Psychology Exam Questions PDF

# Психология Сессия вопросы ## 1. What is attention? * It is the taking possession by the mind in clear and vivid form of one out of what seem several simultaneous objects or trains of thought. It implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal with others. * Is where attention is recalled...

# Психология Сессия вопросы ## 1. What is attention? * It is the taking possession by the mind in clear and vivid form of one out of what seem several simultaneous objects or trains of thought. It implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal with others. * Is where attention is recalled without practicing, something that happened recently. * Is the ability to store more information for long periods of time (lifetimes) like phone numbers, names and address' from when we were kids. * The ability to look at an item for a second and then remember what it looked like. It is processed approximately 200-500 milliseconds after an item is perceived. * The system of attention that do not enter conscious awareness, including memories for learned skills, habits, and conditioning. ## 2. What is implicit memory? * It is the taking possession by the mind in clear and vivid form of one out of what seem several simultaneous objects or trains of thought. It implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal with others. * Is where attention is recalled without practicing, something that happened recently. * Is the ability to store more information for long periods of time (lifetimes) like phone numbers, names and address' from when we were kids. * The ability to look at an item for a second and then remember what it looked like. It is processed approximately 200-500 milliseconds after an item is perceived. * We don't know that we have it, they affect our actions in subtle ways like; you may dislike a new person because they remind you of someone else. ## 3. What is short-term memory * It is the taking possession by the mind in clear and vivid form of one out of what seem several simultaneous objects or trains of thought. It implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal with others. * Is where memory is recalled without practicing, something that happened recently. It is believed to rely mostly on an acoustic code for storing information. * Is the ability to store more information for long periods of time (lifetimes) like phone numbers, names and address' from when we were kids. * The ability to look at an item for a second and then remember what it looked like. It is processed approximately 200-500 milliseconds after an item is perceived. * The system of memories that do not enter conscious awareness, including memories for learned skills, habits, and conditioning. ## 4. What is long-term memory * It is the taking possession by the mind in clear and vivid form of one out of what seem several simultaneous objects or trains of thought. It implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal with others. * It s where memory is recalled without practicing, something that happened recently. It is believed to rely mostly on an acoustic code for storing information. * Is the ability to store more information for long periods of time (lifetimes) like phone numbers, names and address' from when we were kids. * The ability to look at an item for a second and then remember what it looked like. It is processed approximately 200-500 milliseconds after an item is perceived. * The system of memories that do not enter conscious awareness, including memories for learned skills, habits, and conditioning. ## 5. What is sensory memory? * It is the taking possession by the mind in clear and vivid form of one out of what seem several simultaneous objects or trains of thought. It implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal with others. * It s where memory is recalled without practicing, something that happened recently. It is believed to rely mostly on an acoustic code for storing information. * Is the ability to store more information for long periods of time (lifetimes) like phone numbers, names and address' from when we were kids. * The ability to look at an item for a second and then remember what it looked like. It is processed approximately 200-500 milliseconds after an item is perceived. ## 6. What is Focused Attention? * respond to discrete visual, auditory, or tactile stimuli (ie: head turning to stimuli) * vigilance (over time) and working memory (active holding and manipulating info) * ability to ignore irrelevant or distracting stimuli * capacity for mental flexibility * ability to respond to multiple, simultaneous tasks ## 7. What is Alternating Attention? * respond to discrete visual, auditory, or tactile stimuli (ie: head turning to stimuli) * vigilance (over time) and working memory (active holding and manipulating info) * ability to ignore irrelevant or distracting stimuli * capacity for mental flexibility * to respond to multiple, simultaneous tasks ## 8. What is Sustained Attention? * respond to discrete visual, auditory, or tactile stimuli (ie: head turning to stimuli) * vigilance (over time) and working memory (active holding and manipulating info) * ability to ignore irrelevant or distracting stimuli * capacity for mental flexibility * ability to respond to multiple, simultaneous tasks ## 9. What is Divided Attention? * respond to discrete visual, auditory, or tactile stimuli (ie: head turning to stimuli) * vigilance (over time) and working memory (active holding and manipulating info) * ability to ignore irrelevant or distracting stimuli * capacity for mental flexibility * ability to respond to multiple, simultaneous tasks ## 10. What is Selective Attention? * respond to discrete visual, auditory, or tactile stimuli (ie: head turning to stimuli) * vigilance (over time) and working memory (active holding and manipulating info) * ability to ignore irrelevant or distracting stimuli * for mental flexibility * ability to respond to multiple, simultaneous tasks ## 11. What is Semantic Memory? * comprised of reconstruction of past experiences, including sensations, emotions. They usually unfold like movies and are experiences by one's point of view * is non-personal, factual knowledge that stands alone * the capacity to hold information long enough to use it * comprised from learning actions like walking, swimming, riding a bike * we don't know that we have it, they affect our actions in subtle ways like; you may dislike a new person because they remind you of someone else. ## 12. What is Episodic Memory? * comprised of reconstruction of past experiences, including sensations, emotions. They usually unfold like movies and are experiences by one's point of view * is non-personal, factual knowledge that stands alone * the capacity to hold information long enough to use it * comprised from learning actions like walking, swimming, riding a bike * we don't know that we have it, they affect our actions in subtle ways like; you may dislike a new person because they remind you of someone else. ## 13. What is Procedural “body” Memory? * comprised of reconstruction of past experiences, including sensations, emotions. They usually unfold like movies and are experiences by one's point of view * is non-personal, factual knowledge that stands alone * the capacity to hold information long enough to use it * comprised from learning actions like walking, swimming, riding a bike * we don't know that we have it, they affect our actions in subtle ways like; you may dislike a new person because they remind you of someone else. ## 14. What is Working Memory? * comprised of reconstruction of past experiences, including sensations, emotions. They usually unfold like movies and are experiences by one's point of view * is non-personal, factual knowledge that stands alone * the capacity to hold information long enough to use it * comprised from learning actions like walking, swimming, riding a bike * we don't know that we have it, they affect our actions in subtle ways like; you may dislike a new person because they remind you of someone else. ## 15. Types of memory? * Episodic, Semantic, Working Memory, Procedural "body", Implicit. * Focused, Sustained, Selective, Alternating, Divided. * Informative, Motivation, Persuasive, Aesthetic, Therapeutic. * Intrapersonal, Dyadic, Small Group, Public, Mass. ## 16. Functions of communication? * Episodic, Semantic, Working Memory, Procedural "body", Implicit. * Focused, Sustained, Selective, Alternating, Divided. * Informative, Motivation, Persuasive, Aesthetic, Therapeutic. * Intrapersonal, Dyadic, Small Group, Public, Mass. ## 17. Types of attention? * Episodic, Semantic, Working Memory, Procedural "body", Implicit. * Focused, Sustained, Selective, Alternating, Divided. * Informative, Motivation, Persuasive, Aesthetic, Therapeutic. * Intrapersonal, Dyadic, Small Group, Public, Mass. ## 18. Forms of communication? * Episodic, Semantic, Working Memory, Procedural "body", Implicit. * Focused, Sustained, Selective, Alternating, Divided. * Informative, Motivation, Persuasive, Aesthetic, Therapeutic. * Intrapersonal, Dyadic, Small Group, Public, Mass. ## 19. What is Temperament? * at seem several simultaneous objects or trains of thought... It implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal with others. * Is where attention is recalled without practicing, something that happened recently. * They are our patterns of behavior... the ways we usually respond to situations. The innate aspects of an individual's personality such as introversion or extroversion is termed Temperament. * The ability to look at an item for a second and then remember what it looked like. It is processed approximately 200-500 milliseconds after an item is perceived. * The system of attention that do not enter conscious awareness, including memories for learned skills, habits, and conditioning. ## 20. What is verbal communication? * Any communication without word of mouth, spoken words, conversation and written languages. * Communication happens through any word written or often written sign which refers the languages uses in any medium. * The communication happens through verbally, vocally or through written words which express or convey the message to other. ## 21. From which language did the term communication come? and what did it mean * The term communication has been derived from the Latin word, 'communis', which means common. * The term communication has been derived from the from Greek word, 'communis', which means common. * The term communication has been derived from the from English word, 'common', which means interaction. ## 22. Types of communication * Verbal Communication (Oral, Written), 2) Non-Verbal * Oral Communication (Verbal, Written), 2) Non-Verbal * Written Communication (Verbal, Oral), 2) Non-Verbal * Non-Verbal Communication (Verbal, Oral), 2) Verbal Communication ## 23. What is non-verbal communication? * The communication happens through verbally, vocally or through written words which express or convey the message to other. * A communication happens through any word written or often written sign which refers the languages uses in any medium is called. * Any communication without word of mouth, spoken words, conversation and written languages. ## 24. Functions of communication * Interpersonal communication, Dyadic, Small group, Public, Mass-Media * Non-Verbal Communication, Verbal, Oral, Verbal Communication * Informative, Instructive, Persuasive, Motivation, Aesthetic, Therapeutic, Regulation/Control, Social Interaction * Episodic, Semantic, Working Memory, Procedural "body", Implicit. * Focused, Sustained, Selective, Alternating, Divided. ## 25. What is written communication? * The communication happens through verbally, vocally or through written words which express or convey the message to other. * A communication happens through any word written or often written sign which refers the languages uses in any medium. * Any communication without word of mouth, spoken words, conversation and written languages. ## 26. What is Small Group Communication? * more than two members involved in communication process will become a group communication. In this communication process, everyone becomes a Source as well as receiver through sharing information and gives feedback to another. * communication, two persons are involved in this communication process. Here the Source becomes a receiver and receiver become Source because of dynamic communication process were the feedback's are shared between Source and the receiver. * is a communication which happens yourself. Here both Source (sender) and receiver is only one. so, the feedback works without any interruption. ## 27. Forms of communication * Interpersonal communication, Dyadic, Small group, Public, Mass-Media * Non-Verbal Communication, Verbal, Oral, Verbal Communication * Informative, Instructive, Persuasive, Motivation, Aesthetic, Therapeutic, Regulation/Control, Social Interaction * Episodic, Semantic, Working Memory, Procedural "body", Implicit. * Focused, Sustained, Selective, Alternating, Divided. ## 28. What is Intrapersonal Communication? * more than two members involved in communication process will become a group communication. In this communication process, everyone becomes a Source as well as receiver through sharing information and gives feedback to another. * communication, two persons are involved in this communication process. Here the Source becomes a receiver and receiver become Source because of dynamic communication process were the feedback's are shared between Source and the receiver. * is a communication which happens yourself. Here both Source (sender) and receiver is only one. so, the feedback works without any interruption. ## 29. What is Public Communication? * more than two members involved in communication process will become a group communication. In this communication process, everyone becomes a Source as well as receiver through sharing information and gives feedback to another. * in this communication, Source or messages from a single person will reach or received by huge number of audience. But in this communication there is no mutual feedbacks between source and receiver like small group communication and it's only focused on Speaker. * is a communication which happens yourself. Here both Source (sender) and receiver is only one. so, the feedback works without any interruption. ## 30. What is Dyadic Communication? * more than two members involved in communication process will become a group communication. In this communication process, everyone becomes a Source as well as receiver through sharing information and gives feedback to another. * in this communication, Source or messages from a single person will reach or received by huge number of audience. But in this communication there is no mutual feedbacks between source and receiver like small group communication and it's only focused on Speaker. * is a communication which happens yourself. Here both Source (sender) and receiver is only one. so, the feedback works without any interruption. * two persons are involved in this communication process. Here the Source becomes a receiver and receiver become Source because of dynamic communication process were the feedback's are shared between Source and the receiver. ## 31. What is Mass Communication * more than two members involved in communication process will become a group communication. In this communication process, everyone becomes a Source as well as receiver through sharing information and gives feedback to another. * communication, two persons are involved in this communication process. Here the Source becomes a receiver and receiver become Source because of dynamic communication process were the feedback's are shared between Source and the receiver. * basically have a large number of audience and they are all can't grouped together in one place so we need certain tool or technology for communication process. * two persons are involved in this communication process. Here the Source becomes a receiver and receiver become Source because of dynamic communication process were the feedback's are shared between Source and the receiver. ## 32. The Temperament Types * Choleric, phlegmatic, sanguine, menlancholic * Choleric, introvert, sanguine, menlancholic * Choleric, phlegmatic, extrovert, menlancholic * Extrovert, phlegmatic, sanguine, menlancholic * Choleric, phlegmatic, sanguine, extrovert ## 33. Characteristic (advantages) of Choleric * Activists(take part in public events), Opportunist, Hard driving, Optimistic/confident, Perfectionist, Friendly, Tough minded, Fearless, Action oriented * Peace loving and peace maker, Even tempered, Balanced (adjust to every situation), Kind hearted, Even loving, Do not discriminate, Easy going, Not demanding * Enjoy life and always happy, Optimistic/confident, Excel in communication oriented things, Talkative, Warm (have sympathy for people), They are approachable, Sincere and helpful, independent * Perfectionists, Analytical, Great understanding, Self sacrificial, Aesthetics (show beauty in their ding), Gifted(have extraordinary talents), Good decision making people, Good leaders, They are responsible, Faithfulness and loyalty, Dependable, Deep commitment * Lonely/private, Suicidal tendencies, Easily depressed, Some times procrastinate, Revengeful, Emotional ## 34. Characteristic (advantages) of Sanguine * Activists(take part in public events), Opportunist, Hard driving, Optimistic/confident, Perfectionist, Friendly, Tough minded, Fearless, Action oriented * Peace loving and peace maker, Even tempered, balanced (adjust to every situation), Kind hearted, Even loving, Do not discriminate, Easy going, Not demanding * Enjoy life and always happy, Optimistic/confident, Excel in communication-oriented things, Talkative, Warm (have sympathy for people), They are approachable, Sincere and helpful, independent * Perfectionists, Analytical, Great understanding, Self sacrificial, Aesthetics (show beauty in their ding), Gifted (have extraordinary talents), Good decision-making people, Good leaders, They are responsible, Faithfulness and loyalty, Dependable, Deep commitment * Lonely/private, Suicidal tendencies, Easily depressed, Some times procrastinate, Revengeful, Emotional ## 35. Characteristic (advantages) of Phlegmatic * Activists(take part in public events), Opportunist, Hard driving, Optimistic/confident, Perfectionist, Friendly, Tough minded, Fearless, Action oriented * Peace loving and peace maker, Even tempered, Balanced (adjust to every situation), Kind hearted, Even loving, Do not discriminate, Easy going, Not demanding * Enjoy life and always happy, Optimistic/confident, Excel in communication oriented things, Talkative, Warm (have sympathy for people), They are approachable, Sincere and helpful, independent * Perfectionists, Analytical, Great understanding, Self sacrificial, Aesthetics(show beauty in their ding), Gifted(have extraordinary talents), Good decision making people, Good leaders, They are responsible, Faithfulness and loyalty, Dependable, Deep commitment * Lonely/private, Suicidal tendencies, Easily depressed, Some times procrastinate, Revengeful, Emotional ## 36. Characteristic (advantages) of Melancholic * Activists(take part in public events),Opportunist, Hard driving, Optimistic/confident, Perfectionist, Friendly, Tough minded, Fearless, Action oriented * Peace loving and peace maker, Even tempered, Balanced (adjust to every situation), Kind hearted, Even loving, Do not discriminate, Easy going, Not demanding * Enjoy life and always happy, Optimistic/confident, Excel in communication oriented things, Talkative, Warm (have sympathy for people), They are approachable, Sincere and helpful, independent * Perfectionists, Analytical, Great understanding, Self sacrificial, Aesthetics(show beauty in their ding), Gifted(have extraordinary talents), Good decision making people, Good leaders, They are responsible, Faithfulness and loyalty, Dependable, Deep commitment * Lonely/private, Suicidal tendencies, Easily depressed, Some times procrastinate, Revengeful, Emotional ## 37. Characteristic (weaknesses) of Choleric * Forgetful, Unreliable, Naïve (behave like children or people without experience, they do not want to be alone, Superficial (Surface thinking), Very demanding, Unstable, Exaggeration, Stubborn, does many things at once and does not always complete * Perfectionists, Analytical, Great understanding, Self sacrificial, Aesthetics(show beauty in their ding), Gifted(have extraordinary talents), Good decision making people, Good leaders, They are responsible, Faithfulness and loyalty, Dependable, Deep commitment * Uninvolving, Not opportunists, Indecisive, Unemotional and inexpressive, Rarely self sacrificing(do not want to sacrifice themselves for affection), Unwillingness to become involved in deep relationships with people of the opposite sex, Procrastination, Verbal defences * Quick tempered, Offensive, Proud, Cruel, Rash decision making, Rude, Self centered * Lonely/private, Suicidal tendencies, Easily depressed, Some times procrastinate, Revengeful, Emotional ## 38. Characteristic (weaknesses) of Melancholic * Forgetful, Unreliable, Naïve (behave like children or people without experience, they do not want to be alone, Superficial (Surface thinking), Very demanding, Unstable, Exaggeration, Stubborn, does many things at once and does not always complete * Perfectionists, Analytical, Great understanding, Self sacrificial, Aesthetics(show beauty in their ding), Gifted(have extraordinary talents), Good decision making people, Good leaders, They are responsible, Faithfulness and loyalty, Dependable, Deep commitment * Uninvolving, Not opportunists, Indecisive, Unemotional and inexpressive, Rarely self sacrificing(do not want to sacrifice themselves for affection), Unwillingness to become involved in deep relationships with people of the opposite sex, Procrastination, Verbal defences * Quick tempered, Offensive, Proud, Cruel, Rash decision making, Rude, Self centered * Lonely/private, Easily depressed, Some times procrastinate, Revengeful, Emotional ## 39. Characteristic (weaknesses) of Phlegmatic * Forgetful, Unreliable, Naïve (behave like children or people without experience, they do not want to be alone, Superficial (Surface thinking), Very demanding, Unstable, Exaggeration, Stubborn, Does many things at once and does not always complete * Perfectionists, Analytical, Great understanding, Self sacrificial, Aesthetics(show beauty in their ding), Gifted(have extraordinary talents), Good decision making people, Good leaders, They are responsible, Faithfulness and loyalty, Dependable, Deep commitment * Uninvolving, Not opportunists, Indecisive, Unemotional and inexpressive, Rarely self sacrificing(do not want to sacrifice themselves for affection), Unwillingness to become involved in deep relationships with people of the opposite sex, Procrastination, Verbal defences * Quick tempered, Offensive, Proud, Cruel, Rash decision making, Rude, Self centered * Lonely/private, Suicidal tendencies, Easily depressed, Some times procrastinate, Revengeful, Emotional ## 40. Characteristic (weaknesses) of Sanguine * Forgetful, Unreliable, Naïve (behave like children or people without experience, they do not want to be alone, Superficial (Surface thinking), Very demanding, Unstable, Exaggeration, Stubborn, Does many things at once and does not always complete * Perfectionists, Analytical, Great understanding, Self sacrificial, Aesthetics(show beauty in their ding), Gifted(have extraordinary talents), Good decision making people, Good leaders, They are responsible, Faithfulness and loyalty, Dependable, Deep commitment * Uninvolving, Not opportunists, Indecisive, Unemotional and inexpressive, Rarely self sacrificing(do not want to sacrifice themselves for affection), Unwillingness to become involved in deep relationships with people of the opposite sex, Procrastination, Verbal defences * Quick tempered, Offensive, Proud, Cruel, Rash decision making, Rude, Self centered * Lonely/private, Suicidal tendencies, Easily depressed, Some times procrastinate, Revengeful, Emotional ## 41. Maslow's hierarchy of needs (levels) * Physiological needs, Safety needs, Love and belongingness needs, Esteem needs, Self-actualization needs * Autonomy needs, Safety needs, Love and belongingness needs, Esteem needs, Self-actualization needs * Physiological needs, Competence needs, Love and belongingness needs, Esteem needs, Self-actualization needs * Physiological needs, Safety needs, Love and belongingness needs, Esteem needs, Autonomy needs * Physiological needs, Safety needs, Love and belongingness needs, Competence needs, Self-actualization needs ## 42. Self-actualization needs ..... * are the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy, and refer to the realization of a person's potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. * are the fourth level in Maslow's hierarchy and include self-worth, accomplishment and respect, dignity, achievement, mastery, independence, the desire for reputation or respect from others (e.g., status, prestige). * these are biological requirements for human survival, e.g. air, food, drink, shelter, clothing, warmth, sex, sleep. * people want to experience order, predictability and control in their lives. These needs can be fulfilled by the family and society (e.g. police, schools, business and medical care). For example, emotional security, financial security (e.g. employment, social welfare), law and order, freedom from fear, social stability, property, health and wellbeing (e.g. safety against accidents and injury) * to a human emotional need for interpersonal relationships, affiliating, connectedness, and being part of a group. Examples of belongingness needs include friendship, intimacy, trust, and acceptance, receiving and giving affection, and love ## 43. Love and belongingness needs ..... * are the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy, and refer to the realization of a person's potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. * are the fourth level in Maslow's hierarchy and include self-worth, accomplishment and respect, dignity, achievement, mastery, independence, the desire for reputation or respect from others (e.g., status, prestige). * these are biological requirements for human survival, e.g. air, food, drink, shelter, clothing, warmth, sex, sleep. * people want to experience order, predictability and control in their lives. These needs can be fulfilled by the family and society (e.g. police, schools, business and medical care). For example, emotional security, financial security (e.g. employment, social welfare), law and order, freedom from fear, social stability, property, health and wellbeing (e.g. safety against accidents and injury) * to a human emotional need for interpersonal relationships, affiliating, connectedness, and being part of a group. Examples of these needs include friendship, intimacy, trust, and acceptance, receiving and giving affection, and love ## 44. Safety needs ..... * are the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy, and refer to the realization of a person's potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. * are the fourth level in Maslow's hierarchy and include self-worth, accomplishment and respect, dignity, achievement, mastery, independence, the desire for reputation or respect from others (e.g., status, prestige). * these are biological requirements for human survival, e.g. air, food, drink, shelter, clothing, warmth, sex, sleep. * people want to experience order, predictability and control in their lives. These needs can be fulfilled by the family and society (e.g. police, schools, business and medical care). For example, emotional security, financial security (e.g. employment, social welfare), law and order, freedom from fear, social stability, property, health and wellbeing (e.g. safety against accidents and injury) * to a human emotional need for interpersonal relationships, affiliating, connectedness, and being part of a group. Examples of belongingness needs include friendship, intimacy, trust, and acceptance, receiving and giving affection, and love ## 45. Esteem needs needs ..... * are the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy, and refer to the realization of a person's potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. * are the fourth level in Maslow's hierarchy and include self-worth, accomplishment and respect, dignity, achievement, mastery, independence, the desire for reputation or respect from others (e.g., status, prestige). * these are biological requirements for human survival, e.g. air, food, drink, shelter, clothing, warmth, sex, sleep. * people want to experience order, predictability and control in their lives. These needs can be fulfilled by the family and society (e.g. police, schools, business and medical care). For example, emotional security, financial security (e.g. employment, social welfare), law and order, freedom from fear, social stability, property, health and wellbeing (e.g. safety against accidents and injury) * to a human emotional need for interpersonal relationships, affiliating, connectedness, and being part of a group. Examples of belongingness needs include friendship, intimacy, trust, and acceptance, receiving and giving affection, and love ## 46. Physiological needs ..... * are the highest level in Maslow's hierarchy, and refer to the realization of a person's potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences. * are the fourth level in Maslow's hierarchy and include self-worth, accomplishment and respect, dignity, achievement, mastery, independence, the desire for reputation or respect from others (e.g., status, prestige). * these are biological requirements for human survival, e.g. air, food, drink, shelter, clothing, warmth, sex, sleep. * people want to experience order, predictability and control in their lives. These needs can be fulfilled by the family and society (e.g. police, schools, business and medical care). For example, emotional security, financial security (e.g. employment, social welfare), law and order, freedom from fear, social stability, property, health and wellbeing (e.g. safety against accidents and injury) * to a human emotional need for interpersonal relationships, affiliating, connectedness, and being part of a group. Examples of belongingness needs include friendship, intimacy, trust, and acceptance, receiving and giving affection, and love ## 47. What is psychology? * Psychology is the scientific study of the behavior of individuals and their mental processes. * Psychology is an orderly, analytical process used in all sciences to analyze and solve problems. * Psychology is an observable, measurable action. It is the means by which both animals and humans adjust to their environment. * Psychology refers to the private, internal workings of the mind. * Psychology is the taking possession by the mind in clear and vivid form of one out of what seem several simultaneous objects or trains of thought... It implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal with others. ## 48. What is cognition? * cognition is the scientific study of the behavior of individuals and their mental processes. * cognition is the orderly, analytical process used in all sciences to analyze and solve problems * cognition is observable, measurable action. It is the means by which both animals and humans adjust to their environment. * cognition refer to the private, internal workings of the mind. * cognition is the taking possession by the mind in clear and vivid form of one out of what seem several simultaneous objects or trains of thought... It implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal with others. ## 49. What is a scientific method? * scientific method is the scientific study of the behavior of individuals and their mental processes. * scientific method is the orderly, analytical process used in all sciences to analyze and solve problems * scientific method is observable, measurable action. It is the means by which both animals and humans adjust to their environment. * scientific method refers to the private, internal workings of the mind. * scientific method is the taking possession by the mind in clear and vivid form of one out of what seem several simultaneous objects or trains of thought... It implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal with others. ## 50. Founders of psychodynamic perspective? * S.Freud * J. Watson, B.F.Skinner * C.Rogers, A.Maslow * C.Darwin * Ulric Neisser ## 51. Founders of humanistic perspective? * S.Freud * J. Watson, B.F.Skinner * C.Rogers, A.Maslow * C.Darwin * Ulric Neisser ## 52. Founders of behavioral perspective? * S.Freud * J. Watson, B.F.Skinner * C.Rogers, A.Maslow * C.Darwin * Ulric Neisser ## 53. Founders of evolutionary perspective? * S.Freud * J. Watson, B.F.Skinner * C.Rogers, A.Maslow * C.Darwin * Ulric Neisser ## 54. What is sensation? * The active process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting the information brought to the brain by the senses * The passive process of receiving and detecting a stimulus by the nervous system. Process of sensing our environment through taste, sight, sound, touch and smell * its process begins with the sensory receptors and works its way up to the brain/Use the features of the object itself to process the information * Processing information from the senses with higher level mental processes using our experiences and expectations. Using your background knowledge to fill in the gaps * The process by which a form of physical energy is converted into a coded neural signal that can be processed by the nervous system. ## 55. What is perception? * The active process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting the information brought to the brain by the senses * The passive process of receiving and detecting a stimulus by the nervous system. Process of sensing our environment through taste, sight, sound, touch and smell * its process begins with the sensory receptors and works its way up to the brain/Use the features of the object itself to process the information * Processing information from the senses with higher level mental processes using our experiences and expectations. Using your background knowledge to fill in the gaps * The process by which a form of physical energy is converted into a coded neural signal that can be processed by the nervous system. ## 56. What is top-down process? * The active process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting the information brought to the brain by the senses * The passive process of receiving and detecting a stimulus by the nervous system. Process of sensing our environment through taste, sight, sound, touch and smell * its process begins with the sensory receptors and works its way up to the brain/Use the features of the object itself to process the information * Processing information from the senses with higher level mental processes using our experiences and expectations. Using your background knowledge to fill in the gaps * The process by which a form of physical energy is converted into a coded neural signal that can be processed by the nervous system. ## 57. What is bottoms-up? * The active process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting the information brought to the brain by the senses * The passive process of receiving and detecting a stimulus by the nervous system. Process of sensing our environment through taste, sight, sound, touch and smell * its process begins with the sensory receptors and works its way up to the brain/Use the features of the object itself to process the information * Processing information from the senses with higher level mental processes using our experiences and expectations. Using your background knowledge to fill in the gaps * The process by which a form of physical energy is converted into a coded neural signal that can be processed by the nervous system. ## 58. What is transduction? * The active process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting the information brought to the brain by the senses * The passive process of receiving and detecting a stimulus by the nervous system. Process of sensing our environment through taste, sight, sound, touch and smell * its process begins with the sensory receptors and works its way up to the brain/Use the features of the object itself to process the information * Processing information from the senses with higher level mental processes using our experiences and expectations. Using your background knowledge to fill in the gaps * The process by which a form of physical energy is converted into a coded neural signal that can be processed by the nervous system. ## 59. What is Just Noticeable Difference Threshold? * The smallest possible strength of a stimulus that can be detected half the time * The minimum difference that a person can detect between two stimuli 50% of the time. * When exposed to a stimuli over a period of time there will be a diminished sensitivity to it. If a stimulus is constant and unchanging, eventually a person may fail to respond to it * Processing information from the senses with higher level mental processes using our experiences and expectations. Using your background knowledge to fill in the gaps * The process by which a form of physical energy is converted into a coded neural signal that can be processed by the nervous system. ## 60. What is Sensory Adaptation? * The smallest possible strength of a stimulus that can be detected half the time * The minimum difference that a person can detect between two stimuli 50% of the time. * When exposed to a stimuli over a period of time there will be a diminished sensitivity to it. If a stimulus is constant