Test For Exam (General Microbiology) PDF

# The Pasteur period of development of microbiology covers + second half of the 19th century - first half of the 18th century - second half of the 18th century - first half of the 19th century - beginning of XX century # Staining of microbes with aniline dyes is a + physic-chemical process - physic...

# The Pasteur period of development of microbiology covers + second half of the 19th century - first half of the 18th century - second half of the 18th century - first half of the 19th century - beginning of XX century # Staining of microbes with aniline dyes is a + physic-chemical process - physical process (adsorption, capillarity) - chemical process - method of studying the internal structure of microbes - method of study of morphology of microbes # Gram staining depends on + the structure of the cell wall - the morphology of bacteria - to the cultural properties - the relationship between DNA and RNA - the isoelectric point of bacteria # Conditions of endospore formation + unfavourable external environment - the ingestion of human or animal - drying - low temperature - getting into the soil # The acid resistance of microorganisms associated with the presence of + mycolic acid - nucleic acids - capsules - cytoplasmic membrane - carbohydrates # The acid-fast microorganisms are detected when they are stained by + The Ziehl-Neelsen method (acid-fast staining) - Gram - Neisser - Loeffler - Giemsa -Romanowsky # The flagella of bacteria are identified by the method + Morozov (silvering) - Gram - Loeffler - Burri-Gins - With a simple method # Capsules of bacteria are identified by the method + Burri-Gins (negative staining) - Gram - Neysser - Microscopy in the living state - With a simple method # What is meant by the term “clone” in microbiology + bacteria derived from a single parent cell - a group of bacteria combined in morphology - bacteria having the property of polymorphism - microorganisms isolated from environmental objects - bacteria of the same species # What is the difference between prokaryotes from eukaryotes + in the structure of the genetic apparatus - resistance to low temperatures - sensitive to acids and alkalis - ability to synthesize antibiotics - in cultural properties # What does the term “amphitrichous” mean + bacteria with single flagellum at both the ends - non-motile bacteria - crawling bacteria - mobility due to fibrils - floating bacteria # Specify the genus of the microbe that discovered Rocha-Lima + rickettsia - mycoplasmas - viruses - mushrooms - protozoa # Cause of agent what disease do not form capsules + typhoid fever - tularemia - plague - pseudotuberculosis - anthrax # What are Protoplasts + bacteria completely devoid of a cell wall - filtering forms of bacteria - bacteria forming S-shapes - bacterio-forming R-forms - bacteria lacking a cell wall # What are Spheroplasts + bacteria partially devoid of a cell wall - bacteria completely devoid of a cell wall - L-shaped bacteria - amphitrichous - cells from R-form colonies # Which of the listed scientists is the author of the internationally recognized classification of microorganisms + Bergi - Stibek - Krasilnikov - Greeks - Linnaeus # Which of the listed pathogens was discovered by R Koch + Mycobacterium tuberculosis - rickettsia - meningococci - spirochetes - viruse # Which of the listed cocci are stained negatively by Gram + meningococci - micrococci - sarcina - streptococci - staphylococci # In which of the following preparations it is possible to determine the motility of bacteria + crushed drop - thick drop - smear- imprint - fixed smear - unfixed smear # What rod-shaped bacteria are arranged in chains + anthrax - salmonella - dysenteric - tuberculosis - diphtheria # Prokaryotes include all of the following microorganisms except + mushrooms - bacteria - spirochetes - actinomycetes - rickettsia # What is the name of a group of microorganisms that do not have a cell wall + mycoplasmas - viruses - rickettsia - mycobacteria - actinomycetes # What structural elements of bacteria are adhesive + cilia - cell wall - cytoplasmic membrane - cytoplasm - flagella # What structural elements of bacteria protect them from drying out in the environment + capsule - inclusions - ribosomes - spore - cytoplasm # What bacterial organelles are involved in cell division + mesosomes - ribosomes - fimbriae - capsules - flagella # Staining method that reveals the capsule of bacteria + Gins Burri (negative staining) - Romanowsky Giemsa - Gram - Neisser - Ziel-Nielsen # Staining method that detects spores + Ozheshko (endospore staining) - silver plating according to Morozov - methylene blue - water fuchsin - Burri # What are the functions of the cytoplasmic membrane + ensuring the entry of nutrients and the exit of metabolic products - carrier of antigenicity - protection against phagocytosis - hereditary trait - retaining the shape of the bacterium # Specify the microbe related to prokaryotes + actinomycetes - mushrooms - protozoa - yeast - plasmodia # What does the concept of microbial species mean + source of origin - antigenicity - morphology - cultural properties - biochemistry # Indicate coccus which is a saprophyte + sarcina - staphylococcus aureus - streptococcus - diplococcus - meningococcus # The causative agent of which disease does not have flagella + diphtheria - typhoid fever - intestinal yersiniosis - E. coli - cholera # The causative agent of which disease does not form a spore + plague - tetanus - gas gangrene - anthrax - botulism # What is the speed of movement of bacteria related to + from the location of the flagella - with flagella length - the presence of cilia - with the shape of bacteria - with the chemical composition of the cell wall # What structural element of bacteria provides adhesion at the initial stage of the infectious process + pili - flagella - macrocapsule - microcapsule - fibrils # What is immersion oil used for in microscopy + to concentrate the light beam - to facilitate the regulation of the focus of the image - for microphotography - for uniform dispersion of the light beam - to study the structural elements in the shell # Difference between L-shaped bacteria and protoplasts + ability to repair the cell wall - cause infectious diseases - sensitive to antibiotics - have a rod shape - do not grow on artificial nutrient media # What does the term “taxonomy” mean + place of microorganisms in systematics - the ability of microorganisms to stain with complex methods - ability of microorganisms to synthesize toxins - type of microorganism - content in microorganisms, a special chemical substance # Chemical that reduces the protein coat of a phage + sulfhydryl groups - glutamic acids - amino acids - catalase - oxide groups # Which family includes staphylococci + Micrococcocea - Streptococcus - Actinomycete - Enterobacteriacea - Neisseriacea # What contributes to the accumulation of calcium during the formation of spores of bacteria + dipicolinic acid - mureic acid - teichoic acid - phospholipids - lipopolysaccharides # The role of micro elements in the chemical composition of bacteria + enzyme activators - atmospheric nitrogen fixers - growth factors - splitting polymers - participate in replication # Chemical nature of the cord-factor of mycobacteria + glycolipids - glycogen - mucin - protein - phospholipid # What property do some pathogenic bacteria lose when the capsule is lost + virulence - mobility - adhesiveness - grow on agar media - grow on broth media # What term refers to microorganisms of the same species that differ in antigenic structure + serovar - biotype - protoplast - population - patovar # What structural element of bacteria includes peptidoglycan (murein acid) + cell wall - inclusions - cilia - flagellum - mesosomes # What organelles of bacteria has a bactericidal effect of lysozyme + on the cell wall - per capsule - per core - to the cytoplasmic membrane - for disputes # How do more highly organized actinomycetes not multiply +genetic parasitism - hyphae - fragmentation - druse - budding # Under what conditions are actinomycetes “druses” formed + during actinomycosis - in water - in the soil - on plants - for household items # Reproduction by sporulation is typical for + mushrooms - bacteria, spirochetes - rickettsia, mycoplasma - chlamydia - yeast-like fungi # Which family does meningococcus belong to + Neisseriacea - Micrococcacea - Enterobacteriacea - Meningococcal - Staphylococcusea # What method of staining reveals volutine grains + Neisser - Gram - Ginsu Burri - Ziel-Nielsen - Romanovsky-Giemsa # Which of the following properties is missing in viruses + protein synthesizing system - contains one nucleic cell - reproduce only in living cells - very small dimensions (nm) - contains a capsid # By what property the virus belongs to genetic parasites + integration with the cell genome - reproduction in the chick embryo - contains one nucleic acid - has a cytopathic effect - hemagglutination with erythrocytes # Where are viral RNA and DNA polymerase enzymes located + in the genome - in a capsule - in supercapsid - in genomic protein - in glycopeptide # In what form are carbohydrates found in viruses + as part of glycoproteins - in free form - in DNA - in RNA - in the capsid # Which of the following enzymes is synthesized by aerobes, unlike anaerobes + catalase - lipase - amylase - ribonuclease - hydrolase # Name microorganisms sensitive to temperature changes + meningococci - influenza virus - vibrio cholerae - corynebacteria - salmonella of typhoid fever # To which group of microorganisms do microscopic fungi belong + to eukaryotes - to prokaryotes - to mycoplasmas - to actinomycetes - to mycobacteria # Who first proposed the immersion system + R. Koch - L. Pasteur - Zinkovsky - Ebert - Romanowsky # Which microorganism from obligate parasites develops intracellularly + rickettsia - staphylococcus aureus - streptococcus - Escherichia - proteas # What is characteristic of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria + presence of teichoic acid - presence of manganese - lack of murein - neutralization of toxins - synthesis of peptidoglycan # Chemical nature of endotoxin + lipopolysaccharide - protein - peptidoglycan - lipid - murein # What is the purpose of the Ojeshko (endosporstaining method + for coloring spores - to detect flagella - for coloring lipids - to detect eyelashes - for coloring volutin grains # What determines the motility of bacteria + the presence of flagella - nutrient medium - isotonicity of the medium - on the nature of growth - from biochemical properties # The best way to stain rickettsia + by Romanovsky-Giemsa - according to Neisser - Ziel-Nielsen - according to Ozheshko - according to Gram # Which bacterial organelles are multifunctional + mesosomes - ribosomes - disputes - capsule - cell wall # Viruses, rickettsia, chlamydia belong to + obligate parasites - facultative parasites - metatrophs - prototrophs - autotrophs # Chlamydia refers to + energy parasites - genetic parasites - facultative parasites - autotrophs - heterotrophs # The method of reproduction of viruses + disjunctive method - by binary fission - budding - using spores - do not breed at all # How called the method of reproduction of viruses in the host cell + reproduction - budding - binary division - sexual - cysts # Methods for detecting viruses in infected cells + by cytopathic effect (CPE) - according to cultural properties - according to biochemical properties - by phagolizability - serological method # Capsule properties + antigenicity - neutralizing toxin - synthesis of enzymes - adhesiveness - mobility # Indicate the microbe that is characterized by binary fission + rickettsia - viruses - microscopic fungi - phages - yeast # How the reproduction of viruses is called + reproduction - conjugation - binary division - budding - transduction # Where do viruses reproduce + in cell culture - in meat-peptone agar - in blood agar - in saline agar - in Kitta-Taroci # Under the influence of what factors can staphylococci turn into L-forms + penicillin - temperature - phages - bile salts - composition of the nutrient medium # Which of the listed pathogens has a pronounced capsule + klebsiella - proteus - Escherichia - salmonella - enterococcus # Which of the listed pathogens in the composition of the toxic complex has a protective antigen + anthrax - staphylococci - sarcina - Escherichia - salmonella # Microorganisms that use light as an energy source and inorganic substances as a carbon source + photoautotrophs - chemoautotrophs - photoheterotrophs - chemoheterotrophs - facultative autotrophs # With the help of the enzyme catalase, bacteria destroy + hydrogen peroxide - lipoids - proteins - carbohydrates - water # Obligate anaerobes + vegetative forms die in the presence of oxygen - contain cytochromes - form catalase - oxygen is poisonous to spores - oxidize glucose to CO and H2O # Delayed bacterial growth phase + depends on the type of microbes - follows a logarithmic growth phase - does not depend on the dose of inoculated bacteria - the same for all types of bacteria - same for one species on different nutrient media # Synthetic culture media + Soton media - meat peptone agar - culture media Endo - milk - culture media of Kitt-Taroci # Blood agar + reveals hemolytic activity of bacteria - is an elective nutrient medium - prepared by mixing blood and MPA - rarely used for diagnostic purposes - inhibits bacterial growth # Pigment formation + protects bacteria from ultraviolet rays - more common in pathogenic bacteria - occurs only in the absence of oxygen - leads to the accumulation of reserve nutrients - increases enzymatic activity # Antiseptic is…. then disinfectants + less toxic for body tissues - work in any concentration - bactericidal only for saprophytic microbes - equally toxic to body tissues - antiseptic substances are more toxic for body tissues # How much percentage alcohol is used for the treatment of hands? + 70% - 60% - 80% - 90% - 100% # Glassware is sterilized + with dry heat - with ultraviolet rays - with tyndalization - with flowing steam - with pasteurization # Heterotrophic microorganisms take…. + carbon from organic compounds - carbon from carbon dioxide - carbon from inorganic compounds - nitrogen from nitrate compounds - nitrogen from mineral salts # Autotrophic microorganisms…. + absorb nitrogen from inorganic compounds - absorb carbon from carbohydrates - divided into metatrophic and paratrophic - break down organic matter into minerals - absorb organogens from organic compounds # Bacillus spores die during…. + autoclaving - pasteurization - UFL action - prolonged drying - action of bacteriophage # Reproduction of intestinal bacteria occurs + transverse division - longitudinal division - budding - disputes - by forming filterable forms # Cultivation of aerobes involves the use of + thermostat - Aristovsky‘s apparatus - Chamberlain candles - candles Omelyansky - desiccator # Adsorption of a phage on a bacterial cell + depends on phage receptors - does not bind to bacterial cell receptors - does not depend on Ca and Mg ions in the medium - depends on atmospheric pressure - the same at different pH environments # The method of reproduction characteristic for a phage + disjunctive - conjunctive - sexual - reproductive - asexual # Mutations that are in the nature of large rearrangements in individual DNA fragments are called + chromosome mutations - neutral mutations - conditionally lethal mutations - lethal mutations - non-genomic mutations # Mutations resulting from the loss of fewer or more nucleotides are called + deletion - inversion - duplication - repair - insertion translocations # Mutations resulting from a 180-degree turn of DNA are called + inversion - duplication - deletion - repair - insertion translocations # Commensalism is defined as + symbiosis of normal microflora with a macroorganism - confrontation of nodule bacteria with leguminous plants - symbiosis of pathogenic microorganisms - a form of infectious disease - antagonistic existence of microbes # Reinfection + reinfection with the same pathogen - reinfection with another type of bacteria - Occurs in immunocompromised disease - possibly due to normal microflora - infection with endotoxin-producing bacteria # To obtain agglutinating sera, immunize…. + rabbits - mice - guinea pigs - cats - dogs # Delayed-type allergic reactions include…. + allergic conditions in infectious diseases - anaphylactic shock - arthus phenomenon - bronchial asthma - serum sickness # What does the “invasiveness” of microorganisms mean + the property of bacteria to quickly penetrate and spread in the body - the property of bacteria to form a capsule in the body - the ability of bacteria to form cysts in the body - the property of bacteria to multiply in the blood - property of bacteria for intracellular reproduction # Which vaccine is used for specific prevention of tuberculosis + BCG - DPT - STI - E-vaccine - anatoxin # What is the difference between Wright’s reaction and Heddelson’s reaction + staging technique - antibodies - antigens - is not different - visible results # Normally what percentage of peripheral blood lymphocytes are B-lymphocytes + 25-30% - 10-15% - 35-40% - 60-70% - 70-75% # What has been studied using the phenomenon of hemagglutination + interaction of the virus with the cell - abortion of the virus in the cell - cytopathic action - pathogenicity of the virus in the chick embryo - virus pathogenesis in animals # In which model was the hemagglutination reaction first studied + influenza virus in erythrocytes - in virus and cell culture - in culture of cells and erythrocytes - virus and laboratory animals - chicken embryo and serum # After suffering an infectious disease, the pathogen remains in the body for several years. What is the name of this infection? + persistent - latent - slow - reinfection - superinfection # Where does T-lymphocyte differentiation occur in the human body + in the thymus - in the bone marrow - in the central nervous system - in the spleen - in the liver # Where does B-lymphocyte differentiation occur in the human body + in the bone marrow - in the thymus - in the central nervous system - in the spleen - in the liver # What body cells are involved in three-cell cooperation during antibody genesis + macrophage, T-helper, B-lymphocyte - T-suppressor, B-lymphocyte, E-killer - K-killer, macrophage, neutrophil - fibroblast, macrophage, T-lymphocyte - B-lymphocyte, macrophage, T-suppressor # What serological reaction can be used to determine soluble antigens + precipitation reactions - agglutination reactions - hemagglutination reactions - immobilization reactions - reactions of hemolysis # Name the serological reaction in which the sheep RBC is used + complement fixation reaction - flocculation reaction - agglutination reaction - precipitation reaction - immobilization reaction # What does a chemical vaccine consist of + from soluble antigen - from flagella - from peptidoglycan - from lipids - from the capsule # What class of immunoglobulins first appears in the blood after the introduction of the antigen + Ig M - Ig G - Ig D - Ig E - IgA # Which cells are the first to come into contact with antigens + macrophages - T-helpers - T-lymphocytes - B-lymphocytes - plasmocytes # Acquired immunity, which is formed after the introduction of immune serum, is called + artificial passive - congenital - natural active - natural passive - artificial active # Which cells of the immune system are antibody producers + B-lymphocytes - macrophages - plasmocytes - T-lymphocytes - null lymphocytes # What property incomplete antibodies differ from conventional immunoglobulins + the presence of one active center - the level of antibodies in the blood - amino acid composition - the structure of the active center - place of education # Which antigen is involved in the agglutination reaction in which the interaction of antigen and antibody occurs + corpuscular - soluble - place of education - loaded on erythrocytes - an antigen associated with an enzyme # On what basis in the complement fixation reaction is judged the correspondence of antibodies to an antigen + hemolysis - draft - precipitate - the appearance of flakes - increase in dispersion # Normally what percentage of peripheral blood are T-lymphocytes + 60-70% - 19-20% - 25-30% - 35-40% - 75-90% # Which of the following reactions refers to the agglutination reaction + Wright - Kunsa - RIT - Coombs - Wasserman # The system that performs the transport function in immunity + blood - thymus - spleen - lymph node - Peyer's patches # The organ in which the first stage of antigen interaction with immunocytes takes place + lymph node - thymus - Bone marrow - blood - plaques # Lymphocytes that include B-lymphocytes in proliferation and differentiation is…. + T-helpers - T-effectors - T-suppressors - T-differentiating cells - T-killers # Surface structures of immunocytes designed to recognize antigens for the implementation of the immune response + receptors - villi - polysaccharides - markers - ionic pumps # Surface structures of immunocytes that allow cell typing and differentiation from each other + markers - villi - polysaccharides - receptors - lipoproteins # Substances bearing signs of genetic foreignness and, when introduced into the body, causing the development of immunological reactions + antigens - proteins - polysaccharides - nucleoproteins - antibodies # Antigens capable of inducing an immune response of the body and reacting specifically with the corresponding immunocytes and immunoglobulins + complete antigens - proteins - polysaccharides - nucleoproteins - antibodies # Antigens that can cause an immune response of the body only after conjugation with large molecular substances-carriers + haptens - proteins - polysaccharides - soluble antigens - complete antigens # Complete antigens + toxins, poisons, proteins, complex polysaccharides - lipids - mono- and disaccharides - amino acids - nucleic acids # What does transmissible transmission mean + through blood-sucking insects - through the oral cavity - through the air - through blood and blood products - sexual way # Substances that enhance the virulence of microbes by suppressing the body’s defenses + aggressions - endotoxins - exotoxins - lipophosphates - calcium salts # What form of infectious disease is called “Inapparent” + latent - acute - chronic - subacute - superinfection # One of the protective functions of IgA + inhibits bacterial adhesion - neutralizes toxin - increases the secretion of mucous membranes - stimulates the synthesis of interferon - increases phagocytosis # Which cells of the immune system provide cellular immunity + T-lymphocytes - erythrocytes - platelets - neutrophils - eosinophils # During which serological reaction hemolytic system is used + complement fixation - neutralization of toxin - indirect hemagglutination - inhibition of hemagglutination - agglutination # Who is the founder of the cellular theory of immunity + I. Mechnikov - P. Ehrlich - R. Koch - R. Medovar - L. Pasteur # Who is the founder of the clonal selection theory of immunity + F.Burnet - Ouchterlon - L. Pasteur - D.Edelman - N.Erne # What blood proteins are antibodies + globulins - a-reactive protein - albumins - lysozyme - properdin # What class of immunoglobulins in a large composition is found in the blood at the height of an infectious disease + IgG - IgA - Ig M - IgE - IgD # What substances are called antigens + which turns on the immune system - acting on T-lymphocytes - acting on B-lymphocytes - activating phagocytosis - acting on O-lymphocytes # What immune response is the thymus responsible for + for cellular immune response - for humoral immune response - general immune response - for natural killers - for macrophages # To which of the following erythrocytes have receptors on the surface of T lymphocytes + sheep erythrocytes - rat erythrocytes - equine erythrocytes - guinea pig erythrocytes - mouse erythrocytes # To which of the following erythrocytes have receptors on the surface of B lymphocytes + mouse erythrocytes - rat erythrocytes - equine erythrocytes - guinea pig erythrocytes - sheep erythrocytes # What subpopulations of T-lymphocytes are involved in the secondary immune response + T-cells of immunological memory - T-helpers - T-effectors - T-suppressors - do not participate # Where are microbial antigens mainly localized + in the cell wall - in ribosomes - in the cytoplasm - in voluteene - in dispute # Indicate the immunological reaction with which the exotoxin of the causative agent of diphtheria is determined + precipitation - agglutination - hemagglutination - complement fixation - lysis # Specify the author of the theory of humoral immunity + P.Erlich - I.I.Mechnikov - A.V.Minkh - F.Ya Chistovich. - A. M.Bezredko # The reason for the weak postinfectious immunity in staphylococcal infection + antigenic mimicry - weak virulence - lack of enzymes pathogenicity - sensitivity to a specific phage - tinctorial properties # Corpuscular antigens is + microorganisms - red blood cells - leukocytes - сells tissues - all of the above # The haptens acquire the properties of complete antigens after connecting with + proteins, high molecular polysaccharides - mono- and disaccharides - inorganic acids - alkalis - all of the above is true # The ability of antigens to form immunity + immunogenicity - specificity - antigenicity - foreigness - heterogenecity # The ability of antigens to differ in the structure of their molecule from the structure of a similar substance in the body + foreigness - specificity - immunogenicity - antigenicity - heterogeneity # Property of antigens, by which they differ from each other + specificity - immunogenity - antigenicity - foreignness - heterogeneity # Antigenic specificity due to which the antigens are subdivided into serovars + typical - cell specificity - pathological - organ - heterospecificity # Antigenic specificity that distinguishes one animal species from another + species - typical - pathological - functional - group # The chemical nature of antigens exotoxins and protective antigens + proteins - polysaccharides - mono - and disaccharides - lipids - nucleic acids # Has a protective antigen + anthrax - salmonella, shigella - Escherichia coli - actinomycetes - all of the above is true # Thyroid gland, lens of eye, sperm, nerve tissue, testicular tissue + natural autoantigens - natural antigens - heteroantigens - acquired autoantigens - isoantigen # Immunoglobulins, which goes beyond the mucosa into the lumen of the airways, intestine and other cavities +secretory -abdominal -organic -organotropic -tissual # The ability of antibodies to interact only with those antigens against which they are developed + specificity - the avidity - antigenicity - immunogenicity - polymorphism # The ability of antibodies to form a stable complex with the antigen + avidity - specificity - antigenicity - immunogenicity - affinity # The immunoglobulins are secreted by + plasma cells - spleen, lymph nodes - leukocytes - T-lymphocytes - B-lymphocytes # The valency of the antibody determines the number of + active centers - light chains - heavy chains - antigenic determinants - light and heavy chains # Immunoglobulins of classes A, D, E, G are + divalent - monovalent - trivalent - four valence - pentavalent # The immunoglobulin M is + pentavalent - monovalent - bivalent - trivalent - tetravalent # Antibodies, in which operates only one active center and the other one is blocked + incomplete - complete - allergic - immune - protective # The ability of an individual to respond rapidly and vigorously to repeated antigen administration + immunological memory - susceptibility - tolerance - reactivity - reaction # Immunological memory provides formation at the first contact with antigen + long-lived resting T- and B-lymphocytes - short-lived T-lymphocytes - short-lived B-lymphocytes - long-lived T-lymphocytes - long-lived B-lymphocytes # What substances do not cause immune response + haptens - proteins - toxins - polysaccharides - lipopolysaccharides # What are the secretory immunoglobulins +A -M -E -D -G # What immunoglobulins are involved in allergic reactions +E -M -D -I -G # What immunoglobulins are responsible for passive immunity in newborns +G -M -Е -А -D # In what reaction incomplete antibodies are determined + Coombs - agglutination - the precipitation - complement binding - Ascoli # Where there is a meeting of the T-, B-lymphocytes with antigen + in the Lymph nodes - the thymus - liver - blood vessels - Kuppher’s cells # What is the function of T-suppressor + regulates the immune response - the synthesis of antibodies - pass into active lymphocytes - interleukin secretion - stimulate phagocytosis # By which signs the infectious disease is called “zoonotic” + the ways of transmission - source of infection - clinical form - susceptible organism - the extent of spreading # Pathogenic bacteria are able to produce enzymes agressines, such as neuraminidase, gialuronidaza. What properties of bacteria are associated with these enzymes + invasive - colonizing - sugarlytic - adhesive - proteolytic # Pathogenic bacteria are transmitted by different ways. Specify which factor is decisive in vector-borne transmission + by the bite of blood-sucking insect - through the water - through the air - through the placenta - by the bite of animals # When pathogen infiltrates into the blood and reproducts what occurs in it + septicemia - toxinemia - bacteremia - pyosepticemia - virusemia # Fecal contamination is indicated by the presence of + Streptococcus faecalis - bacteria of the genus proteus - thermophilic bacteria - Staphylococcus aureus - Staphylococcus faecalis # Putrefactive decay in the soil demonstrates the presence of + bacteria of the genus proteus - Streptococcus faecalis - thermophilic bacteria - Staphylococcus aureus - Staphylococcus epidermidis # Pollution of soil with decomposing garbage demonstrates the presence of + thermophilic bacteria - bacteria of the genus proteus - Streptococcus faecalis - Staphylococcus aureus - Staphylococcus epidermidis # The coli-titer of water is + the minimum amount of water (ml) in which E coli is detected - the minimum amount of water (ml) in which CGBP is located - the minimum amount of water (ml), which found Enterococcus faecalis - the minimum amount of water (ml), which found bacteria of the genus proteus - the maximum amount of water (ml) in which E coli is detected # Viruses, Rickettsia, Chlamydia belong to the following group + obligate parasites - facultative parasites - metatrophs - prototrophs - autotrophs # What is the replication of a virus in a host cell called + reproduction - budding - binary division - sexual - the formation of a cyst # Name the property of the capsule + antigenic - neutralization of the toxin - enzyme synthesis - adhesion - mobility # Where the reproduction of the virus + in the cell culture - in a meat-peptone agar - blood agar - in the solo agar - in the medium Kitt-Tarozzi # What of the following pathogens has a developed capsule: + klepsiella - proteus - escherichia - salmonella - enterococcus # Phages reproduce as follows + disjunctive - conjunctive - sexually way - reproducible - do not sexual way #Universal culture media include +MPB (meat peptone broth) -curdled serum -milk salt agar -Rappoport’s media - blood agar # What enzymes are aggressins + fibrinolysin - oxidase - ligase - saccharolytic enzymes - proteolytic enzymes # Which microorganisms are resistant to drying + mycobacteria - treponemmas - leptospires - gonococcus - meningococcus # What is the difference between clostridia and other microorganisms in terms of physiological properties + growth under anaerobic conditions - difference in food - growth in the presence of oxygen - growth under aerobic conditions - temperature value during growth # Specify the microorganisms that synthesize water-soluble pigments: + pseudomonas - staphylococcus aureus - streptococcus - escherichia - salmonella # Specify the media for inoculation of anaerobes + medium Kitta-Tarozzi - Endo - Caseino charcoal agar - Mansuro media - Media of Levinstein-Jensen # The role of pigments in the life of bacteria: + Protects from UV rays. - protects from drying out. - participates in nutrition. - participates in the synthesis of enzymes. - participates in the synthesis of structural proteins # What bacteria are called auxotrophs: + needing growth factors - using carbon monoxide as a source of carbon - using chemicals as a source of nitrogen - using light as a source of energy - using inorganic substances as a source of carbon # The carriers of nutrients from the external environment into the bacterial cell are + permease - catalase. - amino acids - t-RNA - oxidase # Used to determine the properties of H2S formation in bacteria + lead acetate - alpha naphthol - hydrogen peroxide - shovel acid - acetic acid # The chemical nature of bacterial endotoxin + lipopolysaccharide - protein - lipid - polysaccharide - lipoprotein # What method determines the number of microbes in the air + aspiration or sedimentation method - Koch‘s method - sowing in endo medium - sowing in salt agar with added egg yolk - with the use of membrane filters # Specify sterilization methods below 1000 C + tyndallization - boiling - dry heat - through flowing steam - heating on fire # What is in the interferon + high molecular weight protein - lipids - RNA and protein - DNA and lipids - Enzymes # The mechanism of action of penicillin on bacteria + inhibits cell wall synthesis - inhibits purine bases - effects on the ribosomes of the bacterial cell - destruction function of the cytoplasmic membrane - effect on the nucleic acid # Many strains of staphylococci resistant to penicillin, what is the reason + because of the existent’s plasmids - due to the production of toxins - because of the development of aggressive enzymes - due to the nature of cell metabolism - because the structure of the cell wall # Organisms in obligate microflora of the oral cavity + fusobaktery - bordotella - pseudomonas - hemolytic streptococcus - mycoplasma # What is term “dysbiosis” + changing the microbiote in different parts of the human body - increase in microbiocenosis saprophytic forms of bacteria - the emergence of pathogenic forms in microbiocenosis of microorganisms - increase spore forms in microbiocenosis of microorganisms - increase in capsule forms in microbiocenosis of microorganisms # The difference between Wright‘s reaction and Heddelson‘s reaction + staging technique - antibody - antigen - is not different - with result # What is studied using the phenomenon of hemagglutination + interaction of the virus with the cell - replication of a virus in a cell - cytopathic effect - pathogenicity of the virus in the chick embryo - pathogenicity of the virus in animals # Where are the microbial antigens + cell wall - in the ribosomes - in the cytoplasm - in valutin - in disputes # When microbiological examination of staphylococcal sepsis is used: + sowing in the blood on sugar broth - direct microscopy of blood - blood culture on blood agar - culture of pus on blood agar - method of immunofluorescence # What methods are used for the detection of diphtheria + method of Neisser - method of Gram - method of Ozheshko - the method of Morozov - method Cill-Nielsen # Specify the microorganisms which in the cytoplasm there are volutine seeds + corynebacterium - legionella - mycobacteria - klebsiella - yersinia # Which among the following bacteria is not capsulated? + Corynebacterium diphtheriae -Hemophilus influenzae -Klebsiella pneumoniae -Bacillus anthracis -pneumococcus #Replica plating is a technique used for... + Exact transfer of transformed colonies -Counting the number of colonies -Subculture bacteria for vaccine production -Culturing the bacteria anerobically - Culturing the bacteria aerobically #Which of the following is not a pigmented bacterium? + Enterococcus fecalis - Staphylococcus aureus -Pseudomonas aeruginosa -Serratia marcescens - Pseudomonas indigofera #Which of the following is sterilized by cold sterilization? +Disposable Syringes -Surgical instruments -Animal products (wool, hide) -Vaccines -no correct answer #Which of the following regarding stains is false? +Cells without cell wall can not be stained -Only basic dyes stain bacteria -Eosin can not stain bacteria -Negative stains have acid pH -no correct answer #Which of the following is correct about PCR? +DNA polymerases work only at specific temperature -There are never any false positive results - Primers are not required after 10 cycles -If not regulated, PCR can get into uncontrolled chain reaction - no correct answer #Which of the following examples is false? +Monotrichous: Klebsiella pneumoniae -Peritrichous: Salmonella typhi -Amphitrichous: Spirillum -Endoflagella: Treponema - Peritrichous: Escherichia coli #Which of these is not a prion-disease? + Lymphocytic choriomeningitis -Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome -Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease -Kuru -no correct answer #Which of the following is ordinarily not sexually transmissible? +Hepatitis A -Herpes simplex-2 -Molluscum contagiosum -HIV - Hepatitis B # The generation period is: + The period during which cell division is carried out -The time of adaptation of microbes to the changed environmental conditions - The period of regeneration of damaged structures - Association with a bacterial chromosome -The period of decreasing the rate of cell death #When removing the loop of an isolated colony from the MPA, it was found that the colony is mucous, stretches behind the loop. What can be said about the microbe: + Has a mucous capsule - Forms a spore - Secretes acetylmethylcarbinol - Has the enzyme tryptophanase - Is able to recycle citrate # Aerobes perform: + Oxidative phosphorylation - Substrate phosphorylation - Fermentation - Glycolysis - Pentose phosphate shunt #Virulence factors of pathogenic microbes do not include: + type of breathing -toxin formation -invasiveness -capsule formation -aggressiveness #The forms of consequences of infectious diseases do not include: +primary infection -secondary infection -superinfection -repeated infection -relapse # The most commonly used material for investigating foodborne toxic infections + Vomiting masses + Food residues - Stool samples - Skin swabs # Countries with a high incidence of gastrointestinal infections + Central Asia + Countries with a hot climate - Eastern European countries - European countries # Characteristics typical of Klebsiella microbes + Poor growth on nutrient media + Have a constant capsule that protects them from phagocytosis - Lack a cell wall - Poor staining by Gram's method # Characteristics of diseases caused by encapsulated microbes + Severe course + Poor response to treatment - Tendency to become chronic - Mild course # Characteristics of Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera + Gram-negative staining + Curved shape - Peritrichous flagella - Formation of a capsule in the body # Vibrio cholerae possesses antigens + Somatic antigens + Flagellar antigens - Vi antigen - Capsular antigen # Characteristics of Clostridium tetani, the causative agent of tetanus + Thin Gram-positive rods + Motile - Formation of a capsule in the body - Active fermentation of carbohydrates # Characteristics of Clostridium botulinum, the causative agent of botulism + Gram-positive rods + Spore-forming - Capsulated - Motile #Constitutive enzymes: +They are constantly synthesized in microbial cells in certain concentrations + The concentration does not depend on the availability of the appropriate substrate -The concentration increases sharply in the presence of an appropriate substrate -In the absence of a substrate, they are in trace amounts #Inducible enzymes: + The concentration increases sharply in the presence of an appropriate substrate + In the absence of a substrate, they are in trace amounts -They are constantly synthesized in microbial cells in certain concentrations -They relate to the growth factors of microorganisms #Exoenzymes: +They are released into the environment + They are located in the periplasmic space - They are localized in the cytoplasm of the cell - They are localized in the cytoplasmic membrane #It does not apply to sanitary-indicative soil microbes: + Sh.Sonnae + St.aureus -Str.Faecalis -Cl.Perfringens 11. The subpopulation of T-lymphocytes does not include: 1) T – helpers 2) T – suppressors 3) *T – monocytes 4) *T – macrophages #The forms of infection by prevalence do not include: + lymphogenic + hematogenic -epidemic - Pandemic #A bacterial cell has 3 membranes. Find the wrong answers: +dispute + nucleoid -capsule -cytoplasmic membrane #Find the wrong match: the causative agent of the dispute + central- causative agent of dysentery + terminal- the causative agent of whooping cough -central - the causative agent of anthrax -subterminal – the causative agent of botulism #Forms of symbiosis do not include: + antagonism + metabolism -commensalism -parasitism #Specify the provisions characterizing immunological memory: +has a high specificity to a specific antigen + due to the activity of B and T lymphocytes -has low specificity to a specific antigen; - due to non-specific resistance factors # The increase in the diagnostic titer is determined if: +the “non-infectious” titer is quite high + it is necessary to determine the stage of the disease -it is necessary to determine the type of microorganism -it is necessary to determine the type of disease #Endoenzymes: + They are localized in the cytoplasm of the cell + They are located in the periplasmic space + Constitutive enzymes - They are released into the environment - Assimilate into the external environment - They are located in the cell wall #Are the non-permanent structural elements of a bacterial cell? +dispute +flagella +capsule -ribosome -the nucleoid -cell wall #Allergens of the infectious series do not include: +pollen +food +household -viral -bacterial -fungal #The main properties of chlamydia: +Small gram-negative Coccobacteria + Energy parasites + Obligate intracellular parasites -Small gram-positive Coccobacteria -Genetic parasites -Grow well in nutrient media #Carriers of genetic information in bacteria are: + RNA molecules + plasmids + DNA molecules -transposons -Is factors -mitochondria #The following properties are characteristic of bacterial exotoxins: + are proteins + thermolabile + active antigens -are protein-polysaccharide complexes -Thermally stable -they can not pass into the toxoid #The following properties are characteristic of bacterial endotoxins: + they are released during cell death + are protein-polysaccharide complexes + Thermally stable + weak antigens -are proteins - Thermally unstable - Gram positive bacteria produce -they can pass into the anatoxin #Specific factors of body protection include: +antibody formation + Immediate type hypersensitivity + immunological memory - immunological protection provided by lysozyme - immunological protection provided by interferon - Functional factors # List the provisions that are valid for the immunoserological diagnosis of infectious diseases: + retrospectivity + blood serum analysis + mandatory use of immunochemical analysis methods - Absolute sensitivity and specificity - the need to isolate microbial cultures - identification of selected crops