AP CompGov Unit 1.5-1.10 Test Review PDF

**[Test Review: APCompGov Unit 1.5-1.10]** ***Remember this review sheet(completed) is required for retakes. It must be submitted in Canvas(or on paper) before the unit test to be eligible for retakes.*** **[Target 1.5/1.6: Sources of power and authority/Change in power and authority]** 1. What...

**[Test Review: APCompGov Unit 1.5-1.10]** ***Remember this review sheet(completed) is required for retakes. It must be submitted in Canvas(or on paper) before the unit test to be eligible for retakes.*** **[Target 1.5/1.6: Sources of power and authority/Change in power and authority]** 1. What are the sources of power and authority? The sources of power and authority are: - Popular Elections - Constitution - Tradition - Ideology (communism, etc.) - Religion - Nationalism - Policy effectiveness (gov't actions work) - Political efficiency (citizens feel they can influence decisions) - Economic Growth - Charismatic Leadership 2. For each of the AP6 describe where the authority comes from. China: authority comes from the communist party's control. Iran: authority is derived from the theocratic system, particularly the supreme leader. Mexico: authority is rooted in democratic elections. Nigeria: authority is democratic, but corruption and military influence affect it. Russia: authority is centralized under a semi-authoritarian government. United Kingdom: authority comes from a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary system. 3. Compare/Contrast the AP6 -- which ones have similar/different sources. Similar: Russia and China both have strong centralized governments. Different: The UK, Nigeria, Mexico are more democratic, while Iran's power is religiously based. 4. What are some peaceful ways to change power and authority? Elections, reforms, negotiations, constitutional amendments, and peaceful protests 5. What are some violent ways to change power and authority? Coups, civil wars, revolutions, armed conflicts. 6. For each of the AP6 give examples of change in regime and government. - UK: Transition from monarchy to constitutional parliamentary democracy - Russia: Shift from communism to a centralized state under Putin( From Soviet Union to Russian Federation) - China: Communist Party's consolidation after 1949 - Iran: (1979 Islamic Revolution) changing from a monarchy to an Islamic Republic - Nigeria: Military coups leading to different forms of gov't (civilian rule) democracy - Mexico: Transition from one-party rule PRI dominance broke in 2000 with Vicente Fox to a multi-party democracy. **[Target 1.7: Describe federal and unitary systems/the purpose of adopting the system]** 7. Define a federal state. Define a unitary state. Federal State: where power is divided between national and regional governments- local, state, federal). Unitary state: power is centralized at the national level, with little to no power given to regional authorities. 8. For each AP6, identify if it is federal or unitary. - UK: Unitary - China: Unitary - Iran: Unitary - Mexico: Federal - Nigeria: Federal - Russia: Federal 9. Why would a country use a federal system? What are some disadvantages? Advantages: Allows local governance, accommodates diversity, and can enhance political participation. Disadvantages: Potential for conflict between levels of government and complexity in governance, confusion for citizens. 10. Why would a country use a unitary system? What are some disadvantages? Advantages: Simplicity in governance and uniformity in laws, less division, efficiency; easy for citizens to understand. Disadvantages: May overlook local needs and reduce regional autonomy. 11. Define devolution. Why would a country devolve its power? Which AP6 country uses devolution? Explain how that country uses devolution. The transfers of powers from the central government to regional or local governments. The UK uses devolution to give Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland their own parliaments with varying powers. 12. Define asymmetric federalism. Which AP6 country uses asymmetric federalism? Why does this country use it? Asymmetric Federalism: A system where different regions have different powers. Russia uses this to manage diverse regions. **[Target 1.8/1.9: Describe the sources of political legitimacy/explain how governments maintain political legitimacy]** 13. Define political legitimacy. What are some sources of political legitimacy? Political legitimacy is the right of the government to rule, accepted by the public. Sources: Elections, Law, Tradition, Ideology. 14. Identify the sources of legitimacy in the AP6. - China: Military Forces, economic success. Communist Party, NPC- national people congress - Iran: Religious authority - Mexico: Democratic elections - Nigeria: Military Forces, elections, despite corruption - Russia: Strong charismatic leadership- (Putin), nationalism, popular support, political party- United Russia, legislature- constitution. - UK: Constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy, tradition, legislatures, popular support. 15. What are ways governments maintain legitimacy? Upholding the rule of law, ensuring free and fair elections, economic success providing public services, and maintaining public order. 16. Explain political efficacy. Political efficacy refers to the belief that individuals can influence political processes and that the government responds to their needs. 17. What can undermine legitimacy? Corruption, human rights abuse, lack of transparency, unfair elections, economic crises, and failure to address public need. 18. For the AP6 identify issues that can maintain or undermine legitimacy. **[Target 1.10: Explain how internal actors influence and interact with state authority to either enhance or threaten stability]** 19. From the AP6 give examples of how the following enhance or threaten stability: - Corruption: Threatens stability by eroding trust in the government (e.g., Russia, Nigeria). - Separatist movements: Threatens stability by seeking independence. (threaten in UK(Scotland) and Russia (Chechnya). - Drug trafficking: Threatens stability by fueling violence (e.g., Mexico). - Religious differences: Can threaten stability if they lead to conflict (e.g., Iran, Nigeria). - Protest movements: Can enhance stability if they lead to reform but threaten it if they become violent (e.g., protests in Russia and Iran). - Unfair elections: Undermine stability by causing unrest (e.g., allegations in Nigeria). - Economic growth/decline: Growth can enhance stability, decline can threaten it (e.g., China). Threatens in oil-dependent countries. 20. What does the Fragile State Index tell you?