TOA 1 (Intro to Theory) PDF

TOA Theory of Architecture Authorship + Disclaimer This work is the property of Pedro Santos Jr. and Dianne Ancheta. For questions, contact the authors at arch. [email protected] and arch. [email protected]. Creative Commons...

TOA Theory of Architecture Authorship + Disclaimer This work is the property of Pedro Santos Jr. and Dianne Ancheta. For questions, contact the authors at arch. [email protected] and arch. [email protected]. Creative Commons This presentation is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike 4.0 International License and is not licensed for commercial use. To view a copy of this license, visit http: //creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ INTRODUCTION Rationale, competencies, and scope according to PRC/PRBOA RATIONALE / DESCRIPTION Understanding of the theories and principles of design and architectural design process RATIONALE / DESCRIPTION Analysis of anthropometric, proxemic, and kinesthetic requirements of space in relation to architectural design RATIONALE / DESCRIPTION Analysis of socio-cultural and technological trends which are contributory to the development of contemporary architecture. COMPETENCIES ▪ Relates the principles of architectural design to other art forms. ▪ Transforms the psychological, visual and perceptual language of architecture to signs and symbols of architectural design. ▪ Identifies and applies principles of design composition. ▪ Assesses current theories and principles on architectural design and applies this theories and principles in the architectural design process. COMPETENCIES ▪ Applies anthropometrics and ergonomics in architectural design; applies proxemic and kinesthetic requirements of space for human comfort in the context of Filipino culture, their behaviors and traditions and its effects on architectural space and design. ▪ Applies analytical tools in determining the relevance of architectural design theories to cultural development. ▪ Utilizes critical socio-cultural and technological methods for analyzing design concepts in relation to national development. COMPETENCIES ▪ Correlates designing with interiors and landscapes in a holistic approach. ▪ Applies significance of climate in the design process. ▪ Employs different processes and instruments that apply in a climate-responsive design. ▪ Applies different concepts, theories and principles of tropical design as applies to different tropical design scenario and architectural design problem. ▪ Correlates the significance of philosophies of great architects and their works to contemporary architecture. EXAM SUBJECT WEIGHTS ▪ 30%: History or architecture, theory of architecture; principles of planning; architectural practice ▪ 30%: Structural design; building materials and construction; utilities ▪ 40%: Architectural design and site planning SCOPE OF TOA ▪ Module 1: Introduction to Theory and Architecture ▪ Module 2: Elements of Architecture and Principles of Design ▪ Module 3: Design Perception ▪ Module 4: Tropical Architecture ▪ Module 5: Masters of Architecture MODULE 1 Introduction to Theory and Architecture OVERVIEW OF THE MODULE ▪ Module 1: Introduction to Theory and Architecture ▪ Part 1.1: Definition of theory and architecture ▪ Part 1.2: Architectural system and orders ▪ Part 1.3: Processes in architectural design PART 1.1 Definition of Theory and Architecture What is theory? Theory Abstract thought or speculation resulting in a system of assumption or principles used in analyzing, explaining, or predicting phenomena, and proposed or followed as a basis of action. TYPES OF THEORY ▪ Descriptive: simply explains events or phenomena. ▪ Prescriptive: prescribes guidelines. What is architecture? Architecture The art and science of designing and constructing buildings. Art The conscious use of skill, craft, and creative imagination in the production of what is beautiful, appealing, or of more than ordinary significance. Science A branch of knowledge dealing with a body of facts or truths obtained by direct observation, experimental investigation, and methodical study, systematically arranged and showing the operation of general laws. PART 1.2 Architectural Systems and Orders Architectural systems ROBOTO 44 Architectural systems The architecture of space, ▪ Organizational pattern, structure, and enclosure relationships, hierarchy ▪ Qualities of shape, color, texture, scale, proportion ▪ Qualities of surfaces, edges, and openings Architectural systems Experienced through ▪ Approach and entry movement in space and time ▪ Path configuration and access ▪ Sequence of spaces ▪ Light, view, touch, hearing, and smell Architectural systems Achieved by means of ▪ Structure and enclosure technology ▪ Environmental protection and comfort ▪ Health, safety, and welfare ▪ Durability Architectural Systems Accommodating a program ▪ User requirements, needs, aspirations ▪ Socio-cultural factors ▪ Economic factors ▪ Legal restraints ▪ Historical tradition and precedents Architectural Systems Compatible with its context ▪ Site and environment ▪ Climate: sun, wind, temperature, and precipitation ▪ Geography: soils, topography, vegetation, and water ▪ Sensory and cultural characteristics of the place VILLA SAVOYE Poissy, east of Paris. Le Corbusier. This graphic analysis will illustrate the way architecture embodies the harmonious integration of interacting and interrelated parts into a complex and unified whole. Spatial System The three-dimensional integration of program elements and spaces accommodates the multiple functions and relationships of a house. Structural System A grid of columns support horizontal beams and slabs. The cantilever acknowledges the direction of approach along the longitudinal axis. Enclosure System Four exterior wall planes define a rectangular volume that contains the program elements and spaces. Circulation System The stair and ramp penetrate and link the three levels, and heighten the viewer’s perception of forms in space and light. The curved form of the entrance foyer reflects the movement of the automobile. Context A simple exterior form wraps around a complex interior organization of forms and spaces. Elevating the main floor provides a better view and avoids the humidity of the ground. A garden terrace distributes sunlight to the spaces gathered around it. Architectural orders Architectural Orders Physical ▪ Solids and voids ▪ Space ▪ Interior and exterior ▪ Structure ▪ Enclosure ▪ Machines Architectural Orders Perceptual Sensory perception ▪ Approach and and recognition of Departure the physical ▪ Entry and Egress elements by ▪ Movement through experiencing them the order of spaces sequentially in time ▪ Functioning of and activities within spaces ▪ Qualities of light, color, texture, view, and sound. Architectural Orders Conceptual Comprehension of ▪ Images the ordered and ▪ Patterns disordered ▪ Signs relationships among ▪ Symbols a building’s ▪ Context elements and systems and responding to the meanings they evoke. PART 1.3 Processes in Architectural Design Design process A purposeful activity aimed at devising a plan for changing an existing situation into a future preferred state. Design phases IPSEAR 1. Initiation 2. Preparation 3. Synthesis 4. Evaluation 5. Action 6. Reevaluation Initiation Identifying a problem and its social, economic, and physical context. Preparation Collecting and analyzing relevant information and establishing goals and criteria for an acceptable solution. Synthesis Discovering constraints and opportunities, and hypothesizing possible alternative solutions. Evaluation Simulating, testing, and modifying acceptable alternatives according to specified goals and criteria. Action Selecting and implementing the most suitable solution. Reevaluation Assessing how well an implemented solution in use satisfies the specified goals and criteria. End of Module 1