Towers and spires – Towers and spires when enclosed shall have exterior walls as required for the building to which they attached.  SECTION 1211. CHIMNEYS, FIREPLACES, AND BARBECUES (a) Chimneys Structural Design – Chimneys shall be designed, anchored, supported, reinforced, constructed, and installed in accordance with generally accepted principles of engineering. Walls – Every masonry chimney shall have walls of masonry units, bricks, and stones.  Listed masonry chimney units, reinforced concrete or equivalent solid thickness of hollow masonry and lined with suitable liners in accordance with the following requirements: Masonry Chimneys for Residential Type Appliances – Masonry chimneys shall be constructed of masonry units or reinforced concrete with walls not less than 100 millimeters thick. Masonry Chimneys for Low Heat Appliances – Masonry chimneys shall be constructed of masonry units or reinforced concrete with walls not less than 200 millimeters thick. Masonry Chimneys for Medium-Heat Appliances – Masonry chimneys for medium-heat appliances shall be constructed of solid masonry units of reinforced concrete not less than 200 millimeters thick. Masonry Chimneys for High-Heat Appliances – Masonry chimneys for high-heat appliances shall be constructed with double walls of solid masonry units or reinforced concrete not less than 200 millimeters in thickness.  Masonry Chimneys for Incinerators Installed in Multi-Storey Buildings (Apartment-Type Incinerators) – Chimneys for incinerators installed in multi-storey building using the chimney passageway as a refuse chute where the horizontal grate area of combustion chamber does not exceed 0.80 square meter shall have walls of solid masonry or reinforced concrete, not less than 100 millimeters thick with a chimney lining as specified in this Code. Masonry Chimneys for Commercial and Industrial Type Incinerators – Masonry chimneys for commercial and industrial type incinerators of a size designed for not more than 110 kilograms of refuse per hour and having a horizontal grate area not exceeding 0.50 square meter shall have walls of solid masonry or reinforced concrete not less than 100 millimeters thick with lining of not less than 100 millimeters of firebrick, which lining shall extend for not less than 12.00 meters above the roof of the combustion chamber.  Linings – Fire clay chimney lining shall not be less than 15 millimeters thick. Area – No chimney passageway shall be smaller in area than the vent connection of the appliance attached thereto. Height – Every masonry chimney shall extend at least 600 millimeters above the part of the roof through which it passes and at least 600 millimeters above the highest elevation of any part of a building within 3.00 meters to the chimney. Corbeling – No masonry chimney shall be corbeled from a wall more than 150 millimeters nor shall a masonry chimney be corbeled from a wall which is less than 300 millimeters in thickness unless it projects equally on each side of the wall. Separation – When more than one passageway is contained in the same chimney, masonry separation at least 100 millimeters thick bonded into the masonry wall of the chimney shall be provided to separate passageways.  Inlets – Every inlet to any masonry chimney shall enter the side thereof and shall be of not less than 3 millimeters thick metal or 16 millimeters refractory material. Clearance – Combustible materials shall not be placed within 50 millimeters of smoke chamber or masonry chimney walls when built within a structure or within 25 millimeters when the chimney is built entirely outside the structure. Termination – All incinerator chimneys shall terminate in a substantially constructed spark arrester having a mesh not exceeding 20 millimeters. Cleanouts – Cleanout openings shall be provided at the base of every masonry chimney.  (b) Fireplaces and Barbecues Fireplace Walls – Walls of fireplaces shall not be less than 200 millimeters in thickness. Walls of fireboxes shall not be less than 250 millimeters in thickness: Except, that where a lining of firebrick is used, such walls shall not be less than 200 millimeters in thickness. Hoods – Metal hoods used as part of a fireplace or barbecue shall not be less than No. 18 gauge copper, galvanized iron, or other equivalent corrosion-resistant ferrous metal with all seams and connections of smokeproof unsoldered construction. Circulators – Approved metal heat circulators may be installed in fireplaces. Smoke Chamber – Front and side walls shall not be less than 200 millimeters in thickness. Smoke chamber back walls shall not be less than 150 millimeters in thickness.  Fireplace Chimneys – Walls of chimneys without flue lining shall not be less than 200 millimeters in thickness. Walls of chimneys with flue lining shall not be less than 100 millimeters in thickness and shall be constructed in accordance with the requirements of this Code. Clearance of Combustible Materials – Combustible materials shall not be placed within 50 millimeters of fireplace, smoke chamber, or chimney walls when built entirely within a structure or within 25 millimeters when the chimney is built entirely outside the structure. Combustible materials shall not Area of Flues, Throats, and Dampers – The net cross-sectional area of the flue and of the throat between the firebox and the smoke chamber of a fireplace shall not be less than the requirements to be set forth by the Board. Where dampers are used, they shall be of not less than No. 12 gauge metal  Lintel – Masonry over the fireplace opening shall be supported by a non-combustible lintel. Hearth – Every fireplace shall be provided with a brick, concrete, stone, or other approved noncombustible hearth slab at least 300 millimeters wider on each side than the fireplace opening and projecting at least 450 millimeters therefrom.  SECTION 1212: FIRE- EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS  (a). Fire-extinguishing systems shall be installed: In every storey, basement or cellar with an area of 200 square meters or more which is used for habitation, recreation, dining, study, or work, and which has an occupant load of more than 20. In all dressing rooms, rehearsal rooms, workshops or factories, and other rooms with an occupant load of more than 10 or assembly halls under Group H and I occupancies with occupant load of more than 500, and if the next doors of said rooms are more than 30.00 meters from the nearest safe fire dispersal area of the building or opening to an exit court or street. In all rooms used for storage or handling of photographic x-ray nitrocellulose films and other inflammable articles.  (b). Dry Standpipes Every building four or more storeys in height shall be equipped with one or more dry standpipes. Dry standpipes shall be of wrought iron or galvanized steel and together with fittings and connections shall be of sufficient strength to withstand 20 kilograms per square centimeter of water pressure when ready for service, without leaking at the joints, valves, or fittings. Dry standpipes shall be of such size as to be capable of delivering 900 liters of water per minute from each of any three outlets simultaneously under the pressure created by one fire engine or pumper based on the standard equipment available. Every building four or more storeys in height where the area of any floor above the third floor is 950 square meters or less, shall be equipped with at least one dry standpipe. All 100 millimeters dry standpipes shall be equipped with a two-way Siamese fire department connection.  (c). Wet Standpipes Interior wet standpipes shall be constructed of the same materials as those required for dry standpipes. Interior wet standpipes shall have an internal diameter sufficient to deliver 190 liters of water per minute under 2.0 kilograms per square centimeter pressure at the hose connections. The number of wet standpipe when required in this Code shall be so determined that all portions of the building are within 6.00 meters of a nozzle attached to a hose 23.00 meters in length. All interior wet standpipes shall be equipped with a 38 millimeter valve in each storey, including the basement or cellar of the building, and located not less than 300 millimeters nor more than 1.20 meters above the floor. (d). Basement Pipe Inlets Basement pipe inlets shall be installed in the first floor of every store, warehouse, or factory. All basement pipe inlets shall be of cast iron, steel, brass, or bronze with lids of cast brass or bronze and shall consist of a sleeve not less than 200 millimeters in diameter through the floor extending to and flush with the ceiling below and with a top flange. Basement pipe inlets shall be strategically located and kept readily accessible at all times to the Fire Department. (e). Approval All fire-extinguishing systems, including automatic sprinklers, wet and dry standpipes, automatic chemical extinguishers, basement pipe inlets, and the appurtenances thereto shall meet the approval of the fire Department as to installation and location and shall be subject to such periodic test as it may require. SECTION 1213: STAGES AND PLATFORM  (a) Stage Ventilators There shall be one or more ventilators constructed of metal or other incombustible material near the center and above the highest part of any working stage raised above the stage roof and having a total ventilation area equal to at least five percent of the floor area within the stage walls. The entire equipment shall conform to the following requirements: a. Opening Action b. Glass c. Design d. Spring Actuation e. Location of Fusible Links f. Control  (b) Gridirons Gridirons, fly galleries, and pin-rails shall be constructed of incombustible materials and fire protection of steel and iron may be omitted. Gridirons and fly galleries shall be designed to support a live load of not less than 367 kilograms per square meter. (c) Rooms Accessory to Stage In a building having a stage, the dressing room sections, workshops, and store rooms shall be located on the stage side of the proscenium wall and shall be separated from each other and from the stage by not less than a One-hour Fire Resistive Occupancy Separation (d) Proscenium Walls A stage shall be completely separated from the auditorium by a proscenium wall or not less than two-hour incombustible construction. The proscenium wall shall extend not less than 1.20 meters above the roof over the auditorium  (e) Stage Floor All parts of the stage floor shall be designed to support not less than 620 kilograms per square meters. Openings through stage floor shall be equipped with tight-fitting trap doors of wood of not less than 5 millimeters nominal thickness. (f) Platforms Enclosed platforms shall be provided with one or more ventilators conforming to the requirements of stage ventilators: Except, that the total area shall be equal to five percent of the area of the platform. (g) Stage Exits At least one exits not less than 900 millimeters wide shall be provided from each side of the stage opening directly or by means of a passageway not less than 900 millimeters in width to a street or exit court. SECTION 1214: MOTION PICTURE PROJECTION ROOMS  (a) General Requirement The provisions of this Section shall apply only where ribbon type motion picture films in excess of 22-millimeters width and electric projection equipment are used. (b) Construction The ceiling shall not be less than 2.40 meters from the finished floor. The room shall have a floor area of not less than 7.00 square meters and 3.50 square meters for each additional machine. (c) Exit Every projection room shall have at least two doorways separated by not less than one- thirds the perimeter of the room, each at least 750 millimeters wide and 2.00 meters high.  (d) Ports and Openings Ports in projection room walls shall be of three kinds: projection ports; observation ports; and combination ports used for both observation and for stereopticon, spot or floodlight machines. Ports Required – There shall be provided for each motion picture projector not more than one projection port, which shall be limited in area to 750 square centimeters, and not more than one observation port, which shall be limited in area to 1,3000 square centimeters. There shall be not more than three combination ports, each of which shall not exceed 750 millimeters by 600 millimeters. Shutters – Each port and every other opening in projection room walls, including, any fresh-air inlets but excluding exit doors and exhaust ducts, shall be provided with a shutter of not less than 2.4 millimeters thick sheet metal or its equivalent large enough to overlap at least 25 millimeters on all sides of such openings.  (e) Ventilation A fresh-air inlet from the exterior of the building not less than 900 square centimeters and protected with wire netting, shall be installed within 50 millimeters of the floor in every projection room, the source of which shall be remote from other outside vents or flues. Ventilation shall be provided by one or more mechanical exhaust systems which shall draw air from each are lamps housing to outdoors either directly or through an incombustible flue use for no other purpose. (f) Regulation of Equipment All shelves, fixtures, and fixed equipment in a projection room shall be constructed of incombustible materials. All films not in actual use shall be stored in metal cabinets having individual compartments for reels or shall be generally accepted shipping containers. No solders shall be used in the construction of such cabinets.  SECTION 1215. LATHING, PLASTERING, AND INSTALLATION OF WALL BOARDS  The installation of lath, plaster, and gypsum wall board shall conform to the fire-resistive rating requirements and the type of construction of building.  SECTION 1301. Electrical Regulations conform to Philippine Electrical Code by the Board of Electrical Engineering RA 184 or Electrical Engineering Law SECTION 1302. Mechanical Regulations conform to Philippine Mechanical Engineering Code by the Board of Mechanical Engineering Commonwealth Act No. 294 or Mechanical Engineering Law  SECTION 1401. Storage and Handling provided with automatic fire extinguishing systems.  SECTION 1401. Storage and Handling provided with automatic fire extinguishing systems. storage of film negatives HEAVY MANILA ENVELOPE x EXPANDING ENVELOPE VENTED CABINET  SECTION 1401. Storage and Handling storage of film negatives STORAGE VAULT OUTSIDE STORAGE BOXES  SECTION 1401. Storage and Handling Lights INCANDESCENT LIGHT PORTABLE LIGHTS SECTION 1402. Classes of Film Exempted “roll” and “film pack” films in less than 1.40m3 Dental X-ray films Safety photographic X-ray film may be identified by marking the edge of the film SECTION 1403. Fire Extinguishing System type, specifications, and methods of installation as prescribed in accordance with the requirements of the Secretary  SECTION 1501. Pre-Fabricated Assembly Is a structural unit, built up prior to incorporation in the building Secretary - prescribed a special test to determine some factors Developing the strength of different members Placement of prefabricated assemblies shall be inspected.  SECTION 1601. Approved Plastics Flame-spread rating of 225 or less Smoke density not greater than obtained from burning untreated wood Products of combustion shall be no more toxic than the burning of untreated wood  SECTION 1602. Installation Structural Requirements Fastenings SECTION 1603. Glazing of Openings Doors, sashes, and framed openings in exterior walls of ALL buildings EXCEPT Types IV and V Construction - glazed or equipped with approved plastics Wall in which glazing is installed - not required to be fire protected Plastic used in glazed openings for Type II Construction - timespread characteristics  SECTION 1604. Skylights Approved plastics may be used in skylights installed on roofs of Type I, II, or III Constructions  SECTION 1604. Skylights Installment Requirement Except in Group A Occupancy, no skylight installed within 3.00m of a property line. The edges of the dome-type skylights shall be properly flashed. Plastic skylights shall be separated from each other by at least 2.50m laterally and 3.00m along the slope of the roof.  SECTION 1604. Skylights Allowable Areas shall not exceed 10m2 plastics used in skylights, monitors, and saw tooth glazing shall not exceed 20% Curb Requirements slope of less than 1 in 3 10mm high curb wire screen not smaller than No. 12 U.S. gauge SECTION 1605. Light-Transmitting Panels in Monitors and Sawtooth Roofs Approved plastic may be used with or without sash Allowable Areas not exceed 15.00m2 total aggregate area of plastics shall not exceed 20% of the floor area Area Separation section of incombustible material or by a section of the roofing material  SECTION 1606. Plastic Light Diffuser in Ceilings Greater than 10% of any 10.00 m2 of room area shall be of approved plastics Installation will not readily become detached when subjected to room temperature of 80 degree C for 15 minutes  SECTION 1607. Partitions not required to be of fire-resistive or incombustible construction any approved plastics  SECTION 1608. Exterior Veneer may be of approved plastic materials not in excess of 10.00m above the adjacent grade of elevation not exceed 15.00m2 in area shall be separated by a minimum of 1.20m vertically and 600 mm horizontally SECTION 1609. Awnings and Canopies use according to Flame Spread characteristics awnings where untreated canvass is permitted lieu of plain glass in green- houses in less restrictive Fire Zones  SECTION 1701. Sheet Meatal Paint Spray Booths be constructed of steel of not less than No. 18 U.S. gauge in thickness not exceed 150m2 nor 10% of the basic area permitted incombustible material designed to permit the free passage of exhaust air from all parts of the interior and all interior surfaces  SECTION 1702. Fire Protection Spray booth with front elevation larger than 1.00m2 fire curtain or metal deflector not less than 100mm deep  SECTION 1703. Light illuminated through hammered wire or heat-treated glass panels  SECTION 1703. Ventilation provided direct to the exterior of the building Mechanical exhaust system - designed to move the air through any portion of the paint spray area motor shall not be mounted in the spray booth or the duct system SECTION 1703. Ventilation steel with a thickness not less than the values set by the Secretary discharge point for ducts - not less than 2.00m from adjoining combustible construction nor less than 8.00m from adjoining exterior wall openings  SECTION 1801. General Requirements apply to exterior glass and glazing in ALL Occupancies EXCEPT Groups A, B, and J not over three (3) storeys is in height glass dimensional tolerances, breaking stress levels, and design safety factors Lights bear the manufacturer’s label designating the type and thickness of the glass special characteristics and thickness  SECTION 1802. Area Limitation capable of safety withstanding the load due to wind pressures wind load multiplied by the appropriate adjustment factor  SECTION 1803. Glazing glazed with minimum laps and edge clearances in accordance with Section 1801 SECTION 1804. Louvered Windows shall not be thinner than 5.6mm minimal and not longer than 1.20m Exposed glass edges shall be smooth  SECTION 1805. Impact any glass or glazed openings which subject to accident shall conform to the requirement set by the Secretary EXCEPT: Bathtub and shower enclosures Glass Lights  SECTION 1901. General Rule The use of computers is permitted provided that ALL programs to be used are documented. SECTION 1902. Program Documentation Consists of filing with the Building Official a reference to a publications  SECTION 1903. Submission of Computer-Generated Computations A copy of the output sheets for computer-generated computations shall be submitted as a part of the design computations  SECTION 2001. General Requirements DON'Ts  SECTION 2001. General Requirements DON'Ts SECTION 2002. Maintenance be kept in repair kept neatly painted and secured at all times. SECTION 2003. Design and Construction be designed and constructed to resist all forces in accordance with the National Structural Code for Buildings.  SECTION 2004. Supports and Anchorages placed in or upon private property Materials - quality and grade Made from incombustible materials Non-Structural Trim - made of wood, metaal, approved plastics Display Surfaces - made of metal, glass, approved plastics  SECTION 2005. Projection and Clearances High Voltage Power Lines - in accordance of Philippine Electrical Code Do not interfere fire exit, escape, or standpipe No sign shall obstruct any opening that light or ventilation is reduced Projection over Alleys  SECTION 2006. Lighting illuminated only by electrical means in accordance with the Philippine Electrical Code. SECTION 2101. Existing Building and Structure ALL buildings or structures constructed under R.A. 6541 or existing city or municipal building codes or ordinances SECTION 2102. Interim Rules and Regulations Interim rules and regulations on buildings promulgated by the Secretary  SECTION 2103. Separability Clause If any provision of this Decree or the application thereof is to any person or circumstance declared unconstitutional or invalid for any reason, the same shall not affect the validity of the other provisions. SECTION 2104. Repealing Clause ALL laws, decrees, provisions of charters, executive orders, ordinances, rules and regulations or parts thereof contrary to or inconsistent with the provisions of this Decree are hereby repealed, amended, or modified accordingly.  SECTION 2105. Effectivity This Decree shall take effect upon its promulgation. Done in the City of Manila, this 19th day of February, in the year of our Lord, nineteen hundred and seventy seven. THANK YOU!!!