Tiriti o Waitangi Learning Outcomes PDF

Tiriti o Waitangi Hauora Maori Treaty of Waitangi learning outcomes. As registered nurses, the expectation is that each will be active as Treaty of Waitangi partners as Crown agents: Students of nursing therefore will: Critically analyse the Treaty of Waitangi and its relevance to the healt...

Tiriti o Waitangi Hauora Maori Treaty of Waitangi learning outcomes. As registered nurses, the expectation is that each will be active as Treaty of Waitangi partners as Crown agents: Students of nursing therefore will: Critically analyse the Treaty of Waitangi and its relevance to the health of Māori in Aotearoa/New Zealand Demonstrate the application of the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi to nursing practice The NCNZ as a Crown agent are accountable to Māori” through regular audit of NCNZ activities including nursing education in respect of the Treaty of Waitangi and how it is implemented through nursing practice. Nursing Council of New Zealand (NCNZ), (2011). Guidelines for cultural safety, the Treaty of Waitangi and Māori health in nursing education and practice: NCNZ. Principles of Māori health and nursing practice As a profession, nursing has a responsibility to respond to Māori health issues by improving nursing service delivery to Māori in a way that is respectful and acceptable to them. As tangata whenua, Māori health consumers may hold diverse world views concerning health which may differ from those who provide nursing services. It is essential that nurses understand the historical processes contributing to social, economic and political power relationships that have underpinned Māori health status historically. Māori health status has been lower than the Crown partner of the Treaty of Waitangi. Understanding therefore what was promised at the signing of the Te tiriti o Waitangi, Treaty of Waitangi, in 1840 and what has transpired since that time that has contributed to the current Māori health status is very important. The Nursing profession’s responsibility Nurses as crown agents must work to achieve the pae ora strategy for Māori health consumers. To achieve the outcomes as strategised by the government, nurses must understand the historical forces that have transpired between 1840 and 1975 with the initiation of the Waitangi Tribunal as to ‘why’. Life expectancy An improvement on the 2005-2007 statistics (+3 years for male and 2 years for Female) 2019 Māori women’s life expectancy 77.1Yrs Māori men 73.4 yrs Comparison Non Māori women’s life expectancy 83.5 Non Māori male 80 yrs. History 101 What contact was there between Maori and Pakeha before 1840 Treaty Video - Youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNyfSPm1jYU  1800s Contact became more regular with ships History 101 arriving Commercial activities included timber, flax, whaling stations, ship building and general trading Before 1800 Some traders had become permanent and European explorers Able began to live in Maori villages and intermarry Tasman (1642) and James Missionary arrival, first established by Cook (1769) Samuel Marsden in 1814 British and American sealers Maori economic development expanded rapidly from the 1820’s including ship and whalers were active in building industry. Wheat, potatoes and the Pacific butter were traded extensively and agriculture flourished with Maori exporting 1800 about 50 whalers and surplus to Australia and other countries in the Pacific. sealers in Aotearoa Most Pakeha were transient, by 1839 approx. 2000 settler population Maori population estimates at this time up to 400,000 8 11/27/2024 Add a footer  MAORI WERE A DIVIDED PEOPLE WHO CONNECTED THROUGH THEIR IWI (TRIBES) THESE TRIBES WERE FORMED THROUGH ANCESTRAL TIES TO A SPECIFIC WAKA (CANOES THAT THEIR ANCESTORS ARRIVED ON WHEN DISCOVERING PRE TREATY - LIFE AOTEAROA) BEFORE THE THEY WOULD LIVE OFF THE LAND SIGNING (MAORI) INTER TRIBAL WARFARE WAS NOT UNCOMMON THEY WERE RENOWNED FOR THEIR WARFARE METHODS “UTU” OR REVENGE WAS A COMMON REASON FOR CONFLICT BETWEEN TRIBES 9 11/27/2024 Add a footer  MOSTLY WHALERS, SEALERS AND MISSIONARIES WERE THE MAIN REASON FOR SETTLING IN NEW ZEALAND THE SETTLERS WOULD OCCASIONALLY LIVE WITH MAORI AND WERE AT MOST PART ACCEPTED INTO THEIR WAY OF PRE TREATY - LIFE LIFE BEFORE THE THEY WOULD INTRODUCE SUCH THINGS AS GUNS WHICH WERE TRADED FOR SIGNING (PAKEHA) LAND AND WOMEN EUROPEAN MISSIONARIES, AND LATER SETTLERS, BROUGHT WITH THEM CATTLE, SHEEP AND PIGS AS A SOURCE OF FOOD AND FIBRE, AND HORSES AND BULLOCKS TO BREAK IN FARMLAND AND TRANSPORT PEOPLE AND GOODS. THEY ALSO BROUGHT CATS TO CONTROL RODENT PESTS AND DOGS TO ASSIST WITH SHEEP FARMING. 10 11/27/2024 Add a footer  History 101 – British policy pre 1840 Pre 1830- British didn’t really James Busby appointed as see Aotearoa as a place to take British Resident (1833) and over They already had plenty of set up residence at Waitangi colonies and Aotearoa was to Maori saw Busby as a partner isolated and small that would assist with 1831 Petition sent to King William IV from 13 Rangatira understanding and and Samuel Marsden asking formalising international the King to become a “friend relations. and guardian” Concern about other nations Assisted Rangatira in interest in taking Aoteaora and selecting a national flag so the conduct of the British Maori ships could have citizens who had taken up access to Australia ports and residence including murder and enslavement of Maori in be protected from piracy the South Island 11 11/27/2024 Add a footer History 101- Maori Maori initially welcomed new comers however this soon became strained as more and more of the settler population began to ignore Maori jurisdiction and act as they wanted to beyond the law Maori began to discuss ways of dealing with the influx that was consistent with the tikanga and the obligation of manaakitanga  History 101 – Declaration of Independence –He whakaputanga o te Rangatira o Nu Tireni Busby has increasing concerns Sent to Britain which formally about other nations coming to take sovereignty of Aotearoa – recognised New Zealand's particularly the French sovereign independence in Drafted the Declaration of 1836 independence which was signed on 28 October 1835 Recognised the sovereignty of the independent tribes of New Zealand Made it clear that “no separate legislative authority” would be allowed in the country unless the rangatira appointed it so “in congress assembled”. 13 11/27/2024 Add a footer  Australia Context terra nullius’ ‘Australia belonged Maori controlled New Zealand to no one’ 1788 – British flag raised – sovereignty claimed during this time 500,000 Aboriginal people Maori were apt travellers, and dispossessed of land they had had travelled internationally occupied for 40,000 years and adopted new technology colonial institutions established and commercial interest eroding social structure of Taiwhanga first person to indigenous people successfully import a herd of population reduced to 31,000 by dairy cows 1911 sterilisation of Aboriginal women without consent ‘stolen generations’ 14 11/27/2024 Add a footer  Global perspective History of our world characterised by colonisation beginning of globalisation expansionism Christian church saving ‘heathens’ civilised peoples ‘civilising’ ’savages’ 15 11/27/2024 Add a footer  British opinion of Maori Marsden (New South Wales Chaplain) had the natives of the country are a a high opinion of Maori people: strong raw boned well made active people rather above than “the natives of New Zealand are far under the common size advanced in civilisation, and apparently prepared for receiving the knowledge of especially the men … they Christianity more than any other Savage seem to enjoy a good state of nations I have seen. Their habits of industry are very strong; and their thirst health and many of them live to for knowledge great, they only want the a good old age” means. The more I see of these people, the more I am pleased with, and astonished at their moral ideas, and character. They appear like a superior (R.E. Wright-St Clair, Maori health race of men before 1840) 16 11/27/2024 Add a footer Why a treaty Pakeha disregard of authority- enable British to control their subjects Treaty making processes common in Maori iwi politics Affirmation of Rangatira and recognition that each group be responsible for its own people Busby had no real power, he could not arrest as he was a civilian, his request to Britian for troops or warships were turned down Late 1830 speculative land purchases were taking place around the country 1839 Pakeha law abiding settlers asked the British crown for more support for Busby The New Zealand Company intentions Lord Normanby sent Captain William Hobson to acquire sovereignty over the whole or parts of the country that Maori wished to cede by negotiation a treaty. Tiriti o Waitangi The Treaty is an agreement between the British Crown (Queen Victoria), represented by William Hobson, and iwi (tribes) and hapū (sub-tribes) in New Zealand represented by rangatira (chiefs). But who agreed to what?  Influential People - Lt-Gov William Hobson Lt-Governor William Hobson 26 Sep 1792–10 Sep 1842 New Zealand’s first Governor General Arrived in New Zealand 1838 where he was officially appointed his role on 14th Feb 1839 Was a Senior Naval Officer in the British Navy and spent some time fighting in the Napoleonic War Was championed by the crown to draft the Treaty alongside James Busby Went around the country to gather more signatures from the different tribal chiefs 19 11/27/2024 Add a footer  Influential People - Rev Henry Williams Lt-Governor William Hobson 11 Feb 1792–16 Jul 1867 Responsible from translating the Treaty document from English to Maori Alongside his son Edward they were able to translate almost ALL of the treaty but there were several words which Maori did not have an equivalent translation for Along with other missionaries, he made sure that measures were put in place so that Maori weren’t being tricked by fraudulent settlers when it came to the purchase of land settlements and claims 20 11/27/2024 Add a footer Influential People - Hone Heke Lt-Governor William Hobson Also known as Hōne Wiremu Heke Pōkai Was a prominent Ngapuhi chief One of the first chiefs to sign the treaty Believed Rev Williams that the Pakeha had interests in protecting Maori authority Made a formal protest by cutting down the flagpole at Kororareka (Russel) to symbolize his disdain for the promises that were not honoured by the Crown The flagpole was cut down 4 times which eventually led to the start of the New Zealand Wars. The New Zealand Wars h ttps://www.youtube.com /playlist?list=PLv4UVR0 ErjC-c5BayBfm7OrJXL9B 4Pubg  Preamble- a commitment to a peaceful future 23 11/27/2024 Add a footer 24 11/27/2024 Add a footer  Tiriti o Waitangi A treaty is a legally binding Allowed governership instrument signed by two or (kawanatanga) to control settler more sovereign nations behaviours Signed on 6 Feb 1840 by Queen agreed to arrange Captain Hobson representing governorship over Pakeha Queen Victoria and presently living with out British eventually by more than 500 law. Rangatira Guaranteed continuing authority Recognised rights of tangata and tino rangatiratanga over whenua as set out in the their lands villages and Declaration of Independence everything else they treasured Enabled peaceful acquisition including language and cultural of land for settlement customs purposes Accorded Maori similar rights to those of British people 25 11/27/2024 Add a footer The dream was short lived Te Tiriti o Waitangi confirms Maori sovereignty while the English version states that Maori gave their sovereignty to the Queen- These are total contradictions in the translation.  Which version takes precedence Maori culture oral – what was said In international law where there 543 chiefs is any ambiguity: signed Maori version and The contra Declaration of Independence William Hobson 39 chiefs signed proferentem the English neither did principle applies, Hobson which means that a decision is made against the party that drafts the document, Maori culture impossible to and relinquish Contra sovereignty. the indigenous Rangatiranga handed down proferentum language text from ancestors takes preference 27 11/27/2024 Add a footer Were the differences in translation intentional Henry William’s (the translator) knew that if he had used the words rangatiratanga or mana in Article 1 the chiefs would not have signed it The chiefs specifically confirmed Rangatiratanga in Article 2 Were Hobson and Busby’s intentions genuine regarding the Treaty? Hobson made a proclamation of sovereignty on 21 May 1840 over the North Island 29 11/27/2024 Add a footer Legislation in breach of the Tiriti 1846: Native Land Purchase Act 1846: New Zealand Government Act 1852: NZ Constitution Act 1860: Land wars impact on decline 1867: Native schools Act 1877: Treaty considered a ‘simple nullity 1907: Tohunga Supression Act 1909: Native Health Act 2004: The Sea bed and foreshore Act Effects Maori lost: Their land Their sovereignty Their language and culture Their lives and the lives of their elders, women and children 32 11/27/2024 Add a footer  Tino rangatiratanga- - to exercise authority in respect of their own affairs, recognition of this in policy would include: Effects - preservation of a resource base (land) (natural resources for food, Loss of tino rangatiratanga recreation, rongoa) - active protection of taonga, Breakdown of traditional social material and cultural structures, loss of identity - self-management (including health programmes) Loss of te reo Maori, traditional beliefs, values and philosophy The outcome of the Treaty being Policies of assimilation breached is evident as Maori including urbanisation, resulted continue to suffer poorer health, die in social isolation and younger, and maintain lower employment rates and scholastic dislocation from whanau, hapu achievement. and iwi support Disproportionate numbers of Maori are in jail, homeless or living in poverty 33 11/27/2024 Colonisation is a process whereby power and resources are obtained from the indigenous inhabitants then redistributed to the newcomers” therefore…. Although historic, the early processes of colonisation determined the current political, social, economic and health inequalities Maori experience today  Colonial attitudes towards Maori The native race is physically, The Maoris are dying out, and organically, intellectually and nothing can save them. Our morally far inferior to the plain duty as good, European. No cultivation, no compassionate colonists is to education will create in the smooth down their dying pillow. mind of the present native race, that refinement of Then history will have nothing feeling, that delicate to reproach us with”. sensibility and sympathy which characterise the educated European…the Maori is an inferior branch of the human family 35 11/27/2024 Add a footer The outcome of colonisation today for indigenous peoples is evident in the social statistics …. in many countries they continue to suffer poorer health, die younger, and maintain lower employment rates and scholastic achievement. Disproportionate numbers of indigenous people are in jail, homeless or living in poverty’ (Robert Consedine, 2005, p 62)  The way forward “The Queen of England agrees to protect the Chiefs, the subtribes and all the people of New Zealand in the unqualified exercise of their chieftainship over their lands, villages and all their treasures” THE TREATY TINO RANGATIRATANGA PRINCIPLES EQUITY ACTIVE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIP Equal access to the benefits of a new society He Korowai Oranga - the Māori Health Strategy, (MOH in 2020). Central aim – Pae ora (healthy futures for Māori) setting out priority areas for action, key progress measures, and milestones to meet the Treaty of Waitangi obligations for improving Māori health and to achieve equitable health outcomes for Māori Strengthening Māori–Crown relationships, ensuring a commitment to act, and enable Māori, whānau, hapū and iwi to exercise control over their pathway to health and wellbeing. Supporting the role of Mātauranga Māori in the development and delivery of health services to Māori including the provision of Rongoā Māori MOH health strategy (continued) Promoting collective action by Government agencies, social sectors (including health), and communities in working towards pae ora. Enabling changes across the broader social, economic and behavioural determinants of health as key levers for improving Māori health. Kotahi te Tima (MOH newsletter provides continual updates on how the strategy is being implemented and working). Implications for nursing As a caring profession how dismayed, disbelieving or horrified are we? ‘Deficit thinking’ not an intelligent explanation for Maori health status Neither is it the basis for a positive relationship with Maori clients NCNZ guidelines Acknowledge the role of nursing in addressing inequalities Treaty as a practice framework  The nursing workforce recognizes the citizen rights of Māori and the rights to equitable access and participation to health services and delivery at all levels through: Facilitating the same access and opportunities for Māori are there are for non- Māori Pursuing equity in health outcomes Activities Please complete the discussion board Activities 1- Tiriti questions and answers 2- Tiriti breaches  References Treaty of Waitangi Questions and Awnsers. (2003). Network Waitangi:Otautahi New Zealand Nursing council (n.d). Retrieved from https://www.nursingcouncil.org.nz/Public/About/Treaty_of_Waitangi /NCNZ/About-section/Te_Tiriti_o_Waitangi.aspx?hkey=36e3b0b6-d a14-4186-bf0a-720446b56c52 Other references in text 45 11/27/2024 Add a footer