The Skull and Its Landmarks Part A PDF

The Skull and its Landmarks Part A Part 1 of 5 Julie Watson GDC Learning Outcomes 1.1 Aim: 1.1.1 Today we will be discussing 1.1.5 the skull and learning the various components of the 9.1 Cranium and associated 9.2...

The Skull and its Landmarks Part A Part 1 of 5 Julie Watson GDC Learning Outcomes 1.1 Aim: 1.1.1 Today we will be discussing 1.1.5 the skull and learning the various components of the 9.1 Cranium and associated 9.2 features and why they are important to us 3 Learning Outcomes By the end of Part s 1-5 you will be able to: Name the bones of the Cranium & their Sutures Label views of the cranium IdenIfy the bony features of the Sphenoid bone IdenIfy the bony features of the Ethmoid bone Discuss the relevance of the Infratemporal & PterygopalaIne Fossa’s 4 FormaAve Assessment There will be a FormaIve Assessment at the end of all the lectures. This will need to be completed and returned to Mrs Watson 5  DeCniAon The skull or Cranium is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. The skull consists of 22 individual bones.  The Skull is made of 2 secAons Neurocranium – These are the Viscerocranium – These are Cranial Bones the Facial Bones hPps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrpVzSK23Q0 7 En.wikipedia.org Courses.lumenlearning.com  Internal – inner/inside Glossary External – outer/outside ArIculate – joining/touching Medial – towards midline Ridge – Raised linear elevaIon Lateral – Away from midline Foramen – opening/hole to allow Anterior – Towards the front passage of blood/nerve Posterior – Towards the back Fossa – shallow depression Inferior – Underneath/below Process – large disIncIve projecIon Superior – Above Canal – A tunnel through bone Super`cial – Nearer the skin Groove – an open channel Deep – Away from the skin Tubercle – small prominent elevaIon Roof – top Eminence – elevaIon of bone Floor - BoPom Tuberosity – bulbous feature Plate – aat area of bone Margin – border/edge 8 The Neurocranium BiologydicIonary.net FuncAon of the Neurocranium ProtecIon APachment sites for both origin and inserIon of the Muscles of Facial Expression & Muscles of masIcaIon Framework for the cranial and orbital caviIes *PAF: Protects All FuncIons 10  Lobes of the Brain The Cerebrum is divided into 4 lobes: Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal hPps://may`eldclinic.com/pe-anatbrain.htm 11  What are the Lobes responsible for? Frontal Parietal Interprets language, words Personality, behaviour, emoIons Sense of touch, pain, temperature (sensory Judgement, planning, problem solving strip) Speech, speaking, and wriIng (Broca’s area) Interprets signals from vision, hearing, motor, sensory and memory Body movement ( motor strip) SpaIal and visual percepIon Intelligence, concentraIon, self awareness 12 Psychologytoday.com  Occipital Temporal Interprets vision (colour, light and Understanding language (Wernicke's movement) area) Memory Hearing Sequencing and organizaIon 13 Psychologytoday.com  Broca and Wernickes Areas Wernicke's area: lies in the lek temporal lobe. Broca’s area: lies in the lek frontal lobe Damage to this area causes Wernicke's aphasia. The If this area is damaged, one individual may speak in long may have dilculty moving the sentences that have no tongue or facial muscles to meaning, add unnecessary produce the sounds of speech. words, and even create new The person can sIll read and words. understand spoken language They can make speech sounds, but has dilculty in speaking however they have dilculty and wriIng (i.e. forming lePers understanding speech and are and words, doesn't write within therefore unaware of their lines) – called Broca's aphasia. mistakes. 14 Biomedguide.com The Neurocranium - Sutures www.pinterest.com  Coronal suture - unites the frontal bone with the parietal bones Sutures SagiNal suture - unites the 2 parietal bones in the midline Lambdoid suture - unites the parietal The main sutures of the skull are the bones with the occipital bone Coronal, SagiPal, Lambdoid and Squamosal suture - unites the Squamosal sutures. squamous porIon of the temporal The Metopic suture (or frontal suture) bone with the parietal bones is variably present in adults. Metopic suture - (if present) unites the 2 fontal bones  Coronal Suture The Coronal Suture unites the Frontal Bone with the Parietal Bones 17 Kenhub.com SagiNal Suture SagiPal Suture unites the 2 Parietal Bones in the midline 18 Enwikipedia.org  Lambdoid Suture The Lambdoid suture unites the Parietal Bones with the Occipital Bone 19 Commons.wikimedia.org Nexusneurosurgery.com  Squamosal Suture Squamosal Suture unites the squamous porIon of the Temporal Bone with the Parietal Bones 20 Enwikipedia.org Radiopeadia.org  Metopic Suture Metopic Suture if present, unites the 2 Frontal Bones 21 dx.doi.org Researchgate.net  You're going well! End of Part 1 22 Metro.co.uk