English Midterm Important PDF

# ENGLISH MIDTERM IMPORTANT ## Optimal Well-being - **Personal sense of wellness** - **Physical well-being**: Physical fitness; a healthy, active body - **Mental well-being**: Emotional stability; free from mental or emotional disturbance - **Social resources**: The ability to feel comfortable amo...

# ENGLISH MIDTERM IMPORTANT ## Optimal Well-being - **Personal sense of wellness** - **Physical well-being**: Physical fitness; a healthy, active body - **Mental well-being**: Emotional stability; free from mental or emotional disturbance - **Social resources**: The ability to feel comfortable among other people, social ease and skills - **To satisfy needs**: The ability to accomplish what must be done to survive and grow - **Aspirations**: Dreams and goals - **Environment**: Physical/Emotional surroundings - **Community relationships**: Social connections - **Lived experience**: Unique, personal experiences that lead to unique actions and lifestyle - **Philosophy**: A sum of personal beliefs - **Outcomes**: Results - **Isolation**: Alone/separated from others - **General practitioner**: Family doctor - **Essential**: Necessary or very important - **Dependent**: Reliant upon - **Initial**: First; taking the lead - **Holistic**: All aspects; sum of all parts - **OT**: Occupational therapist; promotes health and wellness - **RN**: Registered nurse; a person who practices professional nursing; may or may not be specialized - **MD**: Medical doctor - **SW**: Social worker; concerned with patient's living arrangements, finances, and personal support networks - **RT**: Respiratory therapist concerned with patient airways and their function OR a recreation therapist concerned with patient activity and quality of life - **RPN**: Registered psychiatric nurse; a person who practices professional nursing; specialized in mental health and addiction care - **LPN**: Licensed practical nurse; subordinate to RNs and RPNs yet fully qualified within own scope of practice and licensing to provide certain patient care - **PT**: Physiotherapist: concerned with patient's movement and function - **GP**: General practitioner; a physician with a general focus, most often seen as a family doctor - **Optimal health** - **Disease**: Pathological change in organs or tissues revealed by particular signs and symptoms - **Cure**: A particular method of treatment designed to restore health - **Overweight** ## Professional Caring - **Professional caring** - **Physical fitness** - **Epilepsy** - **Holistic care** - **Health professionals** - **Prescribed** - **Interrelate** - **Standards** - **Physiotherapy sessions** - **WHO** ## WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION - **Lifestyle**: Way of life - **Consumer**: Customer, client, or patient who purchases, uses, or eats a product - **Issue**: The main topics, results, or points of interest in a subject - **Needs**: Something you require - **Passive receiver**: Submissive and acted upon - **Health promotion**: Teaching and providing information about healthy living - **Prevention**: Taking positive action to avoid a terrible illness or situation from occurring - **Competent nurse** - **Melting pot** - **Health challenge** - **Conscience** - **Perspective** - **Emphasizing** - **Physical capacities** - **Infirmity** - **Cope with** - **Failing health** - **Competency** - **Collaborate**: Working together and planning together # ENGLISH CHAPTER 1 ANSWERS ## 1 - Lifestyle - Lifestyle can best be described as: **a) way of life** ## 2 - Consumer - The term consumer can best be described as: **d) both (b) and (c).** ## 3 - Issue - The word issues can best be described as meaning: **a) the main topics, results, or points of interest in a subject** ## 4 - Needs - Needs can best be described as meaning: **b) something you require** ## 5 - Passive receiver - The term passive receiver can best be described as: **b) submissive and acted upon** ## 6 - Health promotion - The term concept health promotion can best be understood as meaning: **b) teaching and providing information about healthy living** ## 7 - Prevention - Prevention can best be described as: **c) taking positive action to avoid a terrible illness or situation from occurring** ## 8 - Disease - The word disease can best be described as: **a) pathological change in organs or tissues revealed by particular signs and symptoms** ## 9 - Cure - The noun cure can best be described as: **b) a particular method of treatment designed to restore health** ## 10 - Collaborate - The word collaborate can best be described as: **d) working together and planning together** ## 11 - Health - Health can best be described as: **e) all of the above** ## 12 - Patient with diabetes - The patient with diabetes says he is in good health. This means: **a) he feels well and his diabetes is under control** ## 13 - Elderly patient - The elderly patient is very, very thin. She has not eaten a proper meal in 1 week. She is poor health. Poor health is best described as: **b) improper nutrition and health care** ## 14 - Mrs. Anderson - Mrs. Anderson is in failing health. She is 94, has cancer, and now has pneumonia. Failing health can best be described as: **c) in deteriorating condition and may die** ## 15 - Mom's health - My mom in relatively good health. She has arthritis and eczema, but otherwise she is well. Relatively good health means: **a) able to function and have a quality of life that suits her** ## 16 - Nurse - I am a nurse. It is important for me to give good health care to my patients. Giving good health care can be described as: **a) providing the best professional treatment, skills, compassion, and caring activities possible.** ## 17 - Competent Nurse - I am a competent nurse. In this context, competent can best be described as: **b) skilled, knowledgeable, and capable.** ## 18 - Canada and the United States - Canada is a multicultural mosaic while the United States is more of a melting pot. In this context, melting pot can best be described as: **b) an expectation that all new immigrants assimilate into mainstream culture.** ## 19 - Health Challenge - My father faces the health challenge of diabetes. In this context, health challenge can best be described as: **c) He has a chronic illness that he must treat and be aware of as he goes about his life.** ## 20 - Lived experience - My father's lived experience of diabetes has been positive. He is quite comfortable with it. In this context, lived experience can best be described as: **a) His unique, personal experience with this health challenge. It has been one of acceptance and adaptability.** ## 21 - Professional Caring - Professional caring means having high standards of care, knowledge, and skills to help people meet their health-care needs. In this context, professional caring can best be described as: **a) requiring advanced education, training, and preparation.** ## 22 - Veronica - Veronica has high standards of cleanliness for herself, her home, and her job. In this context, high standards can best be described as: **c) cleanliness is an important goal for her** ## 23 - Conscience - If you forget to change a patient's dressing, does it affect your conscience? In this context, conscience can best be described as: **a) a moral sense of being right or wrong.** ## 24 - Doctors - Doctors have full authority over all aspects of patient care. **b) False** ## 25 - Physiotherapists - Physiotherapists are never invited to participate in health-care teams. **b) False** ## 26 - Collaboration - Collaboration within the health-care team does not include the patient. **b) False** ## 27 - Patients - Patients have no choice in the type of care they receive. **b) False** ## 28 - Nurses and Dieticians - Nurses and dieticians may each have something valuable to add to the care planning done for patients. **a) True** # Complete Questions 1. Frederica has very poor vision, yet she says her health is very good. That is her subjective opinion. Subjective means **personal/special/own opinion**. 2. The test results for Mrs. Ortega have arrived from the laboratory. When you read them, you discover she does not have diabetes and she is in optimal health in general. In this case, optimal health is defined objectively. Objectively means **not considered**. 3. The medical concept of physical fitness means **physical well-being**. 4. Ling Wu is new in town and needs a family doctor. She must look under the heading **physician** in the yellow pages of her phonebook. 5. Rochelyn was in a car accident a few weeks ago. She pulled a muscle in her upper arm. Now she attends **physiotherapy session** three times per week to help improve muscle strength in her arms. 6. Winston is having difficulties adjusting to the separation from his wife and kids since the divorce last month. He is feeling suicidal. At the medical clinic today, he is referred to the **psychiatric** for assessment and care. 7. Azeim studied the respiratory system, gas exchanges, biology, physiology, and technology in a 4-year degree program to become a **respiratory therapist**. 8. The Ngoba family really appreciated the kind and competent care their elderly family member received from the **health care team** on the medical unit at the hospital. Today their mom is being discharged. The Ngobas have brought the team a small bouquet of flowers in thanks. 9. GinGin has just completed a 1-year practical nursing program. Now she must write the national exams to obtain her **license to practice**. # Section 1: Terms related to clinical medicine The actual practice of medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of disease is referred to as **clinical medicine**. The term clinic comes from a Greek kliné that refers to the “sick bed” or “bedside”, thus the term clinical pertains to care given at the bedside. Modern medical practice also assists persons who are not quite well, but who are able to move around by themselves: they are called **ambulatory patients,** from the Latin word ambulate, meaning “to walk”, and in the hospital situation they are referred to as **outpatients** as opposed to **inpatients**. The examination and diagnosis is made by a **medical doctor (MD)** or **physician** (from an old French word fisique, meaning medicine). ## 1.1 Diagnosis of Diseases The first step in the practice of the clinical medicine is the diagnosis of disease. A diagnosis is made following a complete examination of the body and mind, and the taking of a complete medical history. ### 1.1.1 Physical Examination The examination of the body as a whole includes the following aspects and is called a **complete physical examination**: - **Inspection**: The act of looking into or looking at the patient either directly or indirectly through various instruments. For example, an ophthalmoscope is an instrument for viewing the internal structures of the eye. - **Palpation**: The act of touching or feeling specific areas of the patient's body. The body is palpated for irregularities in size, firmness, lumps or other physical findings evaluated by touch. - **Auscultation**: The act of listening to the sounds produced by internal organs as they are functioning or to sound produced in response to electronic devices. A stethoscope is an instrument for listening to the sounds in the chest. It is also used to listen to many other areas of the body. - **Percussion**: The act of striking various parts of the body to determine the quality of the sounds produced the reflexes or reaction of nerves or the existence of tenderness. - **Vital signs**: These are measured to complete the total evaluation of the person's state of health. The vital signs measured are the temperature, pulse respiratory rate and the blood pressure. They are commonly abbreviated as T, P, R and BP respectively. The term **sign** is used in medicine to mean a change in the patient's body or bodily functions that can be seen, heard, or otherwise measured objectively by the physician. The purpose of a physical examination is to find signs of disease. ### 1.1.2. Medical history The medical history is a body of information collected to learn past events, which might relate to the patient's health or illness. A medical history includes the following information: - **Family history**: History of certain diseases in other family members - **Presenting symptoms or chief complaint**: History of present illness if illness is present: when did it begin, is this the first time. Here the term “presenting symptoms” means the symptoms that the patient brings up when asked why he is visiting a doctor. - **Past history**: Previous occurrence of the same or other disease - **Social history**: Marital status, living conditions, etc. The purpose of taking a medical history is to evaluate symptoms of a disease and to gather information about possible problems. The information gathered from the physical examination and medical history is recorded in one place. This is called the **medical record**. The patient's physician, evaluating all of the information makes a **diagnosis** and plans the method of treatment. ### 1.1.3. Diagnosis terminology The terms related to the diagnosis of disease conditions of the body are the following: - **Acute**: From Latin meaning “sharp”. An acute condition is one that is brief and severe. - **Ambulatory**: From Latin meaning “to walk”. The sick person is not confined to a sickbed or clinic but is capable of walking about. - **Anomaly**: Irregularity, a deviation from normal. - **Atrophy**: A wasting away of the body or of an organ or part. The term comes from Greek meaning “lack of food" to a body part or organ, which causes it to waste away. - **Benign**: From Latin meaning “well born”. A disease that will probably not lead to death. - **Chronic**: From a Greek term meaning “time-related". A condition which comes back repeatedly or lasts a long time. - **Diagnosis**: Identification of a disease. - **Malignant**: A condition that becomes progressively worse and may result in death. - **Metastatic**: From Greek and Latin meaning “ next place". A disease that spreads from one place in the body to another, such as cancer. - **Prognosis**: From Greek and Latin meaning “to know beforehand". A prediction of the course of a disease process. - **Sign**: An observable occurrence that indicates a disease state. Example: fever is a sign of infection. - **Symptom**: From Greek and Latin meaning “ to fall together” . Abnormal feelings or sensations which occur together with a particular disease process as experienced by the patient. Symptoms cannot usually be measured objectively by the physician. Example: headache may by a symptom of brain tumor. - **Syndrome**: From Greek meaning “run together”. A group of signs and symptoms which usually occur together. Example: respiratory distress syndrome is a group of signs and symptoms that result from respiratory distress. - **Systemic**: Involving systems. A systemic disease affects the body as a whole, for example through the blood circulation. The term commonly used for the treatment of disease is **therapy**. Therapeutics is the phase of medicine which deals with the treatment of disease. Therapy means healing, and all forms of treatment deal with some form of healing. Two general categories of treatment in the field of medicine are **surgery** and **internal medicine**. Surgical therapy involves the art and practice of treating disease, injuries and deformities by operation or by the application of devices, either eternally or externally. The person giving this type of treatment is called a **surgeon**. **Internal medicine** deals with the treatment of diseases with drugs. This category of treatment is commonly called **medical therapy**. The person giving this type of treatment is called an **internist**.