Psychology Chapter: Memory and Attention

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What aspects does psychology study?

Only observable behavior

Only external stimuli and reactions

The behavior of individuals and their mental processes (correct)

The evolution of human thought processes

Which of the following best describes cognition?

An analytical process used in various fields of science

Only the observable actions of individuals

The private, internal workings of the mind (correct)

An unstructured form of idea generation

Which need is not part of Maslow's hierarchy?

Self-actualization needs

Physiological needs

Spiritual needs (correct)

Cognitive needs

What defines physiological needs according to Maslow?

They are the foundational needs for human survival Signup and view all the answers

What level in Maslow's hierarchy corresponds to belongingness needs?

Third level Signup and view all the answers

Which concept best describes the need for interpersonal relationships?

Belongingness Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does psychology analyze?

Behavior and mental processes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of belongingness needs?

Friendship and intimacy Signup and view all the answers

What defines attention in psychology?

The conscious withdrawal from certain stimuli to focus on others. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes implicit memory?

It involves memories we are not aware of that subtly influence our behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes short-term memory?

It primarily uses acoustic codes for information storage. Signup and view all the answers

How quickly is visual information processed in memory?

About 200-500 milliseconds. Signup and view all the answers

What best describes cognition in psychological terms?

The clear and vivid possession of a single object of thought. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of implicit memory?

Involves the deliberate recall of facts. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately defines the scientific method in psychology?

It is the systematic approach to experimental study and problem-solving. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of attention according to psychology?

It involves clear and vivid focus on specific stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered a founder of the psychodynamic perspective in psychology?

S. Freud Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of short-term memory?

To hold information temporarily for immediate use. Signup and view all the answers

Who are the renowned founders of the humanistic perspective?

C. Rogers and A. Maslow Signup and view all the answers

Which example best illustrates implicit memory?

Disliking someone because they remind you of a negative experience. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was not a founder of the behavioral perspective?

S. Freud Signup and view all the answers

Which option best defines sensation in the realm of psychology?

The conversion of physical energy into neural signals. Signup and view all the answers

What best describes perception in psychological terms?

The cognitive process of interpreting sensory data. Signup and view all the answers

Which founder is associated with the evolutionary perspective in psychology?

C. Darwin Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Attention

Attention is the mind's focus on one thing while ignoring others
It involves withdrawing from competing stimuli
Attention is not a static state but a dynamic process

Implicit Memory

Implicit memory is a type of memory that affects behavior without conscious awareness
It includes memories for learned skills, habits, and conditioning
Implicit memories can influence actions without realizing it

Short-Term Memory

Short-term memory stores recently encountered information
It relies mostly on an acoustic code for storage
Information is held for short durations, typically 20-30 seconds

Long-Term Memory

Long-term memory stores information over extended periods, including lifetime memories
It does not always require conscious effort for retrieval
Examples include phone numbers, names, and addresses

Sensory Memory

Sensory memory briefly stores sensory information
It captures fleeting sensory impressions (visual, auditory, etc.)
It holds information for a very short period before it's lost or transferred to short-term memory

Focused Attention

Focused attention is the ability to attend to specific, discrete stimuli (visual, auditory, or tactile)
It involves actively directing attention to a specific stimulus
It's used in task focused situations where ignoring distractions is important

Alternating Attention

Alternating attention is the ability to shift attention between different tasks or stimuli
It involves switching between or focusing on multiple stimuli simultaneously
Practicing tasks involving constant shifts in focus may improve alternating attention

Divided Attention

Divided attention is the capacity to divide attention amongst different stimuli or tasks
It requires dividing attention between various tasks
Improving focus can be improved with practice

Selective Attention

Selective attention is the ability to focus on a specific stimulus while filtering out irrelevant or distracting stimuli
It's important for filtering out noises, distractions, or other stimuli not directly relating to the task
It improves when trained and used regularly

Semantic Memory

Semantic memory is a type of long-term memory
It stores general knowledge, facts, and concepts
Semantic memory is not tied to a specific experience

Episodic Memory

Episodic memory stores personal experiences
It's associated with specific times, places, and personal events
Experiences are not typically forgotten, but can fade as time goes by

Procedural Memory

Procedural memory stores information about how to perform tasks
Includes learned skills, habits, and routines
It allows for performing tasks automatically without conscious thought

Working Memory

Working memory is a short-term memory system
It allows for temporary storage and manipulation of information
Important for completing tasks, encoding information, and reasoning

Types of Memory

Episodic, semantic, working memory, procedural "body", implicit memory

Communication

Communication is the process of conveyance of information or a message between two or more parties
There are many types and forms including non-verbal

Temperament

Choleric: Active, assertive, driving
Sanguine: sociable, outgoing, positive
Phlegmatic: calm, relaxed, steady
Melancholic: sensitive, quiet, reflective

Psychological Approaches

Psychodynamic: Emphasizes unconscious motives and early experiences
Humanistic: Focuses on the potential for personal growth and self-actualization
Behavioral: Focuses on observable behaviors and environmental factors that influence learning
Cognitive: Focuses on mental processes like memory, perception, and thinking
Evolutionary: Focuses on the evolutionary underpinnings of human psychological processes

Psychology Concepts

Motivation: The drives underlying behavior
Cognition: Mental processes involved in knowing, thought, and consciousness

Psychological Research

Research methods: The strategies used to investigate psychological questions
Important figures: Key individuals who contributed to the field of psychology
Types of psychology: Various branches of psychological study

Sensory Processes

Transduction: The process of converting physical energy into neural signals
Sensation: The process of receiving and responding to stimuli
Perception: The process of understanding and interpreting stimuli

Perception Types

Top-down processing: uses background knowledge to understand stimuli
Bottom-up processing: uses sensory experiences to perceive stimuli

Attention Terms

Absolute threshold: Minimum stimulus strength that can be detected
Just noticeable difference: Minimum difference that can be detected between similar stimuli
Sensory adaptation: Diminished sensitivity to constant stimuli

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the fascinating concepts of memory and attention in this quiz. Test your knowledge on different types of memory, including short-term and long-term memory, as well as the dynamic nature of attention. Delve into how implicit memory influences behavior without conscious awareness.