Infinitives Lesson PDF

Verbals: INFINITIVES Module 1, Session 1 Third Term, SY 2024 - 2025  Overview of Module 1 Session 1: Infinitives Session 2: Participles Session 3: Misplaced & Dangling Modifiers Session 4: Drills & Pair Activity Session 5: Assessment Task #1  Objectives of Today’s Session 1....

Verbals: INFINITIVES Module 1, Session 1 Third Term, SY 2024 - 2025  Overview of Module 1 Session 1: Infinitives Session 2: Participles Session 3: Misplaced & Dangling Modifiers Session 4: Drills & Pair Activity Session 5: Assessment Task #1  Objectives of Today’s Session 1. To understand the definition of and application of Infinitives 2. To differentiate Infinitive Phrases from Prepositional Phrases 3. To understand and identify the functions of Infinitive Phrases 4. To provide own Infinitive Phrases to complete sentences meaningfully and appropriately 5. To be prepared for Assessment Task #1  First of all, what are VERBALS ? These are words that look like verbs but function as something else.  There are 3 kinds of Verbals: Gerunds, Infinitives, & Participles. REVIEW (this was taught in AJHS English 7 last SY): A GERUND is a verbal that acts as a noun, and appears like the verb in the present participle form (verb + -ing) Examples: Playing basketball is my hobby. (This is a noun as a Subject) I enjoy playing basketball with my friends. (This is a noun as a Direct Object) INFINITIVES An INFINITIVE is a verbal that acts as a NOUN, ADJECTIVE, or ADVERB. How is it formed? → “TO” & the SIMPLE FORM of the Verb. to study to train to play to save to answer to copy  An INFINITIVE is a verbal that acts ✓ as a NOUN: To study is what I plan to do. (Noun as Subject) ✓ ADJECTIVE: I will accomplish my plan to study. (Modifies the noun “plan”) ✓ ADVERB: I will go to the library to study. (Answers the question “Why?”) An INFINITIVE PHRASE consists of an INFINITIVE & its MODIFIERS. * The modifiers enhance the context of the infinitive. Formula: to + verb + modifiers To study for English is what I plan to do. I will accomplish my plan to study for English. I will go to the library to study for English.  VERY IMPORTANT !!! AN ESSENTIAL SKILL IN MASTERING INFINITIVES IS KNOWING THE DIFFERESNCE BETWEEN AN INFINITIVE PHRASE & A PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE (that starts with “to”) !!! INFINITIVE PHRASE = TO + VERB (& MODIFIERS) My family decided to go to the mall last Saturday. (to + verb “go”) PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE = TO + NOUN (& MODIFIERS) My family went to the mall last Saturday. (it is not a verb which follows the word “to”) DRILL: INFINITIVE PHRASE or PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE ? 1. To balance studies and social activities is something I want to do this 3rd Term. Infinitive Phrase: to + balance (Verb) 2. With our parents’ permission, my friends and I go to the mall sometimes. Prepositional Phrase: to + the mall (Noun) 3. Despite the fun things we do together, we do not forget to accomplish our school requirements. Infinitive Phrase: to + accomplish (Verb)  DRILL: INFINITIVE PHRASE or PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE ? 4. We remind each other to always focus on our studies. Infinitive Phrase: to + always focus (Verb modified by an adverb) 5. Our parents have learned to trust us. Infinitive Phrase: to + trust (Verb) 6. On some weekends, we go to each other’s homes and play video games together. Prepositional Phrase: to + each other’s homes (Noun)  WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF INFINITIVES ? 1. As an ADJECTIVE – to modify Nouns & Pronouns He finally revealed his plan to surprise his dad on his birthday. * The infinitive phrase “to surprise his dad on his birthday” modifies the noun “his plan”. My desire to get good grades is my way of thanking my parents. * The infinitive “to get good grades” modifies the noun “My desire”.  WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF INFINITIVES ? 2. As an ADVERB – to modify Verbs, Adjectives, & other Adverbs I always exercise to stay fit. * The infinitive phrase “to stay fit” modifies the verb “exercise”, and answers the question “Why”. Eager to raise money for CSIP, my class was very determined when we sold donuts. * The infinitive “to raise money” modifies the adjective “Eager”. Responsible netizens are working tirelessly to battle fake news. * The infinitive phrase “to battle fake news” modifies the adverb “tirelessly”. WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF INFINITIVES ? 3. As a Noun – We will focus on Infinitives as Nouns. They have different functions as Nouns too. The Noun Functions of Infinitives are: Subject, Direct Object, Predicate Noun, and Appositive NOUN FUNCTIONS FOR INFINITIVES A) As SUBJECT = this is the topic of the sentence, and it is usually found before the predicate or the verb. * To study diligently is our main priority as AJHS students. * To balance their studies with their training and competition is a potential challenge for student athletes.  NOUN FUNCTIONS FOR INFINITIVES B) As DIRECT OBJECT = this receives the action of the verb, and thus follows a transitive verb. It answers the question “What?” * I plan to stay at home this weekend. - I plan what? To stay at home. * My brother appeared to be excited about his work. - My brother appeared what? To be excited about his work.  NOUN FUNCTIONS FOR INFINITIVES C) As PREDICATE NOUN = this follows a linking verb (we will focus on the linking verb “to be” – thus, a PN follows one of the following: am, is, are, was, were, will be). A PN renames the subject of the sentence. * What I plan to do this 3rd Term is to finish all of my assignments in school. * A very exciting experience for me this school year was to go to Salikneta Farm for our DANAS trip.  NOUN FUNCTIONS FOR INFINITIVES D) As APPOSITIVE = this follows a noun that it renames, and is enclosed by commas. * An assessment task last term, to create a community bulletin featuring details of “The Giver”, involved creativity. * My mother approves of my plan, to bike with friends within our subdivision on weekends. DRILL: THESE SENTENCES HAVE INFINITIVE PHRASES THAT FUNCTION AS NOUNS. IDENTIFY THE PHRASE AND ITS NOUN FUNCTION (SUBJECT, DO, PN, or APPOSITIVE) 1. My brother was told to try out for the varsity team. - My brother was told to try out for the varsity team. DO DRILL: THESE SENTENCES HAVE INFINITIVE PHRASES THAT FUNCTION AS NOUNS. IDENTIFY THE PHRASE AND ITS NOUN FUNCTION (SUBJECT, DO, PN, or APPOSITIVE) 2. To go out and play sports is important since being inactive is potentially unhealthy. - To go out and play sports is important since being inactive is potentially unhealthy. Subject DRILL: THESE SENTENCES HAVE INFINITIVE PHRASES THAT FUNCTION AS NOUNS. IDENTIFY THE PHRASE AND ITS NOUN FUNCTION (SUBJECT, DO, PN, or APPOSITIVE) 3. The tendency of many teenagers is to eat a lot of junk food without exercising properly. - The tendency of many teenagers is to eat a lot of junk food without exercising properly. PN DRILL: THESE SENTENCES HAVE INFINITIVE PHRASES THAT FUNCTION AS NOUNS. IDENTIFY THE PHRASE AND ITS NOUN FUNCTION (SUBJECT, DO, PN, or APPOSITIVE) 4. Families should undertake a healthy practice, to enjoy the outdoors and exercise together. - Families should undertake a healthy practice, to enjoy the outdoors and exercise together. Appositive  DRILL: COMPLETE THE SENTENCES BY PROVIDING AN APPROPRIATE AND MEANINGFUL INFINITIVE PHRASE. 1. _____________ is something I will definitely do now that we are in the Third Term. 2. One of the most helpful things I do in order to focus during school days is _________________.  Infinitives / Infinitive SUMMARY Phrases to + verb / + modifiers Functions of Infinitives as Nouns: Subject: To focus on my studies is what I need to do. Direct Object: I promise to do my best in the remaining months of the school year. Predicate Noun: My long-term goal is to be the best version of myself. Appositive: My plan, to save money, involves being practical and resourceful. Assignment (due a minute before the next class): Accomplish [M1.1] Step 2: Formative on Infinitives.