The Modern Migration Crisis 9° PDF

**The Modern Migration Crisis 9°** Immigration is the international movement of large groups of people to a destination country of which they are not usual residents or where they do not possess nationality in order to settle as permanent residents to escape from situations that affected them in th...

**The Modern Migration Crisis 9°** Immigration is the international movement of large groups of people to a destination country of which they are not usual residents or where they do not possess nationality in order to settle as permanent residents to escape from situations that affected them in their country of origin. Commuters, tourists, and other short-term in a destination country do not fall under the definition of immigration or migration; seasonal labor is sometimes included, however. As for economic effects, research suggests that migration is beneficial both to the receiving and sending countries. studies suggest that the elimination of barriers to migration would have profound effects on world. Some development economics argue that reducing barriers to labor mobility between developing countries and developed countries would be one of the most efficient tools of poverty reduction. **Colombian migration** Colombian migrants, especially in the US and Spain, have higher educational levels and, in general, they improve their economic situation compared to before departure. Unfortunately, there is no standardized, continuous and regular information on Colombian migration. Migration has increased from nearly 3 million in the past decade to 4.3 million Colombians living abroad nowadays. According to Migración Colombia (2019) the main destinations in 2018 were the USA (31.7%), Mexico (10.6%) and Spain (9.8%), followed by Panamá, Ecuador, Perú, Venezuela (3.7%), Chile, Brazil, Dominican Republic, in that order. Historically, the main motives for migration have been the internal conflict experienced in Colombia during the past century and the economic instability caused by the economic crisis of the late 90s (Migration Policy Institute, 2015), other reasons are the changes in US immigration legislation and improvement on income perspectives. On the other side, research has found extensive evidence of discrimination against foreign-born and minority populations in criminal Justice, business, the economy, housing, health care, media, and politics in the United States and Europe. In our country, Venezuelan immigrations have increased dramatically over the past years affecting mainly the Colombian informal markets and highlighting a policy challenge in terms of regularization and insertion of immigrants into social security schemes. The boarder situation with Venezuela has caused an almost total broke down of any commercial relation with that country. The increase on labor offer, especially of workers with only secondary education, the barriers on degree validation, the increase on irregular immigration and on their participation in the informal market, has hindered the Venezuelan integration into formal labor markets and lead to increases on their unemployment rate. Obando, M., Homez, G. & González, M. (2020). The role of migration in Colombia's competitiveness. Departamento Nacional de Planeación. Retrieved from [[https://www.dnp.gov.co/LaEntidad\_/misiones/mision-internacionalizacion/Documents/English\_Politics\_Notes/The\_role\_of\_migration\_in\_Colombia\_competitiveness.pdf]](https://www.dnp.gov.co/LaEntidad_/misiones/mision-internacionalizacion/Documents/English_Politics_Notes/The_role_of_migration_in_Colombia_competitiveness.pdf) **What is the primary motivation behind immigration as defined in the provided content?** Opciones A) To pursue educational opportunities abroad. B) To seek temporary work opportunities. C) To travel for leisure purposes. **D) To escape unfavorable situations in their home country.** **Which of the following groups is explicitly NOT considered part of the immigration definition?** Opciones A) Refugees fleeing conflict in their home country. B) Permanent residents seeking better living conditions. **C) Seasonal workers migrating for a short period.** D) Commuters traveling daily to work. **What do studies suggest about the effects of migration on both receiving and sending countries?** Opciones A) Only sending countries benefit from migration. **B) Migration is beneficial to both receiving and sending countries.** C) Migration has no significant economic impact. D) Migration is a burden on the economy of both countries. **According to development economics, what is considered a highly effective tool for poverty reduction?** Opciones A) Increased economic barriers to migration. **B) Reducing barriers to labor mobility between countries.** C) Improved educational access in developing countries. D) Encouraging seasonal labor migration only. **What does the definition of immigration exclude?** Opciones **A) Tourists and short-term visitors.** B) Families reuniting in a foreign country. C) People who hold dual nationality. D) Individuals moving for permanent settlement.