Study Guide - Intro to Diversity and Metamonada.docx

Origins of Eukarya 1. **Know the three domains** a. Eubacteria, archaea and eukarya b. Archaea and eukarya are closer together 2. **Know the major steps in the origin of the eukaryotic cell** c. Incorporation, gene transfer, formation of nucleus d. Include the following:...

Origins of Eukarya 1. **Know the three domains** a. Eubacteria, archaea and eukarya b. Archaea and eukarya are closer together 2. **Know the major steps in the origin of the eukaryotic cell** c. Incorporation, gene transfer, formation of nucleus d. Include the following: i. How the mitochondria were incorporated ii. Why the nucleus was formed 3. **The incorporation of plastids such as chloroplasts.** e. Secondary and tertiary incorporations 4. **Terms** f. Symbiosis g. Mitochondria h. Nucleus i. Splicosomes j. Plastid 5. **Memorize the phylogeny of Eukarya (pdf is on Moodle site).** Excavata 6. **Where the name came from** k. Excavate, they have a cavity, pocket or cavity 7. **Discoba** l. Disc-like plastids 8. **Metamonada: Phylum Diplomonada** m. What happened to mitochondria? iii. They have been lost iv. Hydrogenesome -- Produce ATP and Hydrogen v. Mitosomes -- feS products n. Four features of Phylum Diplomonada vi. Reduced mitochondria vii. Pair of karyomastigont systems viii. Usually 8 flagella ix. Plasma membrane supported by microtubules associated with the flagella o. Structure x. 3 microtubular roots xi. Karyomastigont 1. 4 basal bodies and a nucleus p. Locomotion xii. Internal portion of flagella -- for structure xiii. Outside portion are for locomotion xiv. Supranuclear fiber -- flagella that are posterior to nucleus xv. Subnuclear fiber -- flagella that are below nucleus (ventral flagella) q. Types of feeding xvi. What they feed on xvii. Where phagocytosis occurs r. Reproduction xviii. Asexual Reproduction s. *Giardia* xix. *Giardiasis -- intestinal pain, diarrhea, dehydration* xx. *Cyst -- Dormant stage* xxi. *Trophozoite -- feeding and replication stage* xxii. *Reproduce by binary fission* 9. **Metamonada: Phylum Parabasilida** t. Six features that define this phylum xxiii. All symbionts xxiv. Structure plasma membrane supported by fibers xxv. One to hundreds of flagella xxvi. Set of unique fibers associated with the basal bodies xxvii. Mitochondria reduced to hydrogenosomes xxviii. One nucleus u. Two groups of Parabasilids and where they are found xxix. Trichomonids xxx. Vertebrate xxxi. Symbionts v. Hypermastigotes xxxii. Invertebrate xxxiii. Symbionts xxxiv. Termites and roaches xxxv. NO Costa 10. **Four fiber types that make up the cytoskeleton. Know where they are in a typical Parabasilid.** w. Pelta xxxvi. Wraps around, microtubules x. Parabasal Fiber xxxvii. Microtubules, and Golgi apparatus y. Atractophore xxxviii. Microtubules, involved in mitosis z. Axostyle xxxix. Sheet of microtubules a. Costa xl. Only found in the Trichomonids, supports undulating membrane 11. **Feeding: where it occurs in each group and what each group feeds on** b. Trichomonads xli. Bacteria xlii. Sometimes feed on host cells xliii. Use phagocytosis c. Hypermastigotes xliv. Wood fibers xlv. Symbiotic bacteria help with digestion 12. **Locomotion:** d. Trichomonads xlvi. Flagella xlvii. Undulating membrane xlviii. Hundreds of flagella e. Hypermastigotes xlix. Hundreds of Flagella l. Coordinated 13. **Reproduction** f. Trichomonads li. Binary Fission g. Hypermastigotes lii. Binary fission or sexual reproduction 14. **Terms** h. Axoneme i. Kinetosome j. Karymastigont system k. Flagella l. Supranuclear fiber m. Subnuclear fiber n. Parabasal Fiber o. Atractophore p. Pelta q. Axostyle r. Phagocytosis s. Cytostome 15. **Questions to consider** t. Compare and contrast the structure of a typical Diplomonad and Parabasilid. u. If a chloroplast has three membranes, what do we know about its origin? v. What were the fates of the mitochondria in Diplomonada and Parabasilida?