System Analysis and Design PDF

# System Analysis and Design Presented by: BSIE 4 - 2 GROUP 1 ## Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design System Analysis and Design - A structured approach used to develop, maintain, and improve information systems within an organization. System Analyst - Plan, develop, and maintain info...

# System Analysis and Design Presented by: BSIE 4 - 2 GROUP 1 ## Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design System Analysis and Design - A structured approach used to develop, maintain, and improve information systems within an organization. System Analyst - Plan, develop, and maintain information systems. - Manages IT projects and/or report to other departments. ## Benefits of Systems Analysis and Design - Improved Efficiency - Better Decision-Making - Cost-Savings - Alignment to Business Goals ## The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) 1. Planning 2. System Analysis 3. System Design 4. Implementation 5. Operation and Maintenance ## Planning Phase Define project scope, goals, and feasibility. Key activities: - Identify business needs. - Conduct preliminary investigations. - Perform feasibility study (technical, economic, operational). - Develop project schedule and budget. ## Analysis Phase Understand current system and define requirements for new system. Outcome: Detailed requirements specification. Key activities: - Gather and document user requirements. - Analyze existing systems and processes. - Identify system boundaries and interfaces. - Create process models and data flow diagrams. ## Requirement Gathering Techniques - Interviews - Surveys - Observation - Document Analysis - Joint Development - Prototyping ## Design Phase Create a blueprint for the new system. Outcome: Detailed system design specification. Key activities: - Develop system architecture. - Design user interfaces. - Create database schema. - Define security measures. - Plan system integration. ## User Interface Design Principles - Consistency - Accessibility - Simplicity - Efficiency - Feedback - Error Prevention ## Implementation Phase Build, test, and deploy the new system. Outcome: Fully functional and operational system. Key activities: - Develop software components. - Conduct unit, integration, and system testing. - Perform user acceptance testing. - Train end-users. - Deploy the system. ## Software Development Approaches | Approach | Big Budget | Strict Deadlines | Changing Requirements | Client Involvement | |---|---|---|---|---| | Agile | + | - | + | + | | Waterfall | - | + | - | - | | DevOps | - | + | + | + | | Prototype | - | - | + | + | | RAD | + | + | + | + | ## Maintenance Phase Ensure ongoing system functionality and relevance. Key activities: - Monitor system performance. - Fix bugs and address issues. - Implement system updates and enhancements. - Provide user support. ## Project Management in Systems Analysis and Design Key components: - Scope Management - Time Management - Cost Management - Quality Management - Risk Management Tools: - Gantt charts - PERT diagrams - Project Management Software Importance: - Ensures project stays on track and meets objectives. ## Tools and Techniques in Systems Analysis ### Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) Visualize data movement within a system. Characteristics: 1. Graphical Representation 2. Problem analysis 3. Abstraction 4. Hierarchy 5. Data Flow 6. Ease of understanding 7. Modularity ### Entity-Relationship Diagrams (ERD) A flowchart that shows relationships between entities (people, objects, concepts) in a system. Used for designing and debugging relational databases in software, business, education, and research. ### Unified Modeling Language (UML) Standard notation for object-oriented analysis and design. Examples: 1. Class Diagram 2. Use Case Diagram 3. Sequence Diagram 4. Activity Diagram ## Tools and Techniques in Systems Analysis ### Use Case Diagrams Visual representation of system functionality from the user's perspective, highlighting how users (actors) interact with the system. ### Activity Diagrams Visualize workflows and business processes, showcasing the sequence of activities, decision points, and flow of control within a system. ### Data Dictionaries A structured receptacle for data elements in a system. It stores descriptions of all data elements in data flow diagrams. These data elements may include processes, details and definitions of data flows, data stores and data within those data stores. ## Tools and Techniques in Systems Analysis ### Decision Trees Assist businesses with defining complex relationships and decisions in an organized diagram. It illustrates the relationship of each condition to its action, which allows analysts to consider decision sequences and identify the best one. ### Decision Tables Improves the general understanding of a complex logical relationship by providing a matrix of rows and columns for defining an issue and possible actions. ### Pseudocodes Uses structural rules of a normal programming language, but professionals use it for human interpretation instead of machine interpretation. ## Database Design in Systems Analysis 1. **Conceptual Design** - Represents the overall structure of the database, focusing on entities and their relationships. 2. **Logical Design** - Translates the conceptual design into a specific data model, specifying data types, relationships, and constraints. 3. **Physical Design** - Details the physical implementation of the database, including storage structures, indexes, and access methods. ## System Security and Controls ### Authentication Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user or system before granting access to resources. Methods: - Password-based - Biometric-based - Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) - Token-based ### Authorization The process of granting users access rights based on their identity and role within the system. Implementation: - Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) - Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) - Policy-Based Access Control ### Encryption Protecting data confidentiality. Types: - Symmetric Encryption - Asymmetric Encryption ## System Security and Controls ### Auditing Tracking system activities and changes. Features: - Log Management - Intrusion Detection - Audit Trails ### Disaster Recovery Planning for system restoration after catastrophic events. Components: - Backup Systems - Recovery Plans - Redundancy ### Compliance Adhering to relevant laws and regulations (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA). Examples of Regulations: - GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) - HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) - PCI DSS (Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard) ## Ethical Considerations in Systems Analysis and Design ### User Trust and Privacy - Ensures sensitive user data is protected. - Builds trust by preventing unauthorized access and misuse. ### Compliance with Laws and Regulations - Adheres to legal frameworks like data protection and privacy laws. - Avoids legal repercussions and upholds organizational reputation. ### Stakeholder Interests and Impact - Balances competing interests among end-users, management, and teams. - Promotes fairness, transparency, and accountability. ## Ethical Considerations in Systems Analysis and Design ### Consequences and Unintended Effects - Considers broader impacts on society, individuals, and the environment. - Mitigates risks like algorithmic biases and job displacement. ### Professional Integrity and Reputation - Upholds high ethical standards and professionalism. - Builds trust and fosters long-term relationships in the industry. ## Emerging Trends in Systems Analysis and Design ### Cloud Computing Shift towards cloud-based systems and services. Implications in Systems Analysis and Design: - Scalability - Cost Efficiency - Collaboration ### Internet of Things (IoT) Integration of physical devices with information systems. Implications in Systems Analysis and Design: - Data Integration - Automation - User Interfaces ### Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Enhancing system capabilities and decision-making. Implications in Systems Analysis and Design: - Enhanced Decision-Making - Personalization - Automation of Repetitive Tasks ## Emerging Trends in Systems Analysis and Design ### Big Data Analyzing large volumes of structured and unstructured data. Implications in Systems Analysis and Design: - Data Storage and Processing - Real-Time Analytics - Data Visualization ### Mobile-first Design Prioritizing mobile device compatibility in system development. Implications in Systems Analysis and Design: - Responsive Design - User Experience (UX) - Cross-Platform Compatibility ## Thank You!