Test 4 PDF

Тесты для 4 курса ( анг.яз) Name the instrument with which the otoscopy is performed ear funnel ear tweezers nasal mirror laryngeal mirror nasopharyngeal mirror *** Name the instrument with which the posterior rhinoscopy is performed nasopharyngeal mirror ear funnel ear tweezers nasal mirror laryng...

Тесты для 4 курса ( анг.яз) Name the instrument with which the otoscopy is performed ear funnel ear tweezers nasal mirror laryngeal mirror nasopharyngeal mirror *** Name the instrument with which the posterior rhinoscopy is performed nasopharyngeal mirror ear funnel ear tweezers nasal mirror laryngeal mirror *** Name the instrument with which oropharyngoscopy is performed spatula ear funnel nasal mirror laryngeal mirror nasopharyngeal mirror *** Name the instrument with which anterior rhinoscopy is performed nasal mirror ear funnel spatula laryngeal mirror nasopharyngeal mirror *** Name the instrument with which indirect laryngoscopy is performed laryngeal mirror ear funnel ear tweezers nasal mirror nasopharyngeal mirror Specify the most characteristic symptom of lacunar angina white or light yellow patches in lacunae hyperemia of the arches and palatine tonsils dilated mouths of the lacunae of the palatine tonsils suppurated follicles on the surfaces of the palatine tonsils pharyngeal asymmetry *** Specify the most characteristic symptom of follicular angina suppurated follicles of the palatine tonsils hyperemia of the arches dilated mouths of the lacunae of the palatine tonsils white or light yellow patches in lacunae asymmetry of the pharynx *** With laryngeal stenosis of the 4th degree, the following ligament should be dissected cricoid-thyroid lingual schitonadgortannaya scooped-up schitopodlanguage *** In case of nose injuries, they are more often damaged frontal processes of the upper jaw perforated plate of the latticed bone perpendicular plate of the latticed bone maxillary bone wedge-shaped bone *** Specify a reliable symptom of a boil of the external auditory canal limited swelling and hyperemia in the external auditory canal ear pain increase in body temperature suppuration from the ear hearing loss *** Specify a reliable mastoid sign of mastoiditis subperiosteal abscess ear pain hearing loss suppuration from the ear overhanging of the upper-posterior wall of the auditory canal *** Where is the Kisselbach plexus located anterior-inferior nasal septum posterior-inferior nasal septum antero-upper nasal septum side wall of the nose lower wall of the nasal cavity *** Which of the listed diseases relates mainly to rhinogenic intracranial cavernous sinus thrombosis complications perisinuous abscess cerebellar abscess sigmoid sinus thrombosis *** Specify the most characteristic symptom of catarrhal angina hyperemia of the arches and palatine tonsils dilated mouths of the lacunae of the palatine tonsils white or light yellow patches in lacunae suppurated follicles pharyngeal asymmetry *** What should be done with swollen foreign bodies of the outer ear before removing them drip alcohol drip with a solution of hydrogen peroxide drip with water drip with a solution of potassium permanganate drip with penicillin solution *** A three-year-old crying girl was taken to the clinic. Parents reported that about two hours ago, a child, playing with a button, stuck it in the right half of his nose. Objectively: the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity on the right is hyperimated, infiltrated, a foreign body will be detected in depth. Nasal breathing on the right is difficult. What is the doctor's further tactics? removal of a foreign body with a hook nose toilet removal of a foreign body with tweezers nasal cavity flushing blowing *** A 30-year-old man complained of sudden hearing loss, which is associated with water getting into his ear while taking a shower. During otoscopy: the external auditory canal is encircled with sulfur masses. What is the most likely diagnosis ? sulfur plug acute otitis media outer ear furuncle foreign body of the external auditory canal mastoidite *** During the adenotomy under local anesthesia, a 5-year-old girl suddenly developed suffocation. The child lost consciousness, convulsions appeared. What urgent measures should a surgeon take to save a child's life? conicotomy tracheotomy hormone therapy antihistamines artificial respiration *** A 30-year-old man complained of sudden hearing loss, which is associated with water getting into his ear while taking a shower. During otoscopy: the auditory canal is obstructed by sulfur masses. The diagnosis was made: Sulfur plug. What is the optimal treatment strategy for this patient? removal by washing removal with a hook removal of a foreign object with tweezers ear toilet vasoconstrictive drops *** A 44-year-old patient is worried about a feeling of tickling, burning in the throat. These sensations appeared after hypothermia. Objectively: The tonsils are small, without plaque. The mucous membrane of the posterior pharyngeal wall is hyperemic, covered with viscous sputum. What is the most likely diagnosis pharyngitis lacunar angina acute laryngitis phlegmonous laryngitis paratonsillar abscess *** Patient S., 52 years old, while eating boiled fish, felt a stabbing pain at the corner of the lower jaw on the left. Objectively: Pharyngoscopy revealed accumulation of mucus and foamy saliva in the oral cavity. In the area of the upper pole of the left palatine tonsil, a thin fish bone is determined. What is the most likely diagnosis pharyngeal foreign body foreign body of the esophagus bronchial foreign body foreign body of the larynx foreign body of the trachea *** While performing an adenotomy under local anesthesia, a 5-year-old girl suddenly developed suffocation. The child lost consciousness. What is the most likely diagnosis foreign bodies of the larynx foreign body of the esophagus pharyngeal foreign body laryngeal edema foreign bodies of the nasopharynx *** Specify a characteristic symptom of laryngeal stenosis severe inspiratory dyspnea severe sore throat difficulty opening the mouth aphonia barking cough *** A 24-year-old patient complains of severe pain when turning her head, swallowing, chills. The disease began acutely three days ago with a rise in body temperature to 38C. On examination: The mucous membrane of the pharynx and larynx is hyperemic. There is a rounded protrusion on the lingual surface of the epiglottis, on top of which there is a yellow spot. What is the most likely diagnosis epiglottis abscess lacunar angina allergic laryngeal edema acute laryngitis catarrhal angina *** A three-year-old crying girl was taken to the clinic. Parents reported that about two hours ago, a child, playing with a button, stuck it in the right half of his nose. Objectively: the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity on the right is hyperemic, infiltrated, a foreign body will be determined in depth. What is the most likely diagnosis foreign body of the nasal cavity pharyngeal foreign body bruised nose acute rhinitis nasopharyngeal foreign body *** A 34-year-old patient complains of purulent discharge from the left half of the nose, difficulty in nasal breathing, headache, subfebrile temperature. He considers himself sick for 14 days. With anterior rhinoscopy: the nasal mucosa is hyperemic, edematous, a strip of pus in the middle nasal passage on the left. Palpation in the projection area of the left maxillary sinus on the left is painful. Nasal breathing on the left is difficult. What are the doctor's further tactics R graph of the paranasal sinuses posterior rhinoscopy R graphy of the mastoid process oculist's examination neurologist's examination *** What is the leading objective symptom of a pharyngeal abscess fluctuating protrusion of the posterior pharyngeal wall barking cough difficulty swallowing and breathing is characteristic difficult nasal breathing athonia *** The girl M., 4 years old, was taken to the ENT department with suffocation phenomena. According to her mother, 2 hours ago, while walking down the street, the girl was eating an apple. A dog running past them suddenly barked unexpectedly, the girl was frightened, screamed, then turned blue and a coughing fit appeared. The coughing attack stopped after 15-20 minutes, after which the breathing remained labored and the voice hoarse. Objectively: Motor restlessness, noisy breathing with pronounced difficulty breathing, hoarseness of voice. Auscultation and chest X–ray are the norm. What is the most likely diagnosis ? foreign body of the larynx acute laryngitis subcladal laryngitis foreign body of the trachea laryngeal angina *** What are the two main groups of pharyngeal injuries divided into closed, open limited, common independent, mixed injury above and below the hyoid bone limited *** A 20-year-old patient underwent esophagoscopy under local anesthesia for a foreign body of the esophagus (fish bone); at level II of physiological narrowing, a foreign body was found that perforated the wall of the esophagus. The bone was removed, the patient was prescribed massive antibiotic therapy. 10 days after the esophagoscopy, the patient suddenly died of profuse bleeding from the mouth when boarding a crowded bus. What complication can you think of? aortic injuries laryngeal edema posttraumatic esophagitis tracheal injury damage to the pharynx *** The patient complains of painful swelling in the area of the left auricle, which appeared 2 days ago after a bruise in the area of the auricle during wrestling. Objectively: on the anterior surface of the upper third of the left auricle there is a roundish bluish-red swelling, moderately painful, fluctuating during palpation. What is the most likely diagnosis otgematoma acute otitis media outer ear furuncle chondroperichonritis of the auricle erysipelas of the auricle *** A 24-year-old patient complains of a sharp pain in the ear while chewing for two days. During otoscopy: at the entrance to the external auditory canal, a cone-shaped swelling covered with reddened skin is determined. The tympanic membrane is gray, the points are pronounced. W.r. 6 meters. What is the most likely diagnosis? furuncle of the outer ear acute otitis media otgematoma chondroperichonritis of the auricle external diffuse otitis media *** A 9-year-old child complains of a sore throat more on the right. Ill for 5 days. The condition is serious. Body temperature 38.6. During pharyngoscopy: trism, displacement of the right amygdala to the midline and anteriorly. Hyperemia and infiltration of the anterior arch and soft palate on the right. Submandibular lymph nodes are painful on palpation. What is the most likely diagnosis ? paratonsillar abscess catarrhal angina lacunar angina pharyngeal diphtheria follicular angina *** A 48-year-old patient complains of a hoarse voice, difficulty breathing during physical exertion. The described phenomena developed 2 years ago after a strumectomy operation. What should be done to clarify the diagnosis? indirect laryngoscopy otoscopy rhinoscopy pharyngoscopy therapist consultation *** For subcutaneous emphysema of the neck after tracheotomy, the most effective is wide opening of the skin wound pressure bandage subcutaneous tissue puncture neck massage cold on the wound *** Which pathway of infection is observed only in the maxillary sinus odontogenic Rhinogenic hematogenic traumatic lymphogenic *** The patient ate strawberries for 28 years. After two hours, there was difficulty breathing, a feeling of constriction in the neck, awkwardness when swallowing. On examination: on the lingual surface of the epiglottis, in the vallecules, on the scooped–laryngeal folds - vitreous edema, which also extends to the walls of pear- shaped pockets. What is the most likely diagnosis ? allergic laryngeal edema foreign body of the larynx allergic pharyngeal edema acute laryngitis pharyngeal abscess *** A 20-year-old patient complains of a sharp sore throat when swallowing, pain in the knee joints, an increase in body temperature to 38 degrees. Ill for the second day, the disease is associated with hypothermia. Pharyngoscopy: Palatine tonsils are hyperemic, infiltrated, on the surface of both tonsils there are white insular deposits that do not go beyond the arches. Submandibular lymph nodes are enlarged, painful on palpation. What is the most likely diagnosis ? lacunar angina catarrhal angina monocytic angina pharyngeal candidiasis agranulocytic agina *** A 25-year-old patient complains of a sharp sore throat when swallowing, general weakness, pain in the knee joints, an increase in body temperature to 38 degrees. Ill for the second day, the disease is associated with hypothermia. The general condition is satisfactory. Pharyngoscopy: Palatine tonsils are hyperemic, infiltrated, on the surface of both tonsils there are white spot rashes the size of a pinhead. Submandibular lymph nodes are painful on palpation. What is the most likely diagnosis? follicular angina catarrhal angina monocytic angina pharyngeal candidiasis agranulocytic vagina *** The patient complains of a sore throat on the right of a tearing nature, giving in the right ear, chills. Ill for 5 days. He was treated at home, improvement was noted. On the 5th day, the body temperature rose sharply to 39 degrees, there was a sharp pain when swallowing on the right. General condition of moderate severity. Mouth opens with difficulty, trism. Pharyngoscopy: the anterior arch and the right half of the soft palate are hyperemic, infiltrated, protruding anteriorly. The tongue is swollen and shifted to the left. What is the most likely diagnosis ? paratonsillar abscess catarrhal angina monocytic angina pharyngeal candidiasis pharyngeal abscess *** A 35-year-old man complained of sudden pain, a feeling of a foreign body in the ear, which is associated with a cockroach getting into the ear. During otoscopy: fragments of a cockroach (wings) are detected in the auditory canal. What is the most likely diagnosis foreign body of the external auditory canal acute otitis media sulfur plug eardrum injury middle ear foreign body *** In a 16-year-old patient, the day after he squeezed out the purulent core of the boil on the wing of the nose on the left, the general condition worsened. There were severe chills, profuse sweating, hectic temperature, severe headache. Locally in the circumference of the wing of the nose, where the boil is located – edema and infiltration of soft tissues that have spread to the cheek and lip area on the left. What complication of a nasal boil can you think about ? cavernous sinus thrombosis transverse sinus thrombosis rhinogenic sepsis periostitis of the eye socket sigmoid sinus thrombosis *** What diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses can cause intracranial complications nasal boil vasomotor rhinitis acute rhinitis curvature of the nasal septum nose injuries *** A 45-year-old patient complains of purulent discharge from the right half of the nose, difficulty in nasal breathing. Ill for 2 weeks. The disease is associated with hypothermia. During rhinoscopy: the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity is hyperemic, edematous, a strip of pus in the middle and nasal passage on the right. Palpation in the projection area of the right maxillary sinus on the right is painful. The radiograph of the paranasal sinuses shows intense darkening of the right maxillary sinus. What is the most likely diagnosis acute purulent sinusitis hemisinusitis acute sphenoiditis acute purulent frontitis acute ethmoiditis *** During the examination, the patient found dense "plugs" on the surface of the palatine and lingual tonsils, as well as along the back wall of the pharynx. "Plugs" have a conical shape, rise above the surface. What is the most likely diagnosis ? pharyngeal candidiasis pharyngitis catarrhal angina monocytic angina agranulocytic vagina *** A child of 4 years old, did not attend kindergarten for two days due to ARVI. At night, suddenly there was difficulty breathing. The child is restless, rushes, breathing is noisy, inspiratory shortness of breath is pronounced, the voice is sonorous. Indirect laryngoscopy cannot be performed in the emergency room of the children's hospital where the child was taken. What is the most likely diagnosis acute stenosing laryngotracheitis paratonsillar abscess acute pharyngitis pharyngeal abscess laryngeal angina *** Indicate the leading symptoms of false croup barking cough aphonia or dysphonia sore throat temperature rise refusal to feed *** Specify the leading symptom of phlegmonous laryngitis severe sore throat when swallowing and talking shift of the hemogram to the left hoarseness of voice severe general condition high temperature often with chills *** What is a contraindication to the immediate reposition of a fracture of the bones of the nose concussion of the brain sharp edema of soft tissues open fracture of the bones of the nose age nosebleed *** From which parts of the inner nose does nosebleed occur more often anterior nasal septum of the lower nasal conch of the middle nasal conch of the upper nasal conch the bottom of the nasal cavity *** Specify the location of pus localization in paratonsillar abscess near-infinite space inside the palatal roller lacunae of the palatal roller the back-of-the-throat space parapharyngeal space *** What is a pharyngeal abscess suppuration of loose fiber of the pharyngeal space and lymph nodes suppuration of loose fiber of the pericaryngeal space suppuration of loose fiber of the perinatal space suppuration of loose fiber of the parathonsillar space and lymph nodes suppuration of loose fiber of the parapharyngeal space and lymph nodes *** Which location of the paratonsillite is the most frequent front-top rear lower upper external *** Specify the most characteristic symptom of a paratonsillar abscess unilateral sore throat temperature rise ear pain headache drooling *** Where is the process localized in acute pharyngitis pharyngeal mucosa the back-of-the-throat space paratonsillary space palatine tonsils laryngeal mucosa *** What signs are characteristic of a paratonsillar abscess asymmetry of the pharynx due to protrusion of the soft palate and anterior arch hyperemia of the tonsils fusion of tonsils with arches caseous contents in lacunae of tonsils enlargement of submandibular lymph nodes Zack's symptom *** Where the foreign body of the pharynx is most often localized in palatine tonsil lingual amygdala epiglottis of the palatal arch small tongue *** Specify the most characteristic symptom of pharyngeal foreign bodies sore throat when swallowing trism of the chewing muscles rhinolalia bad breath difficulty breathing *** Specify the causes of acute laryngeal stenosis false croup acute laryngitis lacunar angina laryngeal neoplasm smoking *** Dense, dirty-gray, hard-to-remove plaque on the tonsils, spreading to the palatine arches indicate pharyngeal diphtheria follicular angina lacunar angina necrotic angina laryngeal angina *** At what stage of acute stenosis is tracheotomy indicated decompensation compensation subcompensations terminal explicit *** What is the most important therapeutic measure in the treatment of epiglottis abscess to be carried out opening with a Tobold knife with indirect laryngoscopy inhalation warming compress antibiotics intravenous, and intravenous administration of prednisone *** Specify the most characteristic sign of a posterior paratonsillary abscess asymmetry of the pharynx due to protrusion and hyperemia of the posterior arch of the tonsils unilateral sore throat when swallowing asymmetry of the pharynx due to the protrusion of the soft palate and anterior arch hyperemia of the tonsils Zack's symptom cough *** The patient complains of severe pain in the left ear, which increases when chewing, and an increase in temperature to 37.8 C. Objectively: a cone-shaped elevation is determined on the anterior wall of the external auditory canal, the skin on its surface is hyperemic, and a purulent head is in the center of the formation. The lumen of the auditory canal is sharply narrowed, it is not possible to examine the eardrum. Sharp pain during palpation in the region of the tragus. Whispered speech of 6 meters. The diagnosis was made: Furuncle of the outer ear. What are the doctor's further tactics? autopsy puncture suction tight bandage UHF *** A 5-year-old child, became acutely ill after suffering from ARVI. Suddenly, in the middle of the night, I woke up from a paroxysmal barking cough. The child is restless, tossing in bed. Breathing is wheezing, sharply labored, inspiratory shortness of breath is pronounced. The retraction of the soft tissues of the jugular fossa, supra– and subclavian spaces, epigastric region is determined. This condition lasted for an hour, after which, profuse sweating appeared, breathing became almost normal, the child fell asleep. What is the most likely diagnosis ? subcladal laryngitis catarrhal angina laryngeal angina allergic laryngeal edema lacunar angina Patients with pain in the field of vision, decreased vision, precipitates on the corneal endothelium, miosis and pericorneal injection - diagnosis: Fine iridocyclitis Fine conjunctivitis Complex attack of glaucoma Lacrimal sac phlegmon Fine episcleritis Where does the process of visual perception begin? in the sensation of cones and rods in the sensation of bipolar cells in the sensation of ganglion cells in the choroid in the optic nerve If corneal erosion has a tree-like defect when stained, we assume the diagnosis: infection with herpetic keratitis creeping corneal ulcer tuberculous keratitis syphilitic keratitis deep herpetic keratitis The main function of the superior rectus muscle of the eye is: elevation of the eyeball upward downward displacement of the eyeball adduction of the eyeball abduction of the eyeball dilation of the pupil Acute iridocyclitis includes all of the following symptoms except: macular edema photophobia pericorneal injection eyeball pain lacrimation Which anatomical structure of the eyeball has the largest number of sensory nerve fibers: cornea conjunctiva sclera retina choroid The main factor of joint involvement in the pathological process of the ciliary body and the iris during the development of inflammation: general vascularization anatomical proximity general innervation Increased IOP General lymphatic network  Visual acuity in newborns is approximately: 0.1 and above a few hundredths 0.6 and above 0.8 and above 1.0 and above A patient suffering from glaucoma should visit an ophthalmologist: once every 3 months every week once a year once every 3 years when iridescent circles appear before the eyes The patient's diagnosis is "Complete obstruction (obstruction) of the lacrimal tract." The most effective method of treatment: dacryocystorinostomy removal of the palpebral part of the lacrimal gland conjunctivorinostomy canaliculorinostomy conjunctivo-maxillostomy Cataract manifestations include: rapid decrease in visual acuity gradual decrease in visual acuity photophobia change in refraction of the eye towards its increase (myopization) blepharospasm Methods of orbit examination include: radiography computed tomography perimetry tonometry biomicroscopy Treatment of iridocyclitis includes: mydriatics dexamethasone in drops local and general use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs myotics local anesthetics Which of the listed remedies are least indicated in the treatment of superficial tree-like keratitis caused by the herpes simplex virus: pilocarpine r-r 1% acyclovir ointment interferon gentamicin r-r tobramycin ointment 0.3%  Mandatory research methods for penetrating eyeball injury: radiography according to the Komberg-Baltin technique lacrimal lavage biomicroscopy exophthalmometry refractometry Increased lacrimation is observed in: obstruction of the lacrimal pathways chorioretinitis refractive errors cataract inversion of lacrimal points Which of the following symptoms are characteristic of keratitis: photophobia pain in the eyeball area blepharospasm iridescent circles in front of the eyes pronounced lacrimation Narrowing of the field of vision in one quadrant is possible with the following diseases: retinal detachment primary glaucoma astigmatism hypermetropia emmetropia Acquired hemeralopia may occur due to: insufficient intake of vitamin A with food atherosclerosis insufficient intake of vitamin B with food liver diseases diabetes mellitus A child at the age of 3 months suffers from congenital purulent chronic dacryocystitis. Doctor's tactics: massage of the lacrimal sac area washing of the lacrimal sac with furacillin closed probing of the lacrimal tract followed by rinsing with furacillin open probing of the nasolacrimal canal dacryocystorinostomy Lagophthalmos in the vast majority of cases is associated with paralysis: n. facialis (facial nerve) n. abducens (abductor nerve) n. trochlearis (block nerve) n. oculomotorius communis (oculomotor nerve) n. trigeminus (trigeminal nerve) Eversion the edges of the eyelid outward is called: ectropion lagophthalmus blepharospasm entropion ptosis Inversion of the edge of the eyelid inward is called: entropion lagophthalmos blepharospasm ectropion ptosis The nutrition of the lens is carried out by: watery moisture vessels of the iris vessels of the ciliary body choroid vessels retinal vessels Refractive power of the lens at rest: 18-20 D 1-5 D 40 D 44 D 60-64 D What vessels nourish the substance of the lens in an adult: the lens does not receive nutrients directly from blood vessels hyaloid artery anterior ciliary arteries posterior short ciliary arteries posterior long ciliary arteries Examination of the patient revealed: absence of fundus reflex, gray lens, visual acuity – correct light projection (p.l.certa). Diagnosis: mature cataract initial cataract immature cataract glaucoma optic neuritis The main method of treatment of age-related cataracts: surgical conservative does not need treatment laser treatment physiotherapy treatment At the beginning of the development of stagnant ZN, visual acuity: does not change decreases moderately  decreases significantly drops to "0" correctly b and c In the case of optic neuritis, visual acuity: significantly decreases does not change decreases slightly changes throughout the day improves without treatment Indicate a symptom that is not characteristic of an acute attack of glaucoma: miosis with the preservation of the direct reaction of the pupil to light corneal edema shallow anterior chamber mydriasis stagnant injection of the vessels of the eyeball The upper limit of the values of normal IOP measured by a tonometer of 10 g according to Maklakov: 26 mm Hg. 20 mm Hg. 24 mm Hg. 27 mm Hg. there is no uniform norm The main production of watery moisture is carried out by: the processes (cilia) of the ciliary body the flat part of the ciliary body the iris the choroid the retina First aid in a polyclinic or a first-aid post with a penetrating eyeball wound: application of an eye patch and urgent transfer of the patient to a specialized eye trauma center reposition of the affected membranes of the eye in the wound excision of the affected membranes and sealing of the wound outpatient treatment by an ophthalmologist in a polyclinic instillation of myotics Intense ultraviolet radiation primarily affects: the cornea and conjunctiva the eye tolerates ultraviolet radiation without negative consequences the iris the lens the retina Possible complication of congenital total ptosis of the eyelid: amblyopia  glaucoma optic nerve atrophy cataract uveitis Myotics are prescribed for the diagnosis of: glaucoma iridocyclitis keratitis neuritis retinitis Possible complications of chronic purulent dacryocystitis: phlegmon of the lacrimal sac corneal ulcer cataract chronic conjunctivitis dacryoadenitis Mydriatics are indicated for the diagnosis of: iridocyclitis glaucoma acute conjunctivitis optic nerve neuritis (papillitis) keratouveitis In an acute attack of glaucoma, prescribe: pilocarpine atropine tetracaine chloramphenicol diacarb Pericorneal injection occurs in: inflammation of the vascular membrane of the eye conjunctivitis primary open-angle glaucoma age-related cataract retinal detachment The nasolacrimal canal opens into: the lower nasal passage the middle nasal passage the upper nasal passage the maxillary (maxillary) sinus the oral cavity The cornea consists of: 6 layers 2 layers 3 layers 4 layers  5 layers The collagen fibers of the cornea are located: parallel to the surface of the cornea chaotically concentrically perpendicular to the surface of the cornea at an angle to the surface of the cornea The cornea is fed from: by diffusion from the perilimbal vascular network central retinal artery latticed arteries upper eyelid artery the lower artery of the eyelid How many parts does the optic nerve have: four one two three five Evacuation (removal) of watery moisture from the anterior chamber of the eye occurs through: the angle of the anterior chamber and the scleral sinus (Schlemm's canal) The Cinnova ligament the capsule of the lens corneal stroma pupil The function of the retina: perception of light for the implementation of the visual act refractive trophic accommodation filtration of intraocular fluid Bowman's membrane is located in the cornea between: the epithelium and the corneal stroma stroma and descemet membrane descemet membrane and endothelium endothelium and anterior chamber moisture in the depth of the corneal stroma How many meninges does the optic nerve have: three one two four five  How many extraocular muscles form the oculomotor apparatus: six four five seven eight The fibrous ring of Zinn originates from: the visual hole the round hole the upper orbital fissure the lower orbital fissure the oval hole The posterior meek ciliary arteries feed: the outer layers of the retina the cornea the iris the inner layers of the retina the ciliary body The central retinal artery provides blood supply to: the inner layers of the retina choroids the outer layers of the retina irises ciliary body The optic nerve is: sensory nerve motor nerve mixed nerve sympathetic nerve parasympathetic nerve The external rectus muscle of the eye innervates: n. abducens (abductor nerve) n. oculomotorius communis (oculomotor nerve) n. facialis (facial nerve) n. trochlearis (block nerve) n. simpaticus (sympathetic nerve) The main function of the visual analyzer is: light perception peripheral vision visual acuity color perception binocular vision With visual acuity equal to 1.0 (Vis = 1.0), the value of the visual angle at which the details of the optotypes in the table for the study of visual acuity differ is: 1 min.  2 min. 3 min. 4 min. 5 min. If the patient distinguishes only the first row of optotypes at a distance of 1 meter, his visual acuity with 0.02 0.1 0.05 0.01 0.03 Accommodative asthenopia is most often found in: hypermetropia myopia presbyopia aphakia emmetropia First aid in acute iridocyclitis includes instillation of a solution of: atropine pilocarpine timolol gentamicin dicaine Ectropion is: inversion of the ciliary edge of the eyelid clouding of the lens turbidity of the vitreous body retinal hemorrhage retinal detachment What symptom is not characteristic of blepharitis: decreased visual acuity itching burning eyeball injection hyperemia of the edge of the eyelid External barley is an inflammation of: Zeiss glands The Meibomian glands Henle glands Krause glands Wolfring glands Chalazion is a chronic inflammation of: Meibomian glands the Zeiss glands Henle glands  Krause glands Wolfring glands Which of the listed eyelid tumors is malignant: adenocarcinoma angioma dermoid cyst nevus papilloma Which of the listed eyelid tumors is malignant: basal cell epithelioma xanthelasma hemangioma pigmented nevus papilloma What symptom is not characteristic of conjunctivitis: marked decrease in visual acuity eyeball injection feeling of a foreign body under the eyelid burning sensation itching What color do not distinguish patients with protanopia: red green blue yellow purple Which nerve paralysis can cause ptosis of the upper eyelid: n. oculomotorius (oculomotor nerve) n. facialis (facial nerve) n. trigeminus (trigeminal nerve n. trochlearis (block nerve) n. opticus (optic nerve) What substance in the tear has bactericidal properties: lysozyme lidaza chymotrypsin water phosphatase Amblyopia is a violation of the function of: binocular vision light perception color perception peripheral vision accommodation  Diopter is the refractive power of a lens with a focal length equal to: 1 m 100 m 10 m 10 cm 1 cm Refractive power of a lens with a focal length of 0.5 m: 2.0 D 4.0 D 1.0 D 0.5 D 0.1 D When staining corneal erosion, the defect has a tree-like character in the case of: herpetic keratitis superficial spot keratitis creeping corneal ulcer nerve-paralytic keratitis syphilitic keratitis What sign is not characteristic of burns with alkalis: cause coagulation necrosis are considered lighter compared to acid burns cause colliquation (liquefaction) of proteins tend to infiltrate and penetrate deep into tissues tend to increase the severity of the lesion in the days following the injury Hypopion (pus in the anterior chamber of the eye) is usually a symptom of: creeping corneal ulcer corneal erosion posttraumatic cataract hemophthalmos retinal detachment Sympathetic ophthalmia occurs no earlier than after: 2 weeks after injury 4 weeks after injury 5 weeks after injury 6 weeks after injury 1 month after injury The accumulation of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye is called: hyphema hemophthalmos heterochromia rubeosis hypopyon What sign is not characteristic of primary open-angle glaucoma: it manifests itself as an acute attack of glaucoma  the disease is bilateral in nature it progresses asymmetrically it is manifested by an increase in IOP glaucomatous excavation of the ZN develops Homonymous hemianopsias appear when: damage to the visual tract and visual radiance (Graziole beam) chiasmal lesion damage to the retina lesion of the optic nerve lesion of the choroid The methods of visual field research are: perimetry skiascopy campimetry refractometry biomicroscopy Peripheral concentric narrowing of the visual fields is characteristic of: optic nerve atrophy dacryoadenitis iridocyclitis conjunctivitis treelike herpetic keratitis The most severe complication of high-grade myopia is: retinal detachment myopic staphyloma myopic chorioretinitis myopic cataract vitreous opacity The anterior-posterior axis of the eye in an adult is on average: 24 mm 26 mm 28 mm 30 mm 32 mm Which feature does not relate to the characteristics of the lens: may be involved in the inflammatory process is a biconvex lens transparent and elastic formation fixed to the ciliary body with the help of zinc ligaments refractive power at rest 18.0-20.0 D After instillation of mydriatics, the patient had the following symptoms – redness of the eye, pain in the eyeball with irradiation to the corresponding half of the head, decreased visual acuity. What is the expected diagnosis: acute attack of glaucoma iridocyclitis  chorioiditis acute conjunctivitis optic neuritis Hypopion is: accumulation of white-yellow color in the anterior chamber of the eye homogeneous change in the transparency of watery moisture accumulation of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye precipitates on the endothelium of the cornea purulent secretion from the eye slit Complication of iridocyclitis with pupil overgrowth: secondary glaucoma creeping corneal ulcer optic nerve neuropathy retinal detachment chorioretinitis Surgical treatment of panophthalmitis: evisceration enucleation exenteration lens extraction neurectomy Anterior uveitis (iridocyclitis) implies inflammation of: the iris and ciliary body sclera vitreous body cornea optic nerve The factor that affects the level of IOP is: watery moisture and its circulation pupil diameter the size of the anterior-posterior axis of the eye the size of the lens the volume of the vitreous body Changes in the field of vision in the initial uncomplicated glaucoma: narrowing from the upper-nasal side dilation of the blind spot concentric narrowing central scotoma narrowing from the upper-temporal side Etiology of corneal creeping ulcer: bacterial viral syphilitic tuberculous toxic-allergic  Etiology of scrofulous (flickenulous) keratoconjunctivitis: tuberculosis-allergic viral syphilitic mycotic (fungal) allergic Etiology of tree keratitis: virus bacterial syphilitic tuberculous mycotic (fungal) With purulent corneal ulcer, the use of: drops with corticosteroids drops with antibiotics drops with mydriatics drops with antiseptics ointments with antibiotics The combination of symptoms: photophobia, lacrimation, blepharospasm, feeling of a foreign body is characteristic of: keratitis cataracts retinal detachment optic nerve atrophy central retinal vein thrombosis What does not apply to possible complications of keratitis: keratoconus corneal thorn clouding of the cornea by the type of cloud corneal vascularization corneal opacification by type of spot What research method allows you to determine the thickness of the lens and the size of the anterior-posterior axis of the eye: ultrasound examination of the eyeball biomicroscopy perimetry ophthalmoscopy refractometry If a stagnant ZN is detected, the patient is referred for consultation to: neurosurgeon an ophthalmologist rheumatologist  therapist otorhinolaryngologist Congenital glaucoma develops due to: residual mesodermal tissue in the corner of the anterior chamber neovascularization of the retina reduction of watery moisture production reduction of the anterior chamber increase in watery moisture production The pupil sphincter is innervated by: parasympathetic nerve fibers sympathetic nerve fibers trigeminal nerve fibers facial nerve fibers optic nerve fibers Precipitates are: spot deposits on the posterior surface of the cornea opacity of the vitreous body adhesions of the iris with the anterior surface of the lens pus in the anterior chamber of the eye presence of blood in the anterior chamber Synechiae are: adhesions of the iris with the lens or cornea spot deposits on the posterior surface of the cornea floating opacities of the vitreous body inflammatory deposits on the anterior surface of the lens deposition of exudate on the iris Treatment of iritis and iridocyclitis should first begin with instillation into the eye of mydriatics clarification of the etiology of uveiti etiotropic treatment desensitizing therapy the use of analgesics The beneficial effect of mydriatics in iridocyclitis is explained by: prevent the formation of synechiae, fusion and overgrowth of the pupil by creating rest for the iris and ciliary body reducing hyperemia of the anterior segment of the vascular tract by reducing exudation of inflamed tissue all of the above The symptom "amaurotic cat's eye" occurs in: retinoblastoma occlusion of the central retinal artery acute iridocyclitis superficial herpetic keratitis initial glaucoma  The first retinal neuron is located in a layer of: photoreceptor cells bipolar cells ganglion cells pigment epithelium layer inner mesh (plexiform) layer The second retinal neuron is located in a layer of: bipolar cells photoreceptor cells ganglion cells amacrine cells outer reticular (plexiform) layer The third retinal neuron is located in a layer of: ganglion cells photoreceptor cells bipolar cells pigment epithelium layer amacrine cells Fundus examination involves examination of: the eye, macula, retinal vessels ciliary body corneal epithelium lens irises The symptom of a "cherry stone" in the macula appears when: occlusions of the main trunk central occlusion of the main trunk of the central retinal vein occlusion of the branch of the central retinal vein occlusion of a branch of the central retinal artery occlusion of the cilioretinal artery The Komberg-Baltin prosthesis is used: for radiological localization of an intraocular foreign body in the case of a penetrating wound of the eyeball to localize the injury site in the case of contusion (contusion) of the eyeball to determine the magnetic properties of a foreign body to determine the volume of intravitreal hemorrhage The main focus in myopia is located: in front of the retina on the retina behind the retina on the anterior capsule of the lens on the posterior capsule of the lens The main focus in hypermetropia is located: behind the retina in front of the retina  on the retina on the anterior capsule of the lens on the posterior capsule of the lens The reason for the decrease in visual acuity in posterior uveitis is: exudative reaction of the vitreous body corneal refraction change photophobia blepharospasm precipitates on the corneal endothelium In what units is the volume of accommodation measured: diopters radians meters decimeters decigrams The main function of the iris: physiological diaphragm absorption of watery moisture protective aesthetic production of watery moisture The greatest stress of accommodation experiences: hypermetrope emmetrope myop patient with aphakia patient with an artificial lens Accommodation is: the ability to clearly see objects located from the eye at different distances static refraction of the eyeball the refractive power of the cornea the anterior-posterior axis of the eye the ability to distinguish light of different intensity The nearest point of clear vision is: the nearest point of clear vision at maximum accommodation voltage a point located at the top of the cornea a point located in front of the lens a point located behind the lens the point at which the rays are collected after passing through the optical system of the eyeball With very high (IV degree) amblyopia, visual acuity is: 0.04 and below 0.05 – 0.1 0.2 – 0.3  0.4 – 0.8 1.0 and above What medicinal substance, when instilled into the conjunctival cavity, can cause accommodation paralysis: r-r atropine 1% p-p pilocarpine 1% r-r furacillin 1:5000 r-r levomycetin 0.25% r-r timolol 0.5% What symptom is not characteristic fibrinous membranes fused with conjunctiva the disease has the character of an epidemic the main sign is the appearance of conjunctival follicles conjunctival hyperemia regional enlargement of lymph nodes What sign is not characteristic of spring catarrh: abundant purulent discharge is a chronic recurrent disease bilateral lesion allergic nature of the disease children under 15-17 years are usually affected Gonococcal conjunctivitis in adults manifests itself: in the first 3-7 days after infection in the first 11-20 days after infection in the first 21-26 days after infection in the first 27-30 days after infection 1 month after infection What sign is not characteristic of diphtheria conjunctivitis: increased IOP caused by Leffler's bacterium (bacillus) fibrinous membranes fused with conjunctiva tenderness of the anterior lymph nodes tenderness of the submandibular lymph nodes Spherical collective lenses hypermetropia myopia simple hypermetropic astigmatism complex myopic astigmatism simple myopic astigmatism Which of the listed lenses belong to the scattering spherical lenses: concave convex flat-convex biconvex  astigmatic Optical correction of simple myopia is performed using: the weakest scattering lens the weakest collective lens the strongest scattering lens prisms the strongest collective lens Possible complication of overripe cataract: secondary phacolytic glaucoma flyctenular conjunctivitis retinal detachment uveitis retinitis Congenital total (complete) cataracts undergo surgical treatment: in the early stages (in the first months of life) at 2 years after 7 years after 14 years after 60 years Which of the diseases is characterized by the appearance of precipitates on the posterior surface of the cornea: iridocyclitis chorioiditis retinal detachment high degree myopia conjunctivitis What symptom is not characteristic of acute dacryocystitis: signs of "dry eye syndrome" locally in the area of the lacrimal sac, an increase in temperature is determined edema of eyelid tissues and lacrimal sac area redness in the area of the lacrimal sac soreness in the area of the lacrimal sac Which symptom does not relate to the corneal (corneal) syndrome: diplopia lacrimation photophobia blepharospasm pain in the eyeball The pathognomonic symptom of herpetic keratitis is: lack of corneal sensitivity normal corneal sensitivity lacrimation photophobia blepharospasm  What statements regarding parenchymal syphilitic keratitis are correct: it has three stages of development the development of deep corneal vascularization there is no corneal vascularization both eyes are affected one eye is affected Dacryoadenitis in children may occur as a complication: epidemic mumps measles scarlet fever sore throat poisoning The main symptoms of congenital glaucoma: an increase in the size of the cornea and eyeball dysplasia (developmental disorder) anterior chamber angle precipitates on the endothelium of the cornea increased intraocular pressure abundant purulent discharge from conjunctival cavity Local anesthetics are used in the following cases: measurement of intraocular pressure according to Maklakov IOP examination (tonometry) perimetry, visual acuity study corneal sensitivity study removal of a foreign body Sympathetic ophthalmia proceeds in the form of: fibrinous-plastic iridocyclitis of the paired (non-injured) eye fibrinous plastic iridocyclitis of the injured eye neuroretinitis of the injured eye endophthalmitis of the injured eye development of glaucoma in the healthy eye