Macro Reviewer PDF

MACRO REVIEWER Chapter 01 Components of large industry includes: 1. The Food and Beverage 2. The lodging component 3. Recreation and entertainment component 4. Travel and tourism compone...

MACRO REVIEWER Chapter 01 Components of large industry includes: 1. The Food and Beverage 2. The lodging component 3. Recreation and entertainment component 4. Travel and tourism component The Food and Beverage Food establishments are found in the theme parks, in schools and colleges, in hospitals and homes for senior citizens, in prisons and halfway houses, and in shelters for the homeless. The Lodging Component It involves providing overnight or long-term services to guests from budget motels to luxury hotels and resorts. Other terms such as bed and breakfast, resort hotel, resort condo, conference center and time-sharing Other Establishments: Parador - An old spanish monastery or castle that was converted to a hotel. Pension/Pensione - A french or italian home in which guest are provided with a room and board. Chateau - A french castle or elegant country home used as hotel. Ryokan - A japanese inn in which traditional customs are observed. Hostel - Inexpensive accommodations are provided to students and guest on non profit basis. RECREATION AND ENTERTAINMENT COMPONENT Guests are offered different kinds of entertainment and recreational activities such as gold, tennis, hiking, boating, swimming, handball, casino gambling, and concerts. Travel and Tourism Component Used together as an umbrella term to refer to those businesses that provide primary services to travelers. Transportation - To make it possible for people to go from one place to another. TRAVEL AGENCIES AND TOUR OPERATORS Travel agent - one who sells travel services in travel agencies. Tour operators - wholesalers who make the necessary contacts with hotels, airlines, and other providers of travel services. TOURISM Profs Hunziker and Krapt of Berne University, Switzerland defined tourism as the “sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and stay of nonresidents. Tourism is the temporary short-term movement of people to destinations outside the places where they normally lived and work and their activities during their stay at these destinations. HOSPITALITY - Derived from the latin word hospitare “to receive as a guest”. A host who receives, welcomes, and caters to the needs of people who are temporarily away from their homes.​ Tourist - Temporary visitors staying atleast 24hrs. Excursionist - Temporary visitors staying less than 24hrs in the destination visited and not making an overnight stay. ELEMENTS OF TRAVEL 01 Distance - Ex. Who travels 100miles from home 02 Length of stay at the destination - Can be a tourists or excursionist 03 Residence of the Traveler – Origin of the traveler 04 Purpose of Travel - VFR​ Conventions, seminars, meeting​ , Business,​ Outdoor recreations​ , Entertainment​ , personal​ others The Nature of a Tour Domestic Tourism - Within national boundaries of the travelers country. Package tour – “inclusive tour”​ - Arrangement in which transport and accommodation is bought by the tourist at all inclusive price. International Tourism - Across international boundaries​. Independent tour - Tourist buys separately, either making reservation in advance or en route during the tour proper. Individual inclusive tour (IIT)​ - Tourist travel to his destination individually. Group inclusive tour (GIT) - Travels in the company of other tourists. Notes, Slide 15 Insert to discussion: TOUR OPERATOR – organize the package tour purchase the transport/accom in advance obtanining lower cost bec they are buying in bulk(wholesale basis). THEN SELLS THE TOURS INDIVIDUALLY TO TOURIST DIRECT OR THRU TRAVEL AGENTS. The TOURIST PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURIST PRODUCT Service - It is intangible. Largely Psychological in its Attraction - It is more than a collection of services such as an aircraft seat and a hotel room. Tends to vary in standard and quality over time - A package tour cannot be consistently of equal standard. Fixed - The supply of the product is fixed. Notes, Slide 16 Service - Example: When a traveler books a city tour in Paris, they are not purchasing a physical product but rather the experience and knowledge provided by the tour guide. The value comes from the guide's storytelling, the sights seen, and the overall experience, which cannot be touched or taken home like a tangible product. Largely Psychological in its Attraction - Example: Great Wall of China Tends to vary in standard and quality over time – Example: beachfront hotel in Hawaii Fixed – Example: A concert at the Sydney Opera House The Tourist Destination ATTRACTIONS - May be a site and event attractions & May also be a natural or man-made. Notes: - Natural Attraction: The Grand Canyon in the USA is a natural attraction that draws millions of tourists every year due to its stunning landscapes and geological significance. - Man-Made Attraction: The Eiffel Tower in Paris, France, is an iconic man-made attraction that tourists visit for its historical significance, architectural beauty, and the views it offers of the city. - Event Attraction: The Rio Carnival in Brazil is a world-famous event attraction, drawing tourists for its vibrant parades, music, and cultural displays. AMENITIES or FACILITIES - Include accommodation, food, local transport, communications, and entertainment at the site. Notes: - Accommodation: A luxury hotel like the Marina Bay Sands in Singapore provides high-end accommodation with stunning views, a rooftop infinity pool, and multiple dining options. - Food: Street food markets in Bangkok, Thailand, are an essential part of the travel experience, offering a wide variety of local dishes at affordable prices.  - Local Transport: The London Underground (Tube) provides efficient and convenient transport for tourists traveling around London. - Communications: Free Wi-Fi available at cafes, hotels, and public places in cities like Tokyo, Japan, helps tourists stay connected during their travels. - Entertainment: Las Vegas, USA, offers a range of entertainment options, including shows, casinos, and nightclubs, catering to tourists looking for vibrant nightlife. ACCESSIBILITY - Means having regular and convenience of transport in terms of time/ distance to the destination from the originating country at a reasonable price. Notes: - Example: Japan’s Shinkansen (bullet train) system makes cities like Tokyo, Kyoto, and Osaka easily accessible to tourists. The trains are fast, reliable, and cover long distances in a short amount of time, making it convenient for travelers to explore multiple destinations within the country. Additionally, Japan's extensive network of international flights and well-maintained airports ensures that tourists from around the world can access the country with ease at competitive prices.​ TOURIST SERVICES The principal tourist services are supplied by passenger transport, which provides the means to reach the destination, as well as the movement at the destination Accommodation, food & beverage, and entertainment constitute the second group of tourist services The third group of tourist services consists of those provided by the travel agent and by the tour operator. The travel agent is the distributor of the product, while the tour operator is the manufacturer. Note: Other tourist services include: currency, documentation, information, sightseeing, and shopping. Characteristics of Tourism and Hospitality 1. The product is not brought to the consumer; rather, the consumer has to travel and go to the product to purchase it. 2. Are not used up; thus, they don’t exhaust the country’s natural resources. 3. Is a labor – intensive industry. 4. Is people oriented 5. Is a multidimensional phenomenon 6. Is a seasonal 7. The industry is dynamic Importance of Tourism and Hospitality 1. Contribution to the balance of payments 2. Dispersion of development 3. Effect on general economic development 4. Employment opportunities 5. Social benefits 6. Cultural Enrichment 7. Educational significance  8. A vital force for peace Chapter 02 01 TOURISM derived from hebrew word “torah” means studying, learning - This suggest that early tourism was closely linked to the pursuit of knowledge (from notes) Tourism in the Old Testament – this section traces the origins of tourism back to biblical times, specifically mentioning Noah’s Ark. The large-scale journey of Noah and the animals can be seen as an early from the travel (from notes) 02 Tourism can trace its ancestry in the Old Testament. Noah with his ark must have the large scale operator eventhough his passengers were animals. 03 Early Tourism has two forms: business and religious travels. The early Phoenicians toured the Mediterranean as traders. GREEKS and ROMANS were well-known traders notes: Early Forms of Tourism – Tourism initially took two main forms: business and religious travel. The Pheonicians, for example, were known for their trade expeditions across the Mediterranean. 04 Travel for religious reasons took the form of pilgrimage to places of worship. (Besides Rome and Jerusalem, St. James Galicia was the foremost destination of English pilgrims in the 14th century. notes: Greek and Roman Travel: In ancient times, Greeks and Romans traveled primarily for religious reasons, such as pilgrimages to places of worship. One notable destinations for English pilgirims in the 14th Century was St. James in Galicia. Notes, Slide 2 Travel Decline – After the Roman Empire fell in the 5th Century, Traveling became much harder and less common. Roads were not maintained, making them unsafe and difficult to use. Dangerous Journeys – Because roads were in poor condition, traveling was dangerous. Thieves often attacked travelers, making journey’s risky. Limited Travelers – During this time, the only people who traveled were crusaders (people in religious military expeditions and pilgrims (people traveling to holy sites for religious reasons). Notes, Slide 3 Travel for Education: During the Renaissance, British aristocrats (wealthy and noble families) started traveling to famous universities to study. This was the beginning of traveling for educational purposes.​ Cultural and Social Travel: In the 16th century, young men from wealthy families traveled across Europe, especially to France and Italy, to experience different cultures and enjoy social life. This was a way for them to learn about art, music, and society. Beachside Tourism: By the end of the 18th century, going to the beach became a popular activity for the upper class. This was the start of beachside tourism, where people would visit coastal areas for relaxation and leisure. Additionally, the term “spa” comes from the Walloon word “espa,” meaning “fountain.” The town of Spa in Belgium became famous for its healing waters, and later, London also became known for its spas in the 1660s. During the Renaissance and Elizabethan eras, travel evolved to include education, cultural experiences, and leisure activities like visiting spas and beaches. This period marked the beginning. Modern Tourism in the 19th century Two technological developments in the early part of the 19th century had great effect of the growth of tourism. Notes, Slide 4 Railways and Steam Power: In the early 19th century, trains powered by steam engines were introduced. This was a big deal because it made traveling much faster and easier. Before trains, people had to travel by horse-drawn carriages, which were slow and uncomfortable. Trains could carry many people over long distances quickly and cheaply. Thomas Cook: Thomas Cook was an important person in the history of tourism. He organized the first group trip in 1841. He took 570 people on a train trip from Leicester to Loughborough. This was the first time someone had organized a trip like this, where everything was planned out for the travelers. The cost for this trip was one shilling, which was a small amount of money at that time.​ (Travel Organizer) History of the Hospitality Industry Notes, Slide 6 Timeline of Hospitality 01 Ancient Periods - Early Traders: People started traveling for trade. They needed places to stay during their journeys.​ - The Sumerians: One of the earliest civilizations in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq). They built inns along trade routes to accommodate travelers.​ 02 Egyptian Empire - The Egyptians built grand structures like pyramids and temples. They also provided accommodations for travelers, especially those coming for trade or to see their monuments. 03 Greek Empire - The Greeks valued hospitality, known as “xenia,” which was their way of being generous to strangers. They had guest houses and inns for travelers.​ 04 Roman Empire - The Romans built extensive road networks, making travel easier. They had inns and rest stops along these roads to accommodate travelers.​ Ancient Period: The Sumerians Notes, Slide 7 The Sumerians and Hospitality 01 Recorded History of Hospitality - The Sumerians lived in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) over 4,000 years ago.​ - They were skilled farmers and cattle breeders, producing more food than they needed.​ - They sold their extra grain to other regions, which made them prosperous.​ Example: Imagine you have a garden where you grow more vegetables than your family can eat. You decide to sell the extra vegetables to your neighbors. This is similar to what the Sumerians did with their surplus grain. 02 Invention of Money and Writing - The Sumerians invented writing to keep track of their business transactions.​ - They also invented money, which made trading easier.​ - They organized themselves into city-states, each covering a large area.​ Example: Think about when you play a game where you earn points or coins, and you write down your score or savings. This is like how the Sumerians kept records of their business using writing. 03 Services for Travelers - Sumerian traders needed food, drinks, and shelter during their travels.​ - Local establishments, known as taverns, provided these services. Sometimes, women maintained these taverns in their homes.​ Example: If you’ve ever been on a long trip and stopped at a restaurant or hotel for food and rest, that’s similar to what ancient travelers did at Sumerian taverns.​ Notes, Slide 8 Early Traders​  Who were they?: Early traders were like ancient businesspeople who traveled to sell exotic (unusual or foreign) foods to people in different areas, especially in the Middle East.​  What did they do?: They traveled long distances to trade their goods, which was quite an adventure back then.​ Caravanserai​  What is it?: A caravanserai was like a hotel for these traders. It provided food and shelter to travelers on long journeys.​  Conditions: Not all caravanserais were nice places to stay. Some were dirty and had lots of bugs, so travelers tried to avoid them if they could. Example:​ Imagine you’re on a road trip with your family. Along the way, you stop at different hotels to rest. Some hotels are clean and comfortable, with good food and cozy beds. But others might be dirty, with uncomfortable beds and bugs. You would prefer to stay at the nice hotels and avoid the dirty ones. This is similar to what early traders experienced with caravanse. Empire: 3200 BC to 476 AD: 3 significant empires flourished Notes, Slide 9 Egyptian Empire - The Egyptian Empire was ruled by a king called a “pharaoh.”​ - They built huge pyramids, which were used as tombs for their pharaohs. These pyramids became famous tourist spots even in ancient times. Greek Empire - Alexander the Great was a famous leader who built a large empire around the Mediterranean Sea and extended it as far east as India.​ - The Greeks are known for their contributions to art, philosophy, and science.​ Roman Empire - The Romans built extensive road networks that connected different parts of their empire. - They constructed large arenas like the Colosseum, where they held events and games.​ - The Romans made significant advancements in architecture and engineering.​ PIONEERS in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry Cesar Ritz - Became General Manager of the Savoy Hotel London. He made the hotel a cultural center for high society. Ellsworth Milton Statler - He brought a high standard of comfort and convenience to the middle-class traveler at an affordable price. He was 1st to put telephones and radios in every guest room together with full-length mirrors, built-in closet, and special faucet for ice water. Notes, Slide 11 Cesar Ritz​  Who was he?: Cesar Ritz was a hotel manager who became the General Manager of the Savoy Hotel in London.​  What did he do?: He made the Savoy Hotel a popular place for high society, meaning it became a favorite spot for wealthy and important people to stay and socialize.​ Ellsworth Milton Statler​  Who was he?: Ellsworth Milton Statler was a hotelier who focused on making hotels comfortable and convenient for middle-class travelers.​  What did he do?: He introduced many modern features in his hotels, such as:​  Full-length mirrors​  Built-in closets​   Telephones and radios in every guest room​  Special faucets for ice water​ Conrad Hilton – Recognized as the “biggest hotel man in the world”. In 1954, he formed the first major chain of American hotels. Howard Deering Johnson - He was the pioneer of brand leveraging. He was the first to introduced franchising in 1930’s. Notes, Slide 12 Conrad Hilton ​ - was a hotel owner who became known as the “biggest hotel man in the world.”​ - In 1954, he created the first major chain of American hotels. This means he owned and operated many hotels under the same brand name, making it easier for travelers to find a familiar and trusted place to stay in different cities.​ Howard Deering Johnson​ - was a businessman who introduced the concept of franchising in the hotel industry.​ - In the 1930s, he started allowing other people to open their own hotels using his brand name and business model. This helped his brand grow quickly without him having to manage every new hotel himself. J. Williard Marriott - Founded the Marriott Corporation which has continued to be an important asset to the hospitality industry. - He started a company that has grown into one of the largest hotel chains in the world. Marriott hotels are known for providing comfortable and reliable places to stay when people travel.​ Ray Kroc - The founder of McDonald’s Corporation. - He turned McDonald’s into one of the most famous fast-food chains globally. McDonald’s is known for its quick service and consistent menu items like burgers and fries. Isadore Sharp - is the founder of Four Seasons Regent Hotels. - He started a company that has grown into a famous chain of luxury hotels known for their high- quality service and beautiful accommodations.​ Ruth Fertel - founder of Chris Steak House.​ - She created the largest upscale steakhouse chain in the USA, known for serving high-quality steaks in a nice restaurant setting.​ International Travel Patterns Notes, Slide 15 Major Travel Flows: A lot of people travel between the United States and Western Europe. This means many people from the US visit countries in Western Europe, and many people from Western Europe visit the US. Top 10 Countries for International Travel: The countries with the most people traveling internationally are:​  United States​  Germany​  United Kingdom​  Canada​  Japan​  France​  Netherlands​  Australia​  Switzerland​  Mexico Travel Within Europe: Europe has a lot of people traveling between different European countries. This is called intracontinental travel. Because of this, Europe has a large share of the worldwide travel market. Factors that favor the growth of tourism and hospitality Notes, Slide 16 & 17 Rising Disposable Income - People have more money left after paying for essentials like food and housing.​ Growth in the Number of Retired Persons - More people are retiring and have the time and energy to travel.​ Increase in Discretionary Time - People have more free time outside of work.​ Greater Mobility of the Population - It’s easier for people to move around due to better transportation options. Growth in the Number of Singles - More people are single and may choose to travel as part of their lifestyle.​ Greater Credit Availability - People can use credit cards or loans to pay for trips even if they don’t have all the money saved up.​ Higher Educational Levels - People with higher education often have better-paying jobs, allowing them to afford travel.​ Simplification of Travel Through Package Tours - Travel agencies offer packages that include flights, hotels, and activities, making it easier to plan trips.​ Growth of Multinational Business - Companies that operate in multiple countries often require employees to travel for work.​ Modern Transportation Technology - This refers to the latest developments in how we travel and move goods.​ Shift in Values - This means that what people consider important or prioritize in life is changing over time.​ Advances in Communication - This refers to improvements in how we share information and stay connected with each other.​ Smaller Families and Changing Roles - Families are generally becoming smaller, and traditional roles within families are evolving.​ Chapter 4 Businesses and corporations are regarded as components of the travel industry classified as: - Direct Providers - Support Services - Developmental Organizations Notes, Slide 2 Direct Providers: These are businesses that directly offer services to travelers, such as airlines, hotels, car rental companies, and restaurants. They provide the core services that travelers need.​  Example: A hotel providing accommodation or an airline offering flights. Support Services: These businesses support direct providers by offering additional services that help improve the travel experience. Examples include travel agencies, tour operators, insurance companies, and reservation systems.​  Example: A travel agency that helps plan and book a vacation or a company that provides travel insurance. Developmental Organizations: These are organizations, often public or government-related, that focus on developing and promoting tourism in specific areas. They work on infrastructure, regulations, and marketing to make destinations more attractive to tourists.​  Example: A tourism board that promotes a city or a government agency building new roads to improve access to tourist spots. Direct Providers - Includes businesses that are associated with travel, such as airlines, hotels, restaurants, ground transportation, travel agencies and retail shops. Notes, Slide 3 These businesses are called Direct Providers in the travel industry. They are the companies that travelers interact with directly, such as:​  Airlines for flights​   Hotels for accommodations​  Restaurants for dining​  Ground transportation services like taxis or buses​  Travel agencies for booking and planning trips​  Retail shops for shopping and souvenirs​ These businesses offer services, activities, and products that travelers use or buy directly during their trips, making them the most visible parts of the travel industry. Support Services – Lends to support Direct Providers Notes, Slide 4 These businesses are called Support Services in the travel industry. They provide specialized and essential services that help direct providers operate smoothly and enhance the overall travel experience.​ Examples of support services include:​  Tour organizers who create travel packages and itineraries.​  Travel and trade publications that provide information and news about travel destinations.​  Hotel management firms that help manage hotel operations.​  Travel research firms that analyze travel trends and customer behavior.​ Support services also include basic suppliers, such as:​  Contract laundry services for hotels and resorts.​  Contract food services that provide catering and meal services.​ While these businesses sell their goods and services directly, their offerings are not limited to tourists— they also serve local clients and other industries. Developmental Organizations - It includes planners, government agencies, financial institutions, real estate developers and educational and vocational training institutions. Notes, Slide 5 These organizations are called Developmental Organizations in the travel industry. They focus on the broader and more complex aspects of tourism development, which involves long-term planning and investment.​ Examples of developmental organizations include:​  Planners who design tourism strategies and infrastructure projects.​  Government agencies that create policies and regulations to promote tourism.​   Financial institutions that provide funding for tourism-related projects.​  Real estate developers who build hotels, resorts, and other tourist facilities.​  Educational and vocational training institutions that train professionals for the travel and tourism sector.​ These organizations focus on long-term decisions and outcomes, such as developing new tourist destinations or improving infrastructure, rather than the daily operations handled by direct providers and support services. Notes, Slide 6 Tourism Supply Components refer to the different elements that are necessary to support and enhance the tourism experience. Natural Resources: These are the natural attractions and features that draw tourists to a location, such as beaches, mountains, lakes, parks, wildlife, and climate. They provide the primary appeal and are often the main reason travelers visit certain destinations. Example: The Great Barrier Reef in Australia or Yellowstone National Park in the USA.​ Infrastructure: These are the basic facilities and services that support tourism, such as roads, water supply, sewage systems, communication networks, and electricity. Infrastructure is essential for the functioning of both the tourism industry and the overall community.​ Example: Highways that connect cities, airports, and public transportation systems.​ Superstructure: This includes the buildings and facilities specifically built for tourism purposes, such as hotels, resorts, restaurants, conference centers, and attractions like museums or theme parks.​ Example: A ski resort in the Alps or a beachfront hotel in the Caribbean.​ Transportation and Transportation Equipment: This covers all modes of transport that tourists use to travel to and within destinations, including airplanes, buses, trains, cars, and boats, as well as the vehicles and equipment needed to operate them.​ Example: An airline fleet, cruise ships, or rental car services.​ Hospitality Resources: These are the services and facilities that ensure tourists feel welcome and comfortable. This includes accommodations, food and beverage services, and the overall service quality provided by employees in the tourism industry.​ Example: Friendly staff at a hotel or a welcoming local culture.​ Notes, Slide 7 These elements are known as Natural Resources in tourism. They are the natural features and resources of a location that visitors come to enjoy and experience. This includes:​  Climate: Weather conditions like sunshine or cool temperatures that attract tourists.​   Landforms and Terrain: Mountains, hills, and valleys that provide scenic views and adventure opportunities.​  Flora and Fauna: Unique plants and wildlife that can be seen in nature parks and reserves.​  Bodies of Water: Lakes, rivers, oceans, and beaches for swimming, boating, and relaxation.​  Natural Beauty: Scenic landscapes that offer stunning views and opportunities for activities like hiking or photography.​  Water Supply: Clean water for drinking, sanitation, and recreational use.​ Example: Tourists visit the Swiss Alps to enjoy the mountain scenery, cool climate, and outdoor activities like skiing and hiking. Notes, Slide 8 These elements are known as Infrastructure in tourism. Infrastructure includes all the basic facilities and systems that support a destination and make it accessible and comfortable for tourists. This involves:​  Water supply systems: To provide clean water for drinking and sanitation.​  Sewage disposal systems: To manage waste and keep the area clean.​  Gas, electrical, and communication systems: For heating, lighting, and staying connected.​  Roads and highways: For easy travel to and around the destination.​  Airports, bus stations, and train stations: For transport to and from the destination.​  Parks, parking lots, and lighting: For recreation and safety.​  Marinas and dock facilities: For boats and water transport.​ Example: A tourist visiting New York City uses infrastructure like airports to arrive, roads and subways to get around, and water supply and sewage systems for everyday needs.​ Notes, Slide 9 These elements are known as Superstructure in tourism. Superstructure refers to the buildings and facilities specifically built for tourists to use and enjoy. This includes:​  Airport buildings and passenger terminals: Where travelers check in, board planes, and collect luggage.​  Hotels, motels, and resorts: Where tourists stay during their trip.​  Restaurants: Places to eat and drink.​  Shopping centers and stores: Places to buy goods and souvenirs.​  Places of entertainment: Such as theaters, amusement parks, and nightlife spots.​  Museums and cultural sites: For learning and cultural experiences.​ Example: When tourists visit Paris, they use superstructures like airport terminals for arrival, hotels for accommodation, restaurants for dining, and museums like the Louvre for entertainment and cultural experiences. Notes, Slide 10 These elements are known as Transportation and Transportation Equipment in tourism. This category includes all the different modes of transport that help tourists get to and around their destinations. This involves:​  Ships and cruise liners: For traveling by sea.​  Airplanes: For flying to and from destinations.​  Trains: For long-distance and local travel by rail.​  Buses: For group travel and local transport.​  Limousines and taxis: For private and convenient transport.​  Automobiles: For personal or rented car travel.​  Cog railways and aerial tramways: For special types of transportation in mountainous or scenic areas.​ Example: When tourists go on a cruise in the Mediterranean, they use ships for travel between islands. They might also use airplanes to reach their starting point and taxis to get around the city. Notes, Slide 11 Hospitality Resources in tourism refer to how welcoming and comfortable tourists feel during their visit. This includes:​  Service Quality: How well tourist services (like those in hotels, restaurants, and attractions) are provided, including friendliness and efficiency.​  Local Warmth: The overall friendliness and warmth of the local people towards visitors.​ Example: If tourists visit a small town and find that the hotel staff is friendly and attentive, the restaurant staff is welcoming, and local residents are kind and helpful, they will likely have a positive experience and feel warmly received. Notes, Slide 12 Hospitality Resources can be enhanced through:​ 1. Training Tourism Personnel: Teaching staff in hotels, restaurants, and attractions how to be friendly, helpful, and professional when interacting with tourists.​ 2. Encouraging Positive Attitudes: Motivating the local community to view tourism positively and welcome visitors warmly.​ Example: A hotel might offer training programs for its employees to improve their customer service skills, such as greeting guests warmly and addressing their needs effectively. If tourists have a positive experience due to this hospitable service, they are more likely to return and recommend the destination to others. Attitude toward self​ - If an individual's self-esteem or attitude toward self is low Notes, Slide 13 Attitude Toward Self refers to how an individual's self-esteem affects their behavior, including their work. If someone has low self-esteem, they might act in ways that reinforce their negative self-view. Attitude toward others​ - Service providers should be assisted in developing positive feelings toward fellow employees and tourists that will result in positive behavior toward the tourists. Notes, Slide 14 Attitude Toward Others involves how service providers feel and behave toward their colleagues and tourists. If service providers develop positive feelings toward their coworkers and visitors, their interactions with tourists will be more pleasant and effective.​ To improve this:​ 1. Training on Teamwork: Teach service providers how to work well with their colleagues, emphasizing the importance of cooperation and mutual support.​ 2. Encouraging Positive Interactions: Foster a positive work environment where employees feel valued and motivated to treat tourists well. Attitude toward the tourism industry​ - A positive attitude of service providers towards tourists can be brought about only when employees are made aware of how important tourism is to their country, city and community. Notes, Slide 15 Attitude Toward the Tourism Industry involves how service providers view the importance of tourism to their country, city, or community.​ To foster a positive attitude:​ 1. Educate Employees: Inform service providers about the significant impact of tourism, such as the revenue it generates, the jobs it creates, and how it benefits the local community.​ 2. Highlight Economic and Social Benefits: Show how tourism supports local businesses, contributes to public services through taxes, and helps the overall community thrive.