Study Guide - Fall Semester Exam Negron 2024-25 PDF

Study Guide Fall Semester Exam Negron 2024-25 I. Intro to Health Week -Health: a combination of physical, mental, and social well-being. -Wellness: an overall state of well-being involving regular behaviors that have a positive result over...

Study Guide Fall Semester Exam Negron 2024-25 I. Intro to Health Week -Health: a combination of physical, mental, and social well-being. -Wellness: an overall state of well-being involving regular behaviors that have a positive result over time. -Values: beliefs that guide the way a person lives. -The 3 main pillars of health are: mental/emotional health, physical health, and social health -Physical Health: how well your body functions -Mental/Emotional Health: feelings about yourself and how well you meet daily challenges and demands -Social Health: is the way you get along with others. It involves communicating, cooperating, and showing respect for yourself and others and how you maintain healthy relationships. Factors that influence our health: Environment and Hereditary Traits: -Environment: all the living and non-living things that surround you. -Hereditary traits: traits that are passed on to children by biological parents. -Other factors outside of our own choices that affect our health: social factors, beliefs / customs, religion, culture. -Prevention: taking steps to make sure something unhealthy doesn’t happen -Self-esteem: The confidence and pride you have in yourself -Self-concept: The view that you have of yourself II. Tennis The four major tennis tournaments (grand slam) include: French Open (clay court) Wimbledon (lawn court) US Open (hard court) Australian Open (hard court) Tennis is a sport that people usually play individually against a single opponent (singles), or between two teams of two players each (doubles.) Each player uses a racquet that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent's court. The object of the game is to play the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a good return. Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages. The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racquet, including wheelchair users. The modern game of tennis originated in Birmingham, England, in the late 19th century as "lawn tennis." SERVE When serving, you must hit the ball diagonal into the receiver’s side service box. If the ball does not land in the opposite service box it is considered a fault. When serving if player faults twice, a point is awarded to the other player (called a double fault). During a serve, the player receiving the ball must let the ball bounce once before returning it. When serving your feet must be behind the baseline (If they touch baseline, it is considered a fault). ACE – is a legal serve that is not returned by opponent (The person who served the ball would receive a point) Keeping Score No points=Love 1 point =15 2 points = 30 3 points = 40 4 points = game Game tied @ 40=Deuce The next point after a deuce = Advantage (server’s score is always announced first) Must win by 2 points The ball is only allowed to bounce once on your side. (If ball bounces twice on your side, a point is awarded to the other player. Vocabulary: Backhand – balls hit to non-racket side of a player (i.e. left side of right handed player). Double Fault – Failure at both service attempts, thus receiver’s point. Face - The hitting surface of the racket. Forehand – Balls hit to racket side of player (i.e. right side of right-handed player). Grip – The racket handle. Love - No score…zero. Rally - When two players (or teams) exchange a series of shots and continue to hit the ball back and forth in play. Volley – Hitting shot on fly, before it hits the ground. Parts of the Racquet Tennis Court Diagram – Please know names of lines, NO need to know dimensions.. Nutrition Week III -Nutrition: process by which the body takes in and uses food -Hunger: Unlearned natural drive that protects you from starvation -Choosemyplate.gov = The USDA’s (United States Department of Agriculture) campaign dedicated to promoting proper nutrition guidelines. - 5 food groups: -Grains – Whole grains and Refined grains. At least half of grains one eats should be whole grains. Healthier and less processed. Refined grains are processed and less nutritious. -Vegetable – May be eaten fresh (nutrition), frozen, or canned. Try to eat a variety of dark green, red and orange vegetables, as well as beans and peas. -Fruit – also may be eaten fresh (most nutrition), frozen, or canned. -Dairy – All milk and calcium-containing milk products count in this category. Most choices should be fat-free or low-fat milk and milk products. Examples include milk, cheeses, and yogurt, as well as lactose-free and soy beverages. -Protein - Try to choose a variety of lean meats and poultry, seafood, beans and peas, eggs, and processed soy products. Try to eat at least 8 oz. of seafood each week. -6 Types of Nutrients: -Carbohydrates (4 calories) – starches and sugars that provide energy. There are simple and complex carbs. Simple are mainly refined sugars with few essential vitamins and minerals which are broken down easier and give energy quicker to body (ex. fruits, milk, vegetables, “sweets”). Complex carbs take longer to digest and are usually packed with fiber, vitamins and minerals (i.e. breads, rice, pasta, statchy vegetables). These take longer to digest but give longer sustained energy. -Proteins (4 calories) – used to repair body cells and tissues. Complete proteins are animal based (meat, dairy, eggs), while incomplete proteins are plant based (beans, nuts, grains). -Fats (9 calories) – supply energy, keep skin healthy, transport certain vitamins throughout the body. Attempt to eat unsaturated fats (liquid at room temp / plant sources), over saturated fats (solid at room temp / fats in meats, butter, poultry, dairy products). -Vitamins – substances that help regulate the body’s functions (helps produce energy, fight infections)  -Minerals – nutrients that strengthen bones and teeth. Help keep blood healthy and organs working properly. Examples: calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, sodium. -Water – Helps with digestion, carries nutrients throughout body, removes waste, and helps regulate body temp. IV. Basketball History Game was created by Dr. James Naismith in Springfield, Massachusetts. He was an athletic director at a YMCA. The game was created as an indoor game to keep his soccer team in shape (game with high cardiovascular component) over the winter months when it was cold and snowing outside. A peach basket was nailed to the gym wall and a soccer ball was used as a basketball. Today the sport is played world-wide. Game Play Game starts with a tip-off There are 5 players from a team on the court at any given time. o Positions ▪ Guards (2) Point guard: responsible for dribbling the ball down toward the basket; best dribbler; playmaker Shooting guard: assists the point in bringing the ball down towards the basket; moves well without the ball; one of best shooters on the team Are usually shortest players on the team Best ball handlers / dribblers on the team ▪ Forwards (2) Small Forward: Shorter of the two forwards; helps the guards when dribbling the ball towards the basket Power Forward: Taller of the two, helps the center around the basket to get rebounds and block shots. Usually taller than the guards but shorter than the center Dynamic players: can help guards up top and still go in close to the basket to box out centers. ▪ Center (1) Tallest player on the team Main objective is to block shots and get rebounds  If center gets the ball on offense near the basket, he/she usually have a good chance at a high percentage shot, layup or dunk. Scoring o Shot made from free throw line = 1 point o Regular basket inside the 3-point line = 2 points o Shot made from behind the 3-point line arch = 3 points Fouls / Violations o Foul = Any slapping, pushing, or malicious contact o Traveling = if player takes more than two steps with the ball without dribbling o Double dribble = when a player dribbles, then picks up their dribble with both hands, and dribbles again. o Carry = while dribbling, when a player puts his/her hand underneath the ball when making contact with the ball. Skills o Dribbling ▪ Dribble at waist level ▪ Bend knees and try to keep vision up for court awareness ▪ Never dribble directly in-front of you if there is a defensive player near; you want to dribble to your side to protect the ball from being stolen ▪ Use the pads of your fingers to dribble, not your palm o Shooting ▪ BEEF acronym B = balance: you want to hold the ball by shoulder with your dominant hand as if holding a tray like a waiter/waitress. Use other hand to stabilize ball by holding it on the side. E = eyes: when about to shoot hold ball high enough so you can see the rim still; visualize the shot before shooting. E = elbow: elbow of shooting arm should be above the toe of your shooting side foot. In other words make sure you stagger your feet slightly and put your shooting side forward a bit. F = follow through: shoot ball and make sure to follow through with shooting hand to give ball some back spin on after release. o Passing ▪ Chest Pass = pass that goes from chest to chest. Hold the ball on the outside portions of the ball, and from a standing position step forward into the pass. Push the ball away from your body and snap wrist so your palms are facing outward after releasing the ball. ▪ Bounce Pass = Same set up and motion as with a chest past, however the ball will bounce 2/3 of the way between the passer and the teammate receiving the ball. The person receiving the ball should receive the pass at about waist level. ▪ Overhead Pass = Pass done by holding the ball on both sides of the ball, and bringing the ball back behind one’s head, and then extending your arms outward at approx a 45 degree angle while stepping into the pass.  When extending your arms to make the pass, snap your wrists forward as well to give extra power behind the pass. This pass can be used to get a ball over a defender, or used frequently immediately after grabbing a rebound. Basketball Court ***DO NOT need to know court dimensions*** Additional Terms: -Assist: is awarded to a player when he/she passes the ball to a teammate who scores -Boxing out: when players “battle” underneath the basket using their lower body to establish their position for a rebound. -Rebound: when a player catches a missed field goal attempt -Screen/pick: when an offensive player blocks the path of a defensive player to help a teammate get open. -Pivot Foot: when you pick up your dribble, and establish a pivot foot to rotate on it. If you pick up this foot while still in position of the ball, you will be called for a travel penalty. V. Mental Health Stigma = when someone thinks of you negatively because of a certain characteristic or circumstance In a lifetime, 1 in 5 people are diagnosed with a mental health disorder Two of the most common forms of mental disorders are anxiety and depression. Anxiety = Intense, excessive, and persistent worry and fear about everyday situations Depression = A mental health disorder characterized by persistently depressed mood or loss of interest in activities, causing significant impairment in daily life. Mental health disorders are not a weakness. Just like an injured leg has no stigma, the same should go for mental health, it is just an illness of the mind. If a friend has talked about suicide, do not dismiss. Listen, validate, and get help. Share it with a trusted adult. There are many ways to boost one’s mental health, including having a positive outlook on life.