Medical Tests and Symptoms Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the most likely diagnosis for a child who lost consciousness in an acute setting?

  • laryngeal edema (correct)
  • foreign bodies of the nasopharynx
  • pharyngeal foreign body
  • foreign body of the esophagus

Which symptom is characteristic of laryngeal stenosis?

  • difficulty opening the mouth
  • severe inspiratory dyspnea (correct)
  • barking cough
  • severe sore throat

What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with acute pain, chills, and a rounded protrusion on the epiglottis with a yellow spot?

  • catarrhal angina
  • lacunar angina
  • epiglottis abscess (correct)
  • acute laryngitis

A three-year-old child has a button lodged in her nose. What is the likely diagnosis?

<p>foreign body of the nasal cavity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the doctor do next for a patient with purulent nasal discharge and pain in the projection area of the maxillary sinus?

<p>R graph of the paranasal sinuses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading objective symptom of a pharyngeal abscess?

<p>fluctuating protrusion of the posterior pharyngeal wall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom could indicate that a child experienced a foreign body aspiration event?

<p>sudden blue coloring (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a case of suspected foreign body in the nose, what external observation is crucial?

<p>hyperemic and infiltrated nasal mucosa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is commonly used for treating age-related cataracts?

<p>Surgical intervention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition called when the eyelid edges turn outward?

<p>Ectropion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the refractive power of the lens at rest?

<p>$18-20 D$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What vessels are responsible for nourishing the lens in adults?

<p>The lens does not receive nutrients from blood vessels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is least likely to be associated with an acute attack of glaucoma?

<p>Miosis with preservation of pupil reaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which examination result indicates a mature cataract?

<p>Absence of fundus reflex with gray lens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of optic neuritis, what typically occurs to visual acuity?

<p>Significantly decreases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves is primarily affected in lagophthalmos?

<p>N.facialis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate action for a doctor when a child has a foreign body stuck in the right half of his nose?

<p>Removal of a foreign body with a hook (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with sudden hearing loss after water exposure and sulfur masses in the ear canal?

<p>Sulfur plug (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What urgent procedure should a surgeon perform when a child develops suffocation and convulsions during adenotomy?

<p>Tracheotomy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal treatment for a wax obstructed auditory canal diagnosed as a sulfur plug?

<p>Removal by washing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient complaining of throat burning and hyperemic posterior pharyngeal mucosa after hypothermia?

<p>Pharyngitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely diagnosis for a patient who felt a stabbing pain in the jaw while eating and has a fish bone found at the upper pole of the tonsil?

<p>Pharyngeal foreign body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected outcome when a foreign body is removed from the nasal cavity?

<p>Immediate normalization of nasal breathing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which scenario would you expect to perform a conicotomy?

<p>Severe allergic reaction causing respiratory distress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the superior rectus muscle of the eye?

<p>Elevation of the eyeball upward (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structure of the eyeball has the largest number of sensory nerve fibers?

<p>Cornea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Increased lacrimation is primarily observed in which condition?

<p>Obstruction of the lacrimal pathways (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment method is most effective for complete obstruction of the lacrimal tract?

<p>Dacryocystorinostomy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Acquired hemeralopia may occur due to which of the following conditions?

<p>Insufficient intake of vitamin A with food (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is least characteristic of acute iridocyclitis?

<p>Macular edema (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Visual acuity in newborns is approximately:

<p>A few hundredths (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary intention in treating superficial tree-like keratitis caused by the herpes simplex virus is to avoid which of the following remedies?

<p>Pilocarpine r-r 1% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging method is considered a mandatory research tool for penetrating eyeball injury?

<p>Radiography according to the Komberg-Baltin technique (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Keratitis is commonly associated with which of the following symptoms?

<p>Blepharospasm (A), Iridescent circles in front of the eyes (B), Pronounced lacrimation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient presenting with conical plugs and elevated surface features?

<p>pharyngeal candidiasis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely diagnosis for a 4-year-old child presenting with noisy breathing, restlessness, and inspiratory shortness of breath?

<p>acute stenosing laryngotracheitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is a leading indicator of false croup?

<p>barking cough (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a serious contraindication to the immediate reposition of a nasal fracture?

<p>sharp edema of soft tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does nosebleed most frequently occur in the inner nose?

<p>anterior nasal septum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which space is pus commonly localized during a paratonsillar abscess?

<p>parapharyngeal space (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a pharyngeal abscess?

<p>suppuration in the parapharyngeal space and lymph nodes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most characteristic symptom of a paratonsillar abscess?

<p>unilateral sore throat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What therapeutic measure is critical for treating an epiglottis abscess?

<p>opening with a Tobold knife with indirect laryngoscopy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sign is typical in a posterior paratonsillary abscess?

<p>asymmetry of the pharynx due to protrusion and hyperemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected diagnosis for hypopion?

<p>Accumulation of white-yellow color in the anterior chamber of the eye (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What surgical treatment is indicated for panophthalmitis?

<p>Enucleation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition indicates inflammation of the iris and ciliary body?

<p>Anterior uveitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor affects the level of intraocular pressure (IOP)?

<p>Watery moisture and its circulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible complication of iridocyclitis with pupil overgrowth?

<p>Secondary glaucoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of lenses is used for correcting hypermetropia?

<p>Convex lenses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is not characteristic of keratitis?

<p>Diplopia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pathognomonic symptom of herpetic keratitis is characterized by:

<p>Lack of corneal sensitivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research method is used to measure the thickness of the lens?

<p>Ultrasound examination of the eyeball (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the iris?

<p>Physiological diaphragm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom does not relate to corneal syndrome?

<p>Dilation of the pupils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

With very high (IV degree) amblyopia, visual acuity is classified as:

<p>0.04 and below (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What medicinal substance can cause accommodation paralysis when instilled into the conjunctival cavity?

<p>Atropine 1% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Nasal Foreign Body

A foreign object, like a button, is lodged in the nasal cavity, causing inflammation, difficulty breathing, and a visible obstruction in the nasal passage.

Sulfur Plug

A buildup of earwax (cerumen) in the ear canal, creating a blockage and leading to hearing loss, especially after water exposure.

Post-Adenotomy Suffocation

A sudden and severe respiratory distress in a child following surgery, characterized by loss of consciousness and seizures, likely due to a complication related to anesthesia or the surgical procedure.

Tracheotomy

The procedure of making an incision in the neck to create an airway, often performed in emergency situations when breathing is obstructed.

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Pharyngitis

A condition characterized by inflammation and discomfort in the throat, especially after being exposed to cold temperatures, often accompanied by a sore throat feeling and mucus.

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Pharyngeal Foreign Body

A foreign object, like a fish bone, lodged in the throat causing pain, especially during swallowing.

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Removal of Foreign Body from Nose

A procedure to remove an object from the nose using a specialized tool.

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Sulfur Plug Removal by Washing

The doctor uses a gentle irrigation technique to remove a sulfur plug from the ear canal.

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Foreign Body of Larynx

A common condition where a foreign object gets lodged in the larynx, often causing difficulty breathing and airway obstruction.

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Severe Inspiratory Dyspnea

A symptom characterized by a severe difficulty in breathing, especially during inhalation. This is commonly found in conditions that affect the larynx.

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Epiglottitis

An infection that occurs in the epiglottis, the flap of tissue that covers the windpipe during swallowing. It can cause swelling and pain, leading to difficulty breathing.

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Foreign Body in Nasal Cavity

A condition where a foreign object enters the nasal cavity, often resulting in nasal blockage and discomfort. It's common, especially in children.

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Pharyngeal Abscess

A buildup of pus in the tissues of the pharynx, forming a pocket that can bulge outwards. This is usually accompanied by pain and difficulty swallowing.

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Acute Laryngitis

An acute inflammation of the larynx, usually caused by a virus. Symptoms include hoarseness, a barking cough, and difficulty breathing.

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Foreign Body of Esophagus

A condition that occurs when a foreign object gets stuck in the esophagus, the passage that connects the mouth to the stomach. It can cause pain and difficulty swallowing.

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Acute stenosing laryngotracheitis (croup)

A condition characterized by a barking cough, inspiratory stridor, and difficulty breathing, often occurring in children, usually caused by inflammation of the larynx and trachea.

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Paratonsillar Abscess

A painful swelling in the area between the tonsil and the soft palate, often causing difficulty swallowing and speaking.

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Barking Cough

A symptom characterized by a sudden, forceful, and noisy cough, often described as a 'barking' cough, typically occurring in children with croup.

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Hoarseness

A symptom characterized by a deep, raspy, or breathy voice, often associated with inflammation or swelling of the larynx.

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Sore Throat

A common symptom of pharyngitis and other throat infections, characterized by pain or discomfort when swallowing.

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Dyspnea (difficulty breathing)

A symptom characterized by difficulty breathing, often associated with swelling in the larynx or trachea.

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Dacryocystorhinostomy

A procedure to widen the tear duct, connecting the lacrimal sac to the nasal cavity.

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Lagophthalmos

A medical condition where the eyelids can't fully close, exposing the cornea.

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Entropion

Turning the edge of the eyelid inwards, causing eyelashes to irritate the eye.

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Ectropion

Turning the edge of the eyelid outwards, exposing the conjunctiva.

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Refractive power of the lens at rest

The lens's refractive power while relaxed, measured in Diopters (D).

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Cataract

Condition marked by a cloudy or opaque lens, leading to blurred vision.

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Glaucoma

Elevated intraocular pressure, leading to potential damage to the optic nerve.

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Optic Neuritis

Inflammation of the optic nerve, causing vision loss.

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Herpetic Keratitis

A specific type of keratitis (inflammation of the cornea) that causes tree-like lesions when stained. This pattern is characteristic of infection by the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV).

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Superior Rectus Function

The superior rectus muscle is responsible for moving the eye upward. It's one of the six extrinsic eye muscles that control eye movement.

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Acute Iridocyclitis

A condition characterized by inflammation of both the iris (colored part of the eye) and ciliary body. It causes eye pain, light sensitivity (photophobia), and redness around the cornea. Macular edema (swelling of the central part of the retina) is not a symptom.

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Cornea - Sensory Nerves

The cornea is the outermost, clear layer of the eye. It's responsible for refracting (bending) light and protects the eye. It has a dense network of sensory nerves, making it highly sensitive to pain and touch.

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Ciliary Body & Iris Inflammation

The ciliary body and iris are anatomically close, which makes inflammation in one structure easily spread to the other. Inflammation can disrupt the flow of fluid in the eye, contributing to increased intraocular pressure (IOP).

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Newborn Visual Acuity

Newborns have limited visual acuity. Their vision develops gradually. They can usually see objects at a short distance, but their clarity is not fully developed.

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Glaucoma Management

Glaucoma is a condition affecting the optic nerve, leading to vision loss. Regular eye exams are crucial for early detection and management.

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Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR)

Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is a surgical procedure that creates a new pathway for tears to flow from the lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity, thus correcting the obstruction of the lacrimal tract.

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Cataract Manifestations

Cataracts involve clouding of the natural lens of the eye, leading to gradual vision loss. This clouding causes light scattering and distortion, impairing vision.

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Orbit Examination

Radiography and computed tomography (CT) are imaging techniques used to examine the orbit (eye socket) in cases of suspected trauma or other abnormalities.

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What is hypopion?

Accumulation of white-yellow pus in the anterior chamber of the eye.

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What is anterior uveitis (iridocyclitis)?

Inflammation of the iris and ciliary body.

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What is a complication of iridocyclitis with pupil overgrowth?

The pupil is blocked, causing an increase in intraocular pressure.

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What is enucleation?

Surgical removal of the entire eyeball.

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What factor affects intraocular pressure (IOP)?

Watery fluid (aqueous humor) and its circulation.

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What is the characteristic field of vision change in early, uncomplicated glaucoma?

Concentric narrowing means a smaller field of vision, like looking through a tunnel.

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What is the etiology of a corneal creeping ulcer?

Bacterial infection of the cornea.

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What is the etiology of scrofulous (flickenulous) keratoconjunctivitis?

Tuberculosis-allergic reaction leading to keratoconjunctivitis.

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What is the etiology of tree keratitis?

Viral infection leading to keratitis.

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What kind of drops are used to treat a purulent corneal ulcer?

Antibiotic drops are used to treat bacterial infections.

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Photophobia, lacrimation, blepharospasm, and a feeling of a foreign body are characteristic of which condition?

Keratitis, because it causes inflammation of the cornea, leading to these symptoms.

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What does NOT apply to possible complications of keratitis?

Keratoconus, a corneal deformation, is not a direct complication of keratitis, but rather a distinct condition.

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What research method determines the thickness of the lens and the size of the anterior-posterior axis of the eye?

Ultrasound examination of the eyeball.

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If a patient has stagnant ZN, who should they consult?

Ophthalmologist, as they are eye specialists.

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What causes congenital glaucoma?

Residual mesodermal tissue in the corner of the anterior chamber.

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Study Notes

Medical Tests and Instruments

  • Otoscopy is performed using an ear funnel.
  • Posterior rhinoscopy is performed with a nasopharyngeal mirror.
  • Oropharyngoscopy uses a laryngeal mirror.
  • Anterior rhinoscopy is performed with a nasal mirror.
  • Indirect laryngoscopy uses a laryngeal mirror.

Symptoms of Angina

  • Lacunar angina is characterized by white or light yellow patches in the lacunae.
  • Follicular angina is characterized by suppurated follicles on the surfaces of the palatine tonsils.

Other Medical Information

  • In laryngeal stenosis of the fourth degree, the cricoid-thyroid ligament should be dissected.
  • A boil in the external auditory canal is often associated with limited swelling, hyperemia, and increased body temperature.
  • The Kisselbach plexus is located in the anterior-inferior nasal septum.

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Test your knowledge on various medical tests and instruments used in diagnosing conditions. This quiz also covers symptoms related to angina and other critical medical information. Perfect for students and professionals in the medical field.

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