Test 3 Study Guide - Listening, Speaking, Viewing/Visually Representing 2022 PDF

Test 3 Study Guide -- Fall 2022 =============================== **Listening, Speaking, Viewing/Visually Representing\ ***Note: Much of the test will be constructed response (i.e., essay-type responses)\ *The test will be taken on MyMaranatha so please bring your laptops or other devices. Listening...

Test 3 Study Guide -- Fall 2022 =============================== **Listening, Speaking, Viewing/Visually Representing\ ***Note: Much of the test will be constructed response (i.e., essay-type responses)\ *The test will be taken on MyMaranatha so please bring your laptops or other devices. Listening --------- Importance of listening - Listening is the language art we use the most (half of our communication time) - Average K-12 student is expected to listen 65-80 percent of the school day Purposes for listening - To understand the message - Words are transformed into thought and understanding - Vary how you listen according to your purpose - Discriminative: phonemic awareness - Comprehensive: way to gain knowledge - Aesthetic: music, talking with a friend, etc. - Critical: listening to make a judgement Listening process - Receiving (hearing/receiving aural stimuli) - Attending (focus or ignore/pay attention) - Understanding (comprehend/doesn't mean you respond) Relationship to reading How can teachers teach listening skills - Model (do I listen to my students?) - Look at speaker - Smile - Nod - Arms uncrossed - Hands still - Being quiet - Build or activate background knowledge - Set a clear purpose - Use pictures, word cards, or objects - Use listening centers to build listening stamina - Read info books aloud - Teach mini-lessons Speaking -------- Establishing Classroom Climate (Slide 17 in notes) - Talking Chips (popsicle thing we did in class) - Call each other by name - Maintain eye contact - Take turns - Piggyback on classmates\' ideas - Respond respectfully to differing viewpoints Explain the idea of managing risk levels - Encourage students to take a risk in speaking - Show and Tell, puppets, share a story/poem, dialogue improv, readers theater, book talks, etc. Grand v. Thematic Discussions - Stories - Interesting parts - Connections - What puzzles them - Main theme - Authors craft - Informal text - Deppen students content-area knowledge - Develop academic language proficiency - Learn to provide support for ideas they present - Make inferences Keys for Good Classroom Conversations\--list & explain (Slide 22 in notes) - Set the Stage: Seating arrangement (Circles & U-shape recommended) - Pair-Share: Comfort-level (build confidence level); time to process question/idea; get more voices in the mix; at the end to make sense of the conversation - Use discussion protocols and language frames: e.g., Save the last word for me or Four As: What do you agree with, what assumptions does the author make, what do you want to argue with in the text, what parts of the text do you aspire to? - Use Texts: Provides common ground for the conversation The Basics of Good Speaking\--list & explain (Slide 26 in notes) - **Poise** -- Appear calm & confident. - **Voice** -- Make every word heard. - **Eye Contact** -- Visually engage each listener. - **Gestures** -- Make motions match your words. - **Speed** -- Adjust your pace for a powerful performance. Viewing/Visually Representing (Textbook + notes from PowerPoint) Why is viewing important? - Most people are visual learners - Images accelerate understanding - Images are easy to remember and allow us to store huge volumes of information in our memories - Images engage our emotions / they make us want to express and respond How can viewing alone be dangerous? - You may not have the whole story - The same image can be interpreted differently by different people - The interpretation may not be correct - You can be tricked easily Multiple ways to visually represent (textbook) - Digital text - Visual arts - Music - Dance - Drama Benefits of drama - Increases academic achievement - Increases ELL's verbal skills - Increases minority students reading comprehension and self-concept - Increases students ability to show empathy - Increases social skills (teamwork, compromise, appreciating others' opionions) - Increases aesthetic development