Improving Breeding Herd Efficiency (PDF)

IMPROVING BREEDING HERD EFFICIENCY AN INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE ANTONIO J. BARROGA, PhD Professor VI Central Luzon State University Member-TWG SBFAP TOPICAL OUTLINE SWINE ACCREDITATION BREEDING HERD PRODUCTIVITY...

IMPROVING BREEDING HERD EFFICIENCY AN INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE ANTONIO J. BARROGA, PhD Professor VI Central Luzon State University Member-TWG SBFAP TOPICAL OUTLINE SWINE ACCREDITATION BREEDING HERD PRODUCTIVITY NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION  Accomplishments of SBFAP 2003 - 2013 Genetic improvement Increased and sustained market Increased membership Organization of Accredited Swine Breeder Farms Association of the Philippines (ASBAP) Selection by DNA Marker Possible progenies from cross of native sow and modern breed boar Indicators of Muscle Groove Dimple Stifle / Ham Wide Base  Genetic Change in Body Conformation 1990’s, Foreign Breed ASBAP, 2009 ASBAP, 2009  Structural Correctness Good Poor Focus on angle of joints…  Frame Length and height Long bodied Tall 1990’S Foreign Breed ASBAP, 2009 Condition Scoring Guide Condition Detection of Ribs, H-bone, Pin Score Bones 5 Overfat No detection 4 Fat No detection 3.5 Rather Fat Great difficulty in detection 3 Ideal Barely felt with firm pressure 2.5 Slightly Thin Easily detected, some cover 2 Thin Easily detected, little cover 1 Emaciated Obvious, no cover Sows Gilts Targets Farrowing 2.5 - 3.0 3.0 - 3.5 Breeding 2.5 - 3.0 3.0 Body Condition Conditio Body Shape Score n 1 Emaciated Hips, backbone prominent to the eye 2 Thin Hips, backbone easily felt without applying palm pressure 3 Ideal Hips, backbone felt only with firm palm pressure 4 Fat Hips, backbone cannot be felt 5 Overfat Hips, backbone heavily covered  INCREASING HERD PRODUCTIVITY There are more gilts bred and farrowed than any other parity, therefore if gilt litter size and farrowing rate are low, her productivity will be reduced  Average number of farrowing index is 2.25, top 10% 2.4 and 2.1 for the bottom 10% of any herd.The % gilt litters in these herds can be calculated as The breeding record below will give you the number of gilts farrowing to be 21% of all litters with a range of 12-33%  Parity distribution can significantly influence herd productivity A target parity distribution for an average herd should be  There is now convincing evidence that induction of early puberty will be more fertile and have longer lifetime productivity than late responders  Selection is limited to growth rate and conformation, and less to fertiliy  The average weight of the slowest (0.66 kg/d) and fastest (1.13 kg/d ) at second estrus will be 104 and 143 kg, respectively. 11-14 Typical response curves to boar exposure. Gilts 140-145 days, 95-105 kg. Mature, high libido vasectomized boar, twice daily at least 15 minuters per exposure.  >145 day old gilt >14 mm P2 Backfat Can be fed ad libitum a gilt developer diet with nutrient specs below The premix in this diet should be similar to that used for grower pigs of 25-50 kg and should ensure a higher intake of calcium, phosphorus,copper, iron, zinc, selenium, folic acid, biotin, choline, pyridoxine and riboflavin When to breed ? No thumb rule on the appropriate age, weight or backfat at first breeding. Under good feeding management there is no significant difference in longetivity  Data from 2357 records of line X sows supports the view that earlier breeding does not reduce longetivity or productivity in well managed herds  Farrowing Rate is not a good predictor of herd fertility in herds in which culling rate through death, illness or lameness is high; Adjusted FR can be used to correct for number of involuntary culls; Adjusted FR = No. of farrowed /No. of bred – No. of non fertility culls  60 % of Estrus is reached between 4 pm and 6 am. Assume they have been in heat for 10 hours when detected in heat in a morning check. For sows detected in heat AM, use PM, AM service routine, for sows detected PM, use AM, AM routine. Consider skip- a-heat on sows returning estrus on day 7 or later. Barroga and Victoria. 1990. CLSU Undergraduate Thesis. BSA. Unpublished Production Targets for the Modern Sow BOAR AUCTION Thank You