THM 1 Chapter 1 Notes PDF

CHAPTER 1 THE MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF (1) THE FOOD AND BEVERAGE COMPONENT TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY - The public looks for these services everywhere: hotels, motels, airlines, airports,...

CHAPTER 1 THE MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF (1) THE FOOD AND BEVERAGE COMPONENT TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY - The public looks for these services everywhere: hotels, motels, airlines, airports, cruise ships, trains, and shopping malls. The Relationship of Tourism and Hospitality - Food service that must be available to customers: breakfast, lunch, dinner, and - two industries that creates that create ONE snacks. large industry if combined together - Commercial restaurants: - Two industries that strongly affect one 1. Fast service restaurants another 2. Ethnic restaurants COMPONENTS OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY 3. Specialty restaurants INDUSTRY: - There are also: taverns, bars, kiosks, vending (1) Food and beverage services machines, supermarkets, food stalls, food (2) Lodging services carts, and food trucks now that offer food (3) Recreation services and beverage services. (4) Travel-related (tourism) services - Establishments for these services are found ❖ These components contribute the in: theme parks, in schools and colleges. In tourism and hospitality network. hospitals and homes for senior citizens, in NETWORK – A complicated interconnection prisons and halfway houses, and in shelter of parts or components. for the homeless. (2) THE LODGING COMPONENT - Lodging involves: Providing overnight Or long-term services for guests - For many people, lodging is a place to sleep - For others, lodging facilities not only provide beds but also entertainment and recreational facilities - This component has begun to accommodate several customer preferences – from budget motels to luxury hotels and expensive resorts - Lodging facilities that are hotels and motels that use different names: Inns, motor hotels, lodges, motor inns - Lodging establishments that use different terms such as: Bed and breakfast The components of tourism and hospitality Resort hotel network may be independent and Resort condominium competitive businesses; yet, they are Conference center interrelated and interdependent. Time-sharing Their interdependence is strong especially in those countries which rely on tourism and - Lodges that offer special facilities: hospitality for their economic development Ski Lodges in Colorado Constantly changing in connection with Casino Hotels in Las Vegas and labor, opportunity, and growth, the network Atlantic City will continue to dominate as a global industry - Lodges that also caters to the needs of those away from home:  Campgrounds, transient trailer parks, school TRANSPORTATION and college dormitories, summer camps, Main purpose: make it possible for people to health spas go from one place to another Common means of transportation are - Lodging establishments in other countries: automobiles, recreational vehicles (RVs), Parador – an old Spanish monastery buses, trains, ships, and airplanes or castle that was converted to a hotel Pension or pensione – a French or TRACEL AGENCIES and TOUR OPERATORS Italian home in which guests are provided with a room and board Modern additions to the travel and tourism Chateau – French castle or elegant world country home used as a hotel Travel agent – one who sells travel services in Ryokan – Japanese inn in which a travel agency traditional customs are observed -sells travel services that are assembled by Hostel – lodging facility in which others into “packages” inexpensive accommodations are -package is a bundle of related travel provided to students and guests on services offered to a buyer at a single price. a non-profit basis Tour operators – are wholesalers who make the necessary contacts with hotels, airlines, (3) RECEREATION AND ENTERTAINMENT and other providers of travel services and COMPONENT devise packages which will appeal to retails Entertainment originated from the buyers traditional duties of a host to entertain -volume purchasers who are able to his or her guests, whether they are negotiate lower prices because of their neighbors, or travelers from other places high-volume purchases Many centuries ago, Innkeepers, tavern- keepers, and their descendants have attended to their guests’ needs for DEFINITION OF TOURISM entertainment by talking to their guests Some provided games such as darts, TOURISM is a multidimensional phenomenon draughts, backgammon, or chess One of the first attempts to define tourism: Nowadays, guests are offered different Professors Hunziker and Krapf of Berne kinds of entertainment and recreational University, Switzerland activities such as golf, tennis, hiking, “Sum of the phenomena and relationships boating, swimming, handball, casino arising from the travel and stay of gambling, and concerts nonresidents, insofar as they do not lead to permanent residence and are not (4) TRAVEL AND TOURISM COMPONENT connected to any earning activity” TRAVEL AND TOURISM = an umbrella -distinguishes tourism from migration, which term to refer to those businesses that involves taking up permanent residence provide primary services to travelers -necessarily includes both travel and stay, it Services: Food and beverage excludes day tours services, lodging services, recreation The definition of the Tourism Society in Britain was: and entertainment services, transportation services, and the “Tourism is the temporary short-term services of travel agencies and tour movement of people to destinations outside operators the places where they normally live and work and their activities during their stay at these destinations” -this definition was reformulated by the Tourism Society in Cardiff: Tourism may be defined in terms of particular activities  selected by choice and undertaken outside MEANING OF TOURIST the home environment.” 1937 (League of Nations) defined tourist as: “A tourist is a person who visits a country Bukart and Medik (1997) cited five main other than that in which he or she usually characteristics of tourism: resides for a period of at least 24 hours” 1. Because of its complexity, tourism is a -includes persons travelling for pleasure, combination of phenomena and visiting a country on a cruise vessel even if relationships; for less than 24 hours 2. It has two essential elements: the 1963 (United Nations Conference on dynamic element or the journey and the International Travel and Tourism) static element or the stay; recommended a new definition of a visitor 3. The journey and stay are to-and-fro as: destinations outside the place of “Any person visiting a country other than residence and work; that of earning money” 4. The movement to destinations is -this definition covers two classes of visitors: temporary and short-term, with the Tourists and Excursionists intention to return within a few days, 1. Tourists. Temporary visitors staying at least 24 weeks, or months; and hours, whose purpose could be classified as: 5. Destinations are visited for purposes not a. Leisure, such as recreation, connected with paid work, that is not to holiday, health, study, religion, or be employed and not for business or sport; vocational reasons b. Business; TOURISM in the purse sense is essentially a c. Family; pleasure activity in which money earned in d. Mission; and one’s abode is spent in places visited. e. Meeting; TOURISM represents a particular form of 2. Excursionists. Temporary visitors staying less leisure, and form of recreation, but not all than 24 hours in the destination visited and forms of travel not making an overnight stay, including ❖ Tourism is distinguished from the cruise travels, but excluding travelers in concepts of leisure and recreation transit. on one hand, and from travel and ❖ At present, most countries of the migration on the other hand world accept the definitions of visitor, tourist, and excursionist that evolved DEFINITION OF HOSPITALITY out of the UN Conference on International Travel and Tourism held Derived from the Latin word hospitare (to in Rome in 1963. receive as a guest) It implies that a host is prepared to meet a ELEMENTS OF TRAVEL guest’s basic requirements while the guest is Used as criteria for defining travelers and/or away from home tourists. These are: distance, length of stay at Requirements of a guest: food, beverages, the destination, residence of the traveler, lodging, or shelter and purpose of travel Several related words come from the same Latin root: hospital, hospice and hostel A. Distance -in each of these words, the principal -distance between local travel or meaning is a host who receives, welcomes traveling within a person’s home and caters to the needs of people who are community and nonlocal travel or temporarily away from their homes traveling away from home -excludes commuting to and from work and change in residence -distance traveled on a trip – a measure that has been used to distinguish travel away from home  -trip – each time a person goes to a visas, and other conditions of entry to be place at least 100 miles away from met by tourists.) home and returns Difference between Independent and -travelers – individuals who travel at Package Tour least 100 miles in one direction from -Package tour – sometimes called inclusive home tour *Definition may be applied in -arrangement in which transport measuring travel by the residents of a and accommodation is brought by the country tourist at an all-inclusive price and the price of the individual elements cannot be B. Length of stay at the Destination determined by the tourist -the definition of tourists and -on the basis of either individual excursionists as proposed by WTO is or group travel largely based on length of stay *Tour operator-organizes package tour -TOURISTS – temporary visitors who -purchases transport and make at least one overnight stay hotel accommodations in advance, usually -EXCURSIONISTS – temporary visitors obtaining these at a lower price who do not stay overnight in the -bulk buying country that they visit. -sells the tours individually to tourists direct or through travel agents C. Residence of the Traveler -Independent Tour – tourist buys facilities -or origin of the traveler separately; reservations in advance -it is important to know where people through a travel or en route during his or her live especially for business and tour research purposes *Individual Inclusive Tour (IIT) – tourist travels to his or her destination individually D. Purpose of Travel *Group inclusive Tour (GIT) – he or she -Divided into seven: travels in the company of other tourists 1. visiting friends and relatives; THE TOURIST PRODUCT 2. conventions, seminars, and meetings; -consists of what the tourist buys 3. business; -combination of what the tourist does at the 4. outdoor recreation – hunting, fishing, destination boating, and camping -services he or she uses during his or her stay 5. entertainment – sightseeing, theater, and sports; *Characteristics of a TOURIST PRODUCTS 6. personal – family, medical, funeral, 1. Service – an intangible item, cannot be wedding; and inspected by prospective purchasers before they 7. others buy as they can with consumer goods - the purchase of a package tour involves THE NATURE OF A TOUR a high degree of trust on the part of the buyer Difference between Domestic and 2. Largely psychological in its attraction – International Tourism temporary use of a strange environment plus the -Domestic Tourism – travel taken exclusively culture and heritage of the region and other within the national boundaries of the intangible benefits such as atmosphere and traveler’s country hospitality -International Tourism – involves the 3. Tends to vary in standard and quality over time – movement of people across international a package tour cannot be consistently of equal boundaries standard -more difficult to travel outside one’s country because the country visited has a 4. The supply of the product is fixed – Great efforts different language, currency, and are made to fill hotel rooms and aircrafts by documentation requirements (passports, discounting the prices of these products at the last minute TOURIST SERVICES -As in like the number of hotel rooms available at a -Travel and stay of tourists give rise to a wide range particular resort cannot be changed to meet the of services in the course of a holiday changing demands of tourists during a particular season -1) The principal tourist services are supplied by passenger transport *Passenger transport provides the means to THE TOURIST DESTINATION reach the destination, as well as the movement at the destination. Distinctions in transport are -Geographical unit where the tourist visits and stays between public and private, domestic and -may be a village, town, city, district, region, island, international, and among the various modes – land, country or a continent sea and air. -The success of a tourist destination depends upon -2) Accommodation, food and beverage and the interrelationship of three basic factors: entertainment ATTRACTIONS, AMENITIES/ FACILITIES, ACCESSIBILITY -hotels are of vital concern to a large proportion of tourists. Attractions – may be site and event attractions - may be natural or man-made -others provide their own accommodation in the *site attraction – the destination itself has form of caravans and tents, appeal - at present, food and beverage operations cut -may be a country, geographical region such across all sectors of the travel industry since eating is as the Alps, a city, resort a necessity, as well as pleasure for travelers *event attraction – tourists are drawn to the destination solely because of what is taking - entertainment combined with amusement and place there recreation, is the primary reason why millions travel -includes congresses, exhibitions, festivals, -3) Services provided by the travel agent and by sports events the tour operator *natural attraction – mountains, beaches, and climatic features such as rain and pure air -travel agent, distributor of the product. *man-made attractions – buildings of historical -provides an intermediary function between or architectural interest such as Fort Santiago, the tourist and the providers of transport and holiday camps, or theme parks accommodation Amenities or Facilities – include -tour operator, manufacturer of the product accommodation, food, local transport, -combines the individual components of a communications, and entertainment at the holiday into a product, which is then sold directly to site the public through travel agents -however attractive a destination, its potential -4) Other tourist services include currency, for tourism will be limited unless the basic documentation, information, sightseeing, and amenities which a tourist requires are provided shopping -differ acc. to the attraction of the site -sometimes amenity is itself the principal attraction Accessibility – having regular and convenience of transport in terms of time/distance to the destination from the originating country at a reasonable price -good railways and coach services, airports, and seaports are designed to facilitate accessibility CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY -both industries emphasize a sharing and appreciation of cultures rather than the lack 1. In tourism and hospitality, the product is not of trust brought about by isolation brought to the consumer; rather, the 7. Educational significance consumer has to travel and go to the -both industries enhance one’s education. product to purchase it. -International conferences, seminars, and 2. The products of tourism and hospitality are study trips held each year enable people of not used up; thus, they do not exhaust the all nations to exchange ideas, propose country’s natural resources solutions to problems, and share their 3. Tourism and hospitality is a labor-intensive concerns industry. -provide up-to-date info to enhance -requires manpower than other industries knowledge and skills required for both 4. Tourism and hospitality is people-oriented. industries -some motivations of tourists is to meet other 8. A vital force for peace people and see how other people live -a properly developed and designed 5. Tourism and hospitality is a multidimensional tourism and hospitality can help bridge the phenomenon psychological and cultural distances that -dependent on many and varied activities separate people of different races, colors, which are separate but interdependent religions, and stages of social and 6. The tourism and hospitality industry is economic development seasonal -can help overcome prejudices and foster 7. The industry is dynamic international brotherhood and world -characterized by the changing ideas and understanding attitudes of its customers -must be always prepared and willing to adjust to changes IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY 1. Contribution to the balance of payments. -tourism and hospitality can help correct the balance of payments and deficits of many countries by earning the much-needed foreign currency in international trade 2. Dispersion of development. -international tourism and hospitality is the best means to spread wealth among countries; thus bridging the gap between the rich and poor nations 3. Effect on general economic development. -expenditures by tourists can have beneficial effects on all economic sectors -lead to the development of different industries and other economic activities 4. Employment opportunities -source of employment -since they are service industries, which could have a significant effect on those countries with surplus labor 5. Social benefits -social exchange takes place when tourists come in contact with the inhabitants of the places they visit 6. Cultural enrichment