Introduction to System Analysis and Design PDF

Topic 1: Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design by: Ts. Elmy Nahida Othman Senior Lecturer...

Topic 1: Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design by: Ts. Elmy Nahida Othman Senior Lecturer, Informatics ad Analytics Section UniKl MIIT Our Social Media More Information @unikl-miit https://www.unikl.edu.my Introduction to System Analysis and Design This course explores the principles and practices of system analysis and design. We'll cover essential concepts like requirements gathering, system modeling, and design patterns. by Ts. Elmy Nahida Othman  Topic Learning Outcomes (TLO) Explain the fundamental systems development life cycle and its four phases Describe the evolution of systems development methodologies Review the different roles played by and the skills of a systems analyst Learning Outcomes 1 1. Systems Development 2 2. Methodologies Development Life Cycle Evolution Cycle Learn how methodologies Understand the core phases have changed over time, from of the SDLC, including traditional approaches to planning, analysis, design, agile techniques. and implementation. 3 3. Systems Analyst Roles Explore the diverse responsibilities and skills of a systems analyst, a crucial role in system development.  System? Information system? what, who, when, why, where, how??  SYSTEM vs Information System  WHAT IS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT? Process of examining a business situation to improve it using better procedures and methods 2 major components: System Analysis System Design What is System Development? Collaborative Process Process Improvement Structured Approach System development involves various The aim of system development is to System development follows a structured stakeholders, such as analysts, designers, improve business processes, making them approach, typically involving phases of and developers, who work together to more efficient, effective, and streamlined. analysis, design, implementation, and achieve the desired outcome. testing. Beginning of a System Development New Design Idea Organizations may seek system development to streamline processes or enhance efficiency. Evolving Environment Changes in competition or market trends can necessitate system development. New Product Line Introducing a new product or service can require system development to support new operations. System development often begins with an identified need for improvement or a new opportunity. What is an Information System? Definition System An information system (IS) consists of hardware, software, data, A system is a set of components that interact to achieve a people, and procedures that work together to produce useful common goal. Businesses use many types of systems to manage information. All components must interact effectively to achieve a their operations, including financial systems, inventory systems, common goal. and customer relationship management systems. Tools for System Development Software Support CASE Tools Software tools assist in creating Computer-Aided Software models, diagrams, and other Engineering (CASE) tools provide components. These can range automated support for software from basic drawing programs to development tasks like design, sophisticated CASE tools. coding, and testing. Modeling Tools These tools help visualize system architecture, data flow, and user interactions, simplifying understanding and communication among developers. Some Tools Used Project Management Applications Drawing/Graphics Applications Applications These tools help manage tasks, These tools assist in creating diagrams, resources, and deadlines. They provide flowcharts, and other visual a centralized platform for representations. They aid in system collaboration and communication design and communication. among team members. Word Processing/Text Editors Computer-Aided System Engineering (CASE) Tools These tools are essential for documentation, writing specifications, These tools provide automated and generating code. They allow for support for system development, clear and organized communication of including data modeling, process system requirements. analysis, and code generation. Techniques in System Development Strategic Planning Project Management User Interviewing Data-Modeling Planning lays the groundwork Managing the development Gathering user requirements Data modeling involves for successful system process requires organizing is critical for building a representing data structures development. It involves tasks, assigning roles, system that meets their and relationships. It helps setting clear goals, defining tracking progress, and needs. User interviews define the data that will be the project scope, and ensuring deadlines are met. provide insights into their stored and processed by the allocating resources. Effective project workflows, pain points, and system. management ensures a expectations. smooth and efficient development process. Visual Representation System development often involves the use of various visual representations. These tools are crucial for effective communication and understanding. Diagrams such as data flow diagrams, entity-relationship diagrams, and use case diagrams help to visualize the system's processes, data relationships, and user interactions. These visual tools aid in understanding the system's complexity, identifying potential issues, and promoting collaboration among stakeholders. Methodology Overview Structured Approach A methodology provides a structured approach for completing every activity in the SDLC. System Request A well-thought-out system request is crucial, especially for large software projects. SDLC Stages The SDLC encompasses various stages, each with its own objectives and deliverables. System Development Methodologies Structured Approach Business Processes or Data Iterative Process A structured approach to implementing the Methodologies often leverage business Iterative methodologies break down SDLC. process or data models. development into smaller, manageable phases. Structured Design 1 1. Methodical Progression 2 2. Sequential Execution Execution Projects progress in a logical The structured approach sequence, completing one emphasizes the completion of step before moving to the each stage before starting the next. following one. 3 3. Clear Transitions This ensures a systematic and organized development process, minimizing overlaps and confusion. Structured - Waterfall Approach The waterfall approach is a structured system development methodology. It is a sequential design process, following distinct phases from requirement gathering to implementation and maintenance. The Waterfall approach is a linear model that emphasizes sequential stages and emphasizes complete documentation. Systems Development Life Cycle (Waterfall Model) Project Initiation and Planning The initial stage defines the project's scope, goals, and resources. A feasibility study assesses the project's viability. Analysis The analysis phase gathers requirements from stakeholders, analyzes existing systems, and identifies potential solutions. Design The design phase outlines the system's architecture, interfaces, and functionalities, translating requirements into technical specifications. Implementation The implementation stage involves coding, testing, and deployment of the system. Developers build the system according to the design specifications. Maintenance Maintenance ensures the system's continued operation, addressing issues, implementing changes, and providing ongoing support.