The Circulatory System 1 & 2 (2024-25) PDF

WEEK WEEK 26 20 MPharm Programme Normal Systems The Circulatory System 1 Dr G Boachie-Ansah [email protected] Dale 113 ext. 2617 Slide 1 of 154...

WEEK WEEK 26 20 MPharm Programme Normal Systems The Circulatory System 1 Dr G Boachie-Ansah [email protected] Dale 113 ext. 2617 Slide 1 of 154 MPharm PHA115 The Circulatory System WEEK 20 Outline of Lecture Series Overview of the components of the circulatory system & their main functions The composition of blood and the main functions of its solute & cellular constituents The gross structure & functional anatomy of the heart Cardiac cell types and their characteristic properties & functions, and the cardiac cycle The gross structure & functional anatomy of the vascular system Regulation of cardiac output & blood pressure Slide 2 of 154 MPharm PHA115 The Circulatory System  Learning Outcomes WEEK 20 At the end of this series of lectures, you should be able to: Describe the major components of the circulatory system & their main functions Describe the composition of blood and the main functions of its solute & cellular constituents Describe the location & gross anatomy of the heart Describe the cardiac cell types & their characteristic properties & functions, and the cardiac cycle Describe the structure & function of the various segments of the blood vessel or vascular system Give an account of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of cardiac output & blood pressure Slide 3 of 154 MPharm PHA115 The Circulatory System  Components of the Circulatory System WEEK 20 Three basic components Blood Transport medium through which dissolved or suspended materials (e.g. O2, CO2, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones and metabolic wastes) are carried over long distances in the body The Heart Serves as a pump that generates the cardiac output & pressure gradient needed for blood to flow to organs & tissues Blood vessels Complex network of conduits or portals through which blood is carried & distributed from the heart to all parts of the body & back to the heart Slide 4 of 154 MPharm PHA115 The Circulatory System WEEK 20 Functions of the Circulatory System Transportation Respiratory Transports O2 and CO2 Nutritive Carries absorbed products of digestion to the liver, and to organs & tissues Excretory Carries metabolic wastes to kidneys to be excreted Slide 5 of 154 MPharm PHA115 The Circulatory System WEEK 20 Functions of the Circulatory System Regulation Hormonal Carries hormones to target tissues to produce their effects Homeostasis Helps maintain the internal environment, e.g. pH & electrolyte balance, etc Temperature Diverts blood to cool or warm the body Slide 6 of 154 MPharm PHA115 The Circulatory System WEEK 20 Functions of the Circulatory System Protection Haemostasis Mediates blood clotting to prevent bleeding or haemorrhage Immunity Carries leukocytes, cytokines and complement that act to protect against invading pathogens Slide 7 of 154 MPharm PHA115 The Circulatory System WEEK 20 Blood Slide 8 of 154 MPharm PHA115 The Circulatory System  Blood WEEK 20 Slide 9 of 154 MPharm PHA115 The Circulatory System  Blood WEEK 20 Specialised liquid connective tissue Vehicle for short- & long-range mass transport of materials between cells between cells & the external environment Total volume varies with body size changes in fluid & electrolyte concentration amount of adipose tissue Constitutes ~8% of body weight 5-6 litres (males) and 4-5 litres (females) Slide 10 of 154 MPharm PHA115 The Circulatory System WEEK 20 Composition of Blood Consists of blood cells (formed or cellular elements) suspended in liquid plasma Plasma (~55%) straw-coloured liquid consists of water (~92%) and dissolved solutes specialised proteins (~7%) electrolytes (ions) nutrients, hormones and metabolic wastes Formed or cellular elements (~45%) red blood cells (erythrocytes) white blood cells (leukocytes) platelets (thrombocytes) Slide 11 of 154 MPharm PHA115 The Circulatory System WEEK 20 Composition of Blood Slide 12 of 154 MPharm PHA115 The Circulatory System WEEK 20 Composition of Blood Slide 13 of 154 MPharm PHA115 The Circulatory System WEEK 20 Composition of Blood Blood 45% 55% Formed elements Plasma Platelets Red blood cells (4.8%) (95.1%) Proteins Nutrients Gases (0.1%) (92%) (7%) Platelets Red blood cells White blood cells Electrolytes Water Proteins Wastes Nutrients Gases Hormones (4.8%) (95.1%) (0.1%) (92%) (7%) Vitamins Hormones Eosinophils Basophils Monocytes Albumins Globulins N2 O2 CO2 (1–3%) (