DOCTORADO EN PEDAGOGÍA DE LA DESCOLONIZACIÓN - MÓDULO 25 - POLÍTICAS DE CONVIVENCIA SOCIAL PARA LA TRANSFORMACIÓN DE LA REALIDAD EDUCATIVA PDF

# DOCTORADO EN PEDAGOGIA DE LA DESCOLONIZACION ## MODULO 25 ### POLÍTICAS DE CONVIVENCIA SOCIAL PARA LA TRANSFORMACIÓN DE LA REALIDAD EDUCATIVA #### **PRESENTACIÓN** La Universidad Pedagógica es una institución desconcentrada del Ministerio de Educación. - It is part of the Vice Ministry of Hig...

# DOCTORADO EN PEDAGOGIA DE LA DESCOLONIZACION ## MODULO 25 ### POLÍTICAS DE CONVIVENCIA SOCIAL PARA LA TRANSFORMACIÓN DE LA REALIDAD EDUCATIVA #### **PRESENTACIÓN** La Universidad Pedagógica es una institución desconcentrada del Ministerio de Educación. - It is part of the Vice Ministry of Higher Education for Professional Training. - It also belongs to the General Directorate of Teacher Training. The institution has a consolidated institutional presence: - both nationally and internationally - in post-graduate training for teachers - in the qualification of the training in the specialty - in the production of knowledge - in the scientific resolution of problems in the socio-educational field. The University responds to the needs of the Plurinational Educational System of Bolivia. This is done in the framework of the: - Political Constitution of the State - the Law of Education N° 070, also known as"Avelino Siñani Elizardo Pérez". #### **In this regard, the postgraduate training processes are structured under a system centered on:** - the deepening and qualification of the specialty - integrated, comprehensive, complementary and systematic studies and investigations. The system aims to provide the skills needed to develop high-quality educational processes. It focuses on: - practical, theoretical, methodological and investigative approaches - based on the country’s educational policies. To achieve this, the University has prepared modules that include content sections: - “To Think” - “To Deepen” - “See Also” - “Did You Know?” These content sections are designed to: - energize the training process - provide access to digital resources. - The digital resources include: - software - videos - articles These resources can be found on the university’s virtual campus. The Rector of the Pedagogical University, Crispín Ticona Ayaviri, emphasizes the importance of the institution’s role in responding to the needs of the country’s educational system. He also highlights the need to develop high-quality educational processes in the framework of its educational policies. #### **MAPA MENTAL** The document includes a map with the following four parts: **1. Transformar las estructuras y relaciones sociales, políticas y económicas que han sido históricamente dominadas por el patriarcado, erradicando las desigualdades de genero y promover la igualdad de oportunidades y derecho** **2. Prevenir y abordar las causas y consecuencias de todo tipo de violencias, ,promovi endo la igualdad de género, igualdad de oportunidades y derechos para todas las personas, independientement e de su género, orientación sexual, identidad de género, raza, etnia, religión, étnica, etc.** **3. Promover la justicia social y la igualdad de oportunidades para todos, identificando y abordando las causas y consecuencias de las injusticias en la sociedad actual, además de analizar las causas y consecuencias de las injusticias en la sociedad actual, promoviendo la justicia social y la justicia y de** **4. Promover la formación de ciudadanos críticos y reflexivos, capaces de analizar y abordar las problemáticas sociales desde una perspectiva ética y normativa, a través de la educación y la formación integral, para analizar y abordar problemas sociales complejos, con participación de la** ## UNIDAD TEMÁTICA 1 ### DESPATRIARCALIZACIÓN Y MODERNIDAD **“El patriarcado y el colonialismo constituyen la base sobre la que se construyó el modelo capitalista y el sistema de dominación que deben erradicarse de la sociedad, el Estado y su administración”** - Elizabeth Salguero Carrillo #### **Lectura motivadora** **Colonialismo Patriarcal** - The relationship between the white civilized person and the indigenous person was violent. - The country's economic and political structure was based on the exploitation of the indigenous population. - This exploitation was based on: - racism - machismo The colonial system perpetuated the idea of an ideal woman. - She was based on the image of white, European women. - This ideal was what all women were expected to aspire to. This created a rigid structure that: - divided people based on race and class - perpetuated the system of the white women dominating within the home and the indigenous women working in the mines and haciendas. - The indigenous women faced double oppression: because they were women and because they were indigenous. The document explains that the Marxist and neoclassical schools of thought do not take into account the oppression of women. - The Marxists prioritized class interests, and the neoclassical school of thought presented the family as a unified unit with common interests. - This approach neglects the division of labor based on gender and the consequences of patriarchal relations. #### **Introducción** The document introduces the concept of despatriarcalization. It is a critical, political and cultural process that aims to dismantle patriarchal structures that have impacted society. - This concept is connected to both feminist and decolonial struggles. - It is not only about equality between genders but also a radical transformation of the systems that perpetuate gender oppression. In the Latin American context, despatriarcalization has gained relevance. - It became part of public policies, recognizing patriarchy as a structural issue. - This issue affects all of society, not just women. - Despatriarcalization has global implications because patriarchy is a system that transcends cultures, economies and borders. The document discusses how despatriarcalization can be achieved through education. The key to this transformation is: - establishing strategies, methods and practices of freedom - promoting gender equality - preventing gender-based violence The document reminds us how institutions, such as the family, the church, and the media contribute to the perpetuation of patriarchal values. It is important to challenge these dominant ways of thinking. #### **1. Relación con la modernidad: tensiones, contradicciones y oportunidades** The document discusses the relationship between modernity and despatriarcalization. Modernity is associated with: - reason - progress - emancipation But it is also a system that has perpetuated forms of domination. - This includes colonialism and patriarchy. Modernity has positive qualities. It is a source of: - values of equality - Justice These values have supported: - feminist and despatriarchal movements - the development of concepts like human rights. However, modernity is also: - exclusive - perpetuates the notion of women as “the other” in relation to men. #### **1.1. Relación con la modernidad: tensiones, contradicciones y oportunidades** The document delves deeper into the relationship between modernity and despatriarcalization. - Modernity has contributed positively to feminism and despatriarchal movements, thanks to values like equality and justice. - At the same time, modernity promotes ideas of universalism that are based on a masculine, western, colonial perspective. The document explores how these ideas have: - made women invisible, especially indigenous women - contributed to the perpetuation of the system's power. - overlooked the impact of Western science on the exclusion of women and other knowledge systems. Despatriarchalization challenges these structures and aims to create: - a more just and equitable society #### **1.2. Despatriarcalización en el contexto de la modernidad** Despatriarchalization aims to: - challenge dominant narratives - offer alternative pathways This process is multi-dimensional involving: - a critical analysis of the relationship between patriarchy and modernity - an understanding of the tensions, contradictions and opportunities of this relationship The document explains that: - despatriarchalization is based on theoretical foundations that analyze the historical roots and cultural perspectives - despatriarchalization aims to deconstruct patriarchal structures and offer alternative ways of thinking. The document also aims to explore the following questions: - What are the practical examples and public policies of despatriarcalization, specifically in Latin America and Bolivia? - What is the role of education and culture in promoting a despatriarchalized society? - What are the challenges ahead? ## UNIDAD TEMÁTICA 2 ### PREVENCIÓN DE VIOLENCIAS EN LA SOCIEDAD HODIERNA, FEMINISMOS – MASCULINIDADES, DIVERSIDAD Y CULTURAS URBANAS GENERACIONALES **“Nadie puede hacerte sentir inferior sin tu consentimiento”** - Eleanor Roosvelt #### **Lectura motivadora** The document begins by examining the root causes of the violence in the country. These include: - poverty - unemployment - underemployment - an urban crisis - lack of access to essential resources The document highlights the need to look beyond these initial problems. It emphasizes the importance to address the: - social consequences - these consequences stem from the social ills - these include: - insecurity - violence. The document explains that violence is rooted in a long history. The country's history has witnessed: - different levels of intensity - new forms of violence The document notes that: - Bolivia was not previously considered a violent country - the country is now experiencing an upward spiral of violence This spiraling violence is different from that of the past. It can be attributed to: - profound economic changes - a need to adapt and modify the path to greater well-being. #### **Introducción** The document discusses the complex nature of violence in the country. This includes: - numerous forms of violence - different interpretations of "violence" based on specific contexts - different actors involved - the historical and contemporary nature of violence. The document emphasizes the importance of an integrated analysis of violence that examines its root causes. - These causes stem from: - structural inequalities in the country - discrimination - marginalization. These factors encourage a culture of violence. This leads to specific challenges: - violence against women #### **1. Tipos de Violencia: Estructural, Cultural, Simbólica y Física** The document explores different forms of violence. These include: **a) Violencia estructural:** - It refers to systemic inequalities embedded in social, economic, and political structures. - It manifests as: - marginalization - poverty - exclusion - These affect specific groups of people **b) Violencia cultural:** - It refers to norms, values, beliefs, and practices that legitimate and perpetuate other forms of violence. - It is manifested in: - discourses - traditions - symbols **c) Violencia simbólica:** - It refers to forms of domination that are often invisible. - It is manifested in: - language - images - meaning **d) Violencia física:** - It includes: - aggression - torture - abuse - murder The document concludes that violence is a reflection of the systemic oppression that includes: - structural - cultural - symbolic violence. #### **1.1. La Intersección entre Violencia de Género y Otros Sistemas de Opresión** The document explains that: - gender-based violence does not occur in isolation - it is interwoven with other systems of oppression such as: - racism - classism - homophobia. The document introduces the concept of intersectionality. - This concept recognizes that the experiences of oppression can overlap and that individuals often face multiple forms of discrimination simultaneously. #### **1.2. Impacto de la Violencia en los Entornos Urbanos y Generacionales** The document discusses the intersection of: - violence and urban environments - violence and generational dynamics. The document explains that: - urban environments intensify the presence of violence - poverty - economic inequality - social fragmentation - all contribute to these issues The document examines how: - younger generations are impacted by digital technologies - older generations are affected by issues like: - limited access to healthcare - unemployment - discrimination, The document concludes that: - violence in urban environments takes on a multidimensional form - this includes: - interpersonal - structural violence. ## UNIDAD TEMÁTICA 3 ### CONCEPTO DE JUSTICIA EN LA SOCIEDAD ACTUAL “La verdadera justicia social se logra cuando se escucha la voz de los marginados y se les da la oportunidad de participar en la toma de decisiones." - Rigoberta Menchú” #### **Lectura motivadora** The document promotes: - a collective struggle - the importance of active participation - the need to fight for the collective good. It argues that: - justice is not just a matter of laws and order - it is a matter of humanity. #### **Introducción** The document explains that: - justice has become a complex concept - this complexity stems from: - the increasing complexity of contemporary societies - the persistence of inequality and injustice. The document highlights the: - importance of active citizenship - the need for collective action #### **1.1. Definición de Justicia e Injusticia - Enfoques Teóricos y Prácticos** The document explores the concept of justice from a theoretical perspective. It examines: - ancient and contemporary approaches **a) La Justicia como Ideal Filosófico** - Justice is a normative ideal. - It recognizes that: - individuals have rights - individuals have responsibilities - society needs to establish balance between these. The document discusses how: - Plato and Aristotle approached the concept of justice - Plato saw justice as a harmonious balance within society that ensures social order - Aristotle differentiated between: - distributive justice (which focuses on fair distribution of resources) - commutative justice (which focuses on fair transactions). **b) Justicia desde una Perspectiva Contemporánea** The document examines how modern society views justice, using three different dimensions: - **Distributive justice:** - This focuses on the equitable allocation of goods and resources - like education, healthcare, and employment - **Social justice:** - This focuses on how social structures impact our access to fundamental rights - the document specifically mentions gender, race, and class. - **Environmental justice:** - This acknowledges the need for everyone to have access to environmental resources - It stresses the protection of the environment as an essential component of justice. **c) La Injusticia como Contraparte** The document explores injustice, highlighting how it manifests in: - inequality - exclusion - systemic oppression. **d) Ejemplos de injusticia:** - The document provides examples of injustice that are prevalent in many societies. These include: - gender-based discrimination in the workplace - racialized communities experiencing limited access to justice - indigenous voices being excluded from political decision-making. #### **1.2. Sistemas de Opresión y Desigualdad Estructural - Género, Raza y Clase** The document discusses three key systems of oppression: **a) Desigualdad de Género** This system: - limits opportunities for women and non-binary individuals - affects their access to resources - results in: - poor representation in politics - unequal participation in society. **b) Desigualdad Racial** The document discusses how racism: - perpetuates structural inequalities - affects the lives of racialized communities - often manifest as: - limited access to resources - overrepresentation in poverty statistics. **c) Desigualdad de Clase** The document describes how: - class inequality is a fundamental feature of capitalism. This inequality: - perpetuates poverty - concentrates wealth in the hands of a few - widens the gap between those who have and those who have not. The document also emphasizes the role of education in perpetuating or transforming these inequalities. #### **1.3. Rol de las Epistemologías del Sur en la Reinterpretación de la Justicia** The document examines the importance of: - decolonizing knowledge - reimagining the concept of justice The author introduces the concept of "epistemologies of the South", which: - challenge eurocentric narratives that have dominated the theory of justice - argue for the inclusion of knowledges and experiences from marginalized communities The document highlights how: - decolonizing knowledge is key to reimagining justice - this includes: - understanding the diverse forms of knowledge systems present in Indigenous communities - recognizing the limitations of Western legal and educational systems - this can be achieved using: - oral history - a methodology that incorporates Indigenous perspectives - this process can bring about changes in the legal, political, and educational spheres. The document emphasizes that: - oral history can serve as a tool for justice - its value lies in: - documenting the experiences - raising the voices of the marginalized - empowering communities to recover their stories and memories. The document calls for: - a shift in thinking about justice - one that recognizes the need for: - active participation - a collaborative process - a transition from top-down approaches to a more collaborative and bottom-up approach - a justice that is built on the strength of communities. #### **2. Imagen de la Institucionalidad en la Sociedad Actual** The author discusses the: - important role of institutions in society - how they shape societal dynamics - their potential to promote or hinder equality The document highlights: - the challenges and opportunities of the present day - the need for a critical examination of institutions - the importance of adopting feminist and decolonial approaches to the understanding of institutions. The document seeks to: - explore how to create a more just and equitable society - build inclusive, transparent, and accountable institutions. #### **2.1. Confianza y Desconfianza en las Instituciones - Causas y Consecuencias** The document explores: - the importance of trust in institutions - how trust influences: - social cohesion - respect for laws. The document also examines: - the consequences of mistrust in institutions - these consequences include: - the weakening of citizen participation in democracy - the rise of anti-system movements - social fragmentation #### **2.2. Papel de las Instituciones en la Promoción o Perpetuación de la Desigualdad** The author: - examines how institutions can perpetuate inequalities - identifies how they can act as agents of change. The document highlights the need for: - structural transformations within the institutions - including: - reforms - training - community involvement #### **2.3. Modelos Alternativos de Institucionalidad desde una Perspectiva Descolonial y Feminista** The document proposes: - alternative institutional models - it calls for a shift: - from centralized structures to decentralized models The document examines: - the importance of recognizing indigenous perspectives - promoting community justice systems - involving communities in decision making. The document highlights: - the role of an inclusive and intercultural educational system - a system that: - adopts a feminist perspective on the relationship between genders - incorporates community-based approaches to justice. #### **3. Propuestas para una Justicia Transformadora** The document proposes: - a transformative justice approach - one that goes beyond simply addressing past injustices It seeks to: - transform structural inequalities - promote equitable and solidarity-based relationships This approach requires: - an understanding of gender equality - decolonization - a commitment to community participation. The document examines: - key principles and approaches of transformative justice - examples of transformative justice in practice The document explores: - the potential of education as an engine for justice - its ability to: - dismantle structures that perpetuate injustice - create a more just and equitable society. The document examines the: - importance of decolonizing knowledge - the need to: - integrate diverse perspectives - challenge eurocentric narratives The document also details: - the importance of: - community participation - building more inclusive and empowering educational systems. ## UNIDAD TEMÁTICA 4 ### INTRODUCCIÓN AL DESARROLLO NORMATIVO EN LA EDUCACIÓN “La educación debe ser un proceso de socialización que ayude a los estudiantes a desarrollar su propia identidad y su sentido de pertenencia a la sociedad, y a la vez, les permita desarrollar su propia moralidad y su propio sentido de la justicia." - Erik Erikson "La infancia y la sociedad" (1950) #### **Lectura motivadora** The document emphasizes the power: - of education as a tool for: - liberation - transformation The document shares the story of: - Paulo Freire, whom the author credits with teaching: - the importance of critical thinking - the need for action to bring about change. Paulo Freire believed that: - education is more than just learning to read and to write. - It is a process of transformation. #### **Introducción** The document explores: - how the educational system is structured - how it responds to social challenges. The document recognizes: - the importance of developing: - educational policies - regulations - standards - These are essential for ensuring access to a quality education. It also highlights that: - this process is politically charged - it reflects the power dynamics, cultural values, and political agendas of a society. #### **1. Definición y Alcance del Desarrollo Normativo en el Ámbito Educativo** The document defines the concept of “development of educational norms.” - **The development of educational norms** refers to the creation of policies, laws, and regulations. - These elements guide the operation of the educational system. - The norms influence how the system operates. The document examines: - major components of the development of educational norms: - educational policies - regulations - standards - evaluation mechanisms - operational tools. #### **2.2 Alcance del desarrollo normativo** - Educational norms are designed to guide the educational system across different dimensions. - They play a vital role in the well-being of the country, ensuring: - universal access to education - equity - quality - that education addresses the needs of society. #### **2.3. Impacto de las normativas en la educación** The document emphasizes the importance of ensuring: - that education is: - inclusive - just - that it addresses structural inequalities. The document highlights: - the importance of considering the impact of: - design - implementation - This is critical for achieving: - equity - inclusion - justice. #### **3. Relación entre Políticas Educativas y Problemáticas Sociales** The document explores: - the role of education in addressing social challenges - the realities of the education system - how this system is shaped by social issues, such as: - poverty - gender inequality - cultural exclusion - violence. #### **3.1 La educación como herramienta para abordar problemáticas sociales** The document discusses: - the important role of education - its potential to address: - economic opportunities - social mobility - cultural cohesion. However, the document emphasizes: - the need for more robust policies to drive change - the need to address the structural issues that perpetuate inequalities. #### **3.2 Introducción a los Enfoques Críticos en el Diseño Normativo** The document explores: - the critical approaches to designing educational norms - these approaches: - question traditional assumptions - support a more transformative education - strive for more inclusivity in the education system. The document examines the: - principles of critical approaches to education - these principles include: - decolonizing knowledge: - This calls for: - incorporating indigenous and ancestral knowledges - challenging eurocentric perspectives. - gender perspective: - This calls for: - promoting gender equality - eliminating barriers for girls and women - community participation: - This calls for: - a more collaborative approach - a focus on the needs of communities. - justice: - It requires: - addressing structural inequalities - promoting inclusion The document highlights: - the role of oral history - its value as a tool for: - integrating marginalized voices - informing policy-making #### **4. Problemáticas Sociales y su Impacto en la Educación** The document explores: - the impact of social issues on the educational system - the need to: - address the root causes of: - poverty - exclusion - gender inequality - violence - ensure that education is: - inclusive - equitable - just. #### **4.1 Pobreza y Exclusión Social: Impacto en el Acceso y Calidad de la Educación** The document examines: - the impact of poverty: - on access to quality education - on the quality of schooling - The document examines the: - factors that link poverty to school exclusion - these factors include: - the cost of school - child labor - lack of infrastructure. The document also explores: - the impact of poverty on the quality of education - this includes: - overcrowded classrooms - limited resources - high dropout rates. The document discusses the importance of: - developing strategies - These are designed to: - address school exclusion and poverty. #### **4.2 Desigualdad de Género y Diversidad Cultural en el Sistema Educativo** The document examines: - gender inequity's persistence in global education systems - the barriers faced by girls and women - the need for policies and strategies to promote: - equity - quality education - equal opportunities. #### **4.3. Inclusión y Representación en la Esfera Pública y Privada** The document explains that: - inclusion in the public domain means ensuring equal access to: - political - economic - social participation The document highlights the need for: - more inclusive and equitable representation in the political sphere - the need to combat discrimination to promote inclusivity. The document stresses: - the importance of: - transforming the private sphere - This in turn helps promote: - equality - respect. The document explains how: - transformational cultural change - This can be achieved by: - challenging gender stereotypes - promoting respect and equality. #### **5. Educación Intercultural** The document explores the importance of: - incorporating intercultural approaches to education. This approach: - values cultural, linguistic, and epistemological diversity. - promotes: - mutual learning - a rejection of assimilation - a fostering of respect. The document: - discusses specific examples - it examines: - the challenges faced by culturally diverse education - the opportunities present in the field The document argues for the inclusion of: - diverse cultural and gender perspectives - it calls for: - revising - reforming educational materials - promoting respectful dialogue. #### **6. La Educación como Herramienta para la Justicia Social** The document explores: - the transformative potential of education - its ability to promote: - social justice - equity - build more inclusive and equitable societies. This requires: - challenging existing structures - adopting: - intercultural - inclusive - decolonial approaches The document explores: - the perspectives of Aguado and Del Olmo, who advocate: - inter-cultural education The document also examines: - the need to: - decolonize - despatriarchalize the education system. #### **7. Inclusión de la Diversidad Cultural y de Género en los Currículos Educativos** The document explains: - the importance of including: - cultural diversity - gender diversity in the curriculum - It argues for: - recognizing - valuing - incorporating these diverse perspectives. The document highlights the benefits of: - a culturally and gender-inclusive education - this includes: - promoting appreciation for differences - enhancing learning - fostering a sense of belonging. The document examines the challenges associated with: - inclusion - these challenges include: - resistance from social and cultural sectors - lack of support for educators - limited availability of inclusive resources. #### **8. Políticas y Normativas para la Atención de Problemáticas Sociales** The author explores: - the critical role of: - policies - educational norms - these norms: - guide the education system - address social problems - ensure that the system is: - equitable - just. #### **9. Marco Normativo Nacional e Internacional en Educación y Derechos Humanos** The document examines the: - international framework that: - recognizes the right to education - guarantees equal access to: - inclusive - equitable - quality education The document explores: - important legal documents - these documents include: - The Declaration of Human Rights - The Convention on the Rights of the Child - the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. #### **10. Historia Oral y la Construcción de Normativas Educativas** The document explores the importance: - of oral history - this is as a powerful tool for: - recovering - preserving the voices and experiences - This process enables the: - construction of memory - the creation of more inclusive educational systems The document: - highlights the importance of: - incorporating oral history - bringing its perspectives into: - curricula - policy-making. The document examines the: - principles of oral history - its connection to: - community participation - collective memory. The document highlights the: - value of oral history - Its ability to: - empower communities - promote: - social justice - critical thinking. #### **11. Propuestas Pedagógicas para una Educación Transformadora** The document: - explores how education: - can be used to: - promote equality - address: - violence - exclusion - inequality in school systems. The document discusses: - the use of critical pedagogy - It challenges: - structural inequalities - promotes: - autonomy - transformative thinking. The document shares: - pedagogical strategies: - these include: - community participation - building safe and inclusive spaces. #### **12. Educación para la Equidad de Género y la Diversidad Cultural** The document emphasizes: - the importance of: - gender equality in education - providing equal opportunities for: - girls - boys - everyone - This includes promoting a: - diverse and inclusive educational system. The document explores strategies for a: - gender-inclusive education - these strategies include: - refocusing the curriculum - challenging stereotypes - providing adequate training for teachers - creating safe learning spaces. The document also examines: - the value of ensuring: - cultural diversity in education - This includes: - promoting respect for diverse cultural perspectives. - It calls for: - intercultural education The document discusses strategies for: - achieving a more inclusive school system - this system should: - incorporate: - diverse cultures - histories - experiences - create materials that reflect the reality of students’ diverse cultures. #### **13. Evaluación y Perspectivas Futuras** The document explores: - how to: - evaluate the policies - strategies for: - achieving: - equity - inclusion - transforming education. The document also discusses the: - importance of: - community participation - This is essential for: - designing - implementing policies that are relevant and sustainable. The document concludes: - by emphasizing the: - importance of: - transforming the educational system - creating a more just and equitable society. # Conclusion The document provides an informative and nuanced overview of educational policies and practices. It: - addresses critical issues of gender, race, and class. - It argues: - for a more inclusive and equitable educational system - that considers: - social context, - the importance of: - community participation - decolonizing knowledge. - It offers clear and actionable steps for education reform that can lead to significant social change. The document is an essential resource for educators, policy-makers, and anyone who is committed to creating a more just and equitable society. <start_of_image> It is an excellent example of how critical pedagogy can be used to challenge the status quo and envision a brighter future.