2nd Quarter Music and Arts Past Paper PDF

 2nd Quarter Music and Arts Conventional Traditional or Local Folk Music and Arts (Pre-war) Common to the Philippines and Southeast Asia UNIT I: PERFORMING ARTS This module provides an in-depth exploration of traditional v...

 2nd Quarter Music and Arts Conventional Traditional or Local Folk Music and Arts (Pre-war) Common to the Philippines and Southeast Asia UNIT I: PERFORMING ARTS This module provides an in-depth exploration of traditional vocal and instrumental music in the Philippines and Southeast Asia, focusing on the art forms that were widely practiced before colonization and war. The aim is to appreciate the cultural heritage expressed through music, both vocal and instrumental, and to understand their roles in social, religious, and everyday life. Students will explore how these forms have preserved cultural identities and transmitted values across generations. Objectives By the end of this module, students will be able to: 1. Identify key traditional vocal and instrumental music forms from the Philippines and Southeast Asia. 2. Explain the cultural significance and social functions of traditional music in these regions. 3. Analyze how these musical traditions have preserved and transmitted cultural values over time. 4. Perform or create music pieces inspired by traditional vocal and instrumental styles. Lesson 1: Traditional Vocal Music in the Philippines Overview Vocal music in the Philippines, deeply rooted in indigenous practices, is diverse and reflects the country’s multicultural heritage. Folk songs are passed down through oral tradition and are associated with daily activities, rituals, celebrations, and emotional expression. 1. Harana - A traditional serenade in which a suitor sings romantic songs to express his affection. It is typically performed at night, accompanied by the guitar. - Themes: Love, courtship, and admiration. Harana - DUNGUG KINARAY-A INC. Barcebal M. M., Barcebal R. E., Barretto K., Copertino M., Juada F. M., Tonding R. Valencia S. 1|Page 2. Kundiman - A classical Filipino love song with slow, smooth melodies, symbolizing both romantic and patriotic devotion. - Themes: Love, nationalism, and longing. https://images.app.goo.gl/mUCBNaaA8CjE4fSx7 3. Salidummay (Cordillera Folk Song) - A communal folk song performed by various ethnic groups in the Cordillera region, often sung during gatherings and work. - Themes: Work, community life, and cultural identity. https://easy-peasy.ai/ai-images 4. Oyayi (Lullabies) - Songs sung by mothers to soothe babies to sleep, often carrying messages of love, protection, and nurturing. - Themes: Family, love, and comfort. https://easy-peasy.ai/ai-images Activity: - Listening Exercise: Play audio clips of Harana, Kundiman, and Oyayi. Ask students to identify the different characteristics of each form and reflect on how they represent Filipino values. - Group Discussion: Discuss how traditional Filipino vocal music functions in everyday life and how it reflects the values of the people. Assessment Multiple Choice Question 1. What is the primary theme of Harana? a) Friendship b) Courtship c) Celebration d) Mourning 2. Which vocal form is characterized by expressing deep emotional sentiments? a) Salidummay b) Oyayi c) Kundiman d) Harana 3. What is the main instrument typically used to accompany Harana? a) Piano b) Guitar c) Kulintang d) Drum Barcebal M. M., Barcebal R. E., Barretto K., Copertino M., Juada F. M., Tonding R. Valencia S. 2|Page 4. Salidummay is predominantly performed in which part of the Philippines? a) Luzon b) Visayas c) Mindanao d) All of the above 5. What type of song is Oyayi? a) Celebration song b) Lullaby c) Work song d) Dance song Enumeration Questions 6. List three emotions commonly expressed in Kundiman. 7. Enumerate two common settings where Harana is performed. 8. Name three characteristics of Salidummay. 9. Identify two purposes of Oyayi in Filipino culture. Identification Questions 10. Identify the vocal music form known for romantic themes often sung to woo a lover. 11. What is the name of the traditional song that expresses the struggles and joys of love, often performed in a heartfelt manner? 12. Name the vocal genre that involves storytelling and is often sung during gatherings in rural areas. 13. Identify the type of song typically associated with soothing children to sleep. 14. What is the term for a traditional courtship serenade in the Philippines? 15. What musical form is commonly used to convey cultural heritage and values among Filipino families? Lesson 2: Traditional Vocal Music in Southeast Asia Overview Southeast Asia has a rich tradition of vocal music, with each country and ethnic group contributing to a diverse musical landscape. These songs are often linked to religious practices, storytelling, festivals, and everyday activities. 1. Tembang Sunda (Indonesia) - A vocal music form from the Sundanese people, characterized by its poetic lyrics and flowing melodies, often accompanied by traditional instruments. - Themes: Nature, spirituality, and romance. https://tinyurl.com/34ahrjj9 Barcebal M. M., Barcebal R. E., Barretto K., Copertino M., Juada F. M., Tonding R. Valencia S. 3|Page 2. Dikir Barat (Malaysia) - A group singing performance where a lead singer calls out verses and the chorus responds. It is performed at festivals, often with humorous or social commentary. - Themes: Cooperation, humor, social and cultural issues. https://web.upm.edu.my/news/2014/dikir_barat_passion_of_art-17495 3. Luk Thung (Thailand) - Thai folk songs associated with rural life and the struggles of the common people, often dealing with themes of love, hardship, and social change. Themes: Love, rural life, hardship. https://tinyurl.com/5k7z9tv2 4. Apsara Songs (Cambodia) - Accompanies the Apsara dance, representing classical Khmer culture, often recounting stories from Hindu and Buddhist mythology. - Themes: Religion, mythology, and divine beauty. https://tinyurl.com/39kn7cs9 Activity: - Research and Reflection: Students research a Southeast Asian vocal tradition, such as Tembang Sunda or Luk Thung, and present its cultural significance to the class. - Creative Writing: Compose short lyrics that reflect the themes of a Southeast Asian folk song. Students can write about nature, love, or community life. Assessment Multiple Choice Questions: 1. What is the primary function of Tembang Sunda in Sundanese culture? a) Entertainment b) Spiritual guidance c) Communication d) Education 2. Which of the following describes Dikir Barat? a) A solo performance c) A traditional dance b) A group performance with rhythmic clapping d) A type of opera 3. Luk Thung is primarily associated with which country? a) Indonesia b) Thailand c) Malaysia d) Philippines 4. What themes are commonly found in Aspara Songs? a) Historical events b) Love and relationships c) Nature d) All of the above Barcebal M. M., Barcebal R. E., Barretto K., Copertino M., Juada F. M., Tonding R. Valencia S. 4|Page 5. Which instrument is often used to accompany Tembang Sunda? a) Gamelan b) Guitar c) Angklung d) Khene Enumeration Questions: 6. List three characteristics of Dikir Barat. 7. Enumerate two popular instruments used in Luk Thung performances. 8. Name three themes commonly explored in Tembang Sunda. 9. Identify two functions of Aspara Songs in cultural celebrations. Answer: To entertain, to convey moral lessons. Identification Questions: 10. Identify the vocal music form known for its emotional storytelling and agricultural themes in Thailand. 11. What is the name of the traditional performance characterized by a group of singers and rhythmic clapping in Malaysia? 12. Name the Sundanese poetic song form that is often performed in a slow and melodic style. 13. Identify the genre that often combines music and dance, typically performed at festivals and ceremonies in Indonesia. 14. What traditional musical style is associated with the rural life and struggles of Thai farmers? 15. What is the primary purpose of Dikir Barat in community gatherings? Lesson 4: Traditional Instrumental Music in Southeast Asia Overview Southeast Asia is known for its ensemble-based instrumental music, often used in religious and royal ceremonies. These ensembles include a wide variety of percussion and wind instruments. 1. Gamelan (Indonesia) - A traditional ensemble consisting of metallophones, xylophones, drums, and gongs. Gamelan music is often played in religious ceremonies, puppet theater, and royal events. - Cultural Role: Ceremonial music, royal court music, and religious rituals. https://tinyurl.com/4z55bd5x Barcebal M. M., Barcebal R. E., Barretto K., Copertino M., Juada F. M., Tonding R. Valencia S. 5|Page 2. Pinpeat (Cambodia) - A classical music ensemble used in religious ceremonies and at the royal court, consisting of wind instruments, drums, and gongs. - Cultural Role: Accompanying religious rites and dances. https://tinyurl.com/3v6x93ma 3. Kaen (Laos and Thailand) - A bamboo mouth organ with multiple pipes, used in traditional Laotian and northeastern Thai music. The instrument is often played in rural festivals and celebrations. - Cultural Role: Social gatherings and festivals. https://tinyurl.com/3h62huf8 4. Angklung (Indonesia and Malaysia) - A bamboo musical instrument that produces sound by shaking. It is played in ensembles and is a symbol of communal harmony. - Cultural Role: Performances at communal events, schools, and festivals. https://tinyurl.com/38352auv Activity: - Class Discussion: Compare the Gamelan ensemble with the Kulintang. What similarities and differences do they share in terms of instruments, function, and cultural significance? - Performance: Learn and perform a simple rhythm using makeshift Gamelan or Kulintang instruments (such as cups, sticks, or bells). Assessment Multiple Choice Questions: 1. Which traditional ensemble is known for its use of metallophones, xylophones, and gongs? A) Pinpeat B) Gamelan C) Kaen D) Angklung 2. What is a primary cultural role of Gamelan music? A) Recreational music C) Dance music B) Ceremonial music D) Background music Barcebal M. M., Barcebal R. E., Barretto K., Copertino M., Juada F. M., Tonding R. Valencia S. 6|Page 3. Which instrument is primarily associated with the Pinpeat ensemble? A) Saron B) Roneat C) Kendang D) Angklung 4. What type of music is the Kaen used for? A) Classical B) Folk C) Religious D) Military 5. The Angklung is primarily made from which material? A) Metal B) Wood C) Plastic D) Bamboo Enumeration Questions: 6. Name three instruments commonly found in a Gamelan ensemble. 7. List two cultural events where Pinpeat music is often performed. 8. Enumerate two social functions of the Kaen. 9. Name two types of music performed with the Angklung. 10. List three instruments typically included in a Pinpeat ensemble. Identification Questions 11. Identify the traditional ensemble associated with Indonesian royal court music. 12. Identify the bamboo instrument played by shaking. 13. What is the cultural significance of the Kaen in Laotian culture? 14. Identify the primary role of Pinpeat music in Cambodian culture. 15. What type of music is characterized by the use of wind instruments, drums, and gongs in Cambodia? Lesson 5: Traditional Puppetry in Southeast Asia and the Philippines Objectives By the end of this module, students will be able to: 1. Identify and describe traditional theater forms, specifically puppetry and festivals in the Philippines and Southeast Asia. 2. Discuss the cultural significance and the role of traditional theater and dance in preserving cultural heritage. 3. Recognize and describe traditional dance forms associated with festivals and rituals in the Philippines and Southeast Asia. 4. Analyze how these performing arts forms serve as reflections of the social, political, and spiritual life of the communities that practice them. 5. Perform or create short pieces inspired by traditional theater and dance forms. Overview Puppetry is one of the oldest forms of theater in Southeast Asia, serving as a tool for storytelling, religious expression, and social commentary. Each country in the region has developed its own distinct puppetry tradition, often tied to local myths, legends, and spiritual beliefs. Barcebal M. M., Barcebal R. E., Barretto K., Copertino M., Juada F. M., Tonding R. Valencia S. 7|Page  1. Wayang Kulit (Indonesia) - A traditional form of shadow puppetry, originating in Java and Bali. The puppets are intricately designed and the performances are based on stories from Hindu epics such as the Ramayana and Mahabharata. - Themes: Good vs. evil, religious devotion, and moral lessons. https://tinyurl.com/2y6zwpn6 2. Nang Yai (Thailand) - Similar to Wayang Kulit, Nang Yai is a shadow puppet tradition in Thailand that uses large leather puppets to depict epic tales and historical stories. - Themes: Religion, mythology, and royal history. https://tinyurl.com/38ctw4re 3. Teatro Porvenir (Philippines) - An early Filipino theater group known for staging nationalistic plays during the Spanish colonial period. Although it was not focused on puppetry, it is notable for its contributions to early Filipino theater. - Themes: Nationalism, resistance, and cultural pride. https://tinyurl.com/y74hpwdn Activity: - Puppetry Demonstration: Watch a video or live demonstration of Wayang Kulit or Nang Yai. Students can observe how puppeteers manipulate the puppets to tell stories. - Puppet Crafting: Create simple shadow puppets using cardboard and sticks. Students will form small groups and create a short performance using their puppets to retell a local myth or legend. Barcebal M. M., Barcebal R. E., Barretto K., Copertino M., Juada F. M., Tonding R. Valencia S. 8|Page Assessment Multiple Choice Questions: 1. Which traditional form of puppetry originates from Java and Bali, Indonesia? A) Nang Yai B) Wayang Kulit C) Teatro Porvenir D) Bunraku 2. What are the primary themes explored in Wayang Kulit performances? A) Love and romance C) Adventure and exploration B) Good vs. evil D) Comedy and satire 3. Which type of puppetry uses large leather puppets in its performances? A) Teatro Porvenir B) Wayang Kulit C) Nang Yai D) Kabuki 4. Teatro Porvenir is known for staging plays that focused on which theme? A) Historical fiction B) Nationalism C) Comedy D) Folklore 5. What is the primary cultural significance of Nang Yai in Thailand? A) Political commentary C) Child entertainment B) Depicting royal history D) Religious instruction Enumeration Questions: 6. Name three themes commonly found in Nang Yai performances. 7. List two major Hindu epics that inspire Wayang Kulit stories. 8. Enumerate two important aspects of Teatro Porvenir's contributions to Filipino culture. 9. Name two types of puppets used in Wayang Kulit. 10. List three characteristics of Wayang Kulit performances. Identification Questions: 11. Identify the traditional puppet theater form that depicts stories from Hindu epics in Indonesia. 12. What is the name of the early Filipino theater group known for its nationalistic plays? 13. Identify the puppet tradition in Thailand that shares similarities with Wayang Kulit. 14. What moral themes are commonly explored in Wayang Kulit performances? 15. Identify the type of puppetry that is significant in both religious and royal narratives in Southeast Asia. Barcebal M. M., Barcebal R. E., Barretto K., Copertino M., Juada F. M., Tonding R. Valencia S. 9|Page  Lesson 6: Traditional Festivals and Theater Performances Overview Festivals in Southeast Asia and the Philippines are often linked to agricultural cycles, religious events, and historical celebrations. These festivals are rich with theatrical performances, parades, and dances that reflect the local traditions, beliefs, and community spirit. 1. Ati-Atihan Festival (Philippines) - A week-long festival in Kalibo, Aklan, that celebrates the Santo Niño (Holy Child). Participants dress in indigenous warrior costumes and paint their faces black, dancing to the rhythm of drums. - Cultural Role: Celebrates indigenous heritage, Catholicism, and local history. https://tinyurl.com/2p9np75c 2. Ramayana Performances (Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia) - The Ramayana, an epic Hindu tale, is often performed during religious festivals across Southeast Asia. In Cambodia and Thailand, the story is adapted into large-scale theater productions with elaborate costumes and choreography. - Cultural Role: Preservation of Hindu and Buddhist cultural heritage, religious devotion. https://tinyurl.com/59n5wh4d 3. Pahiyas Festival (Philippines) - A colorful harvest festival in Lucban, Quezon, where houses are decorated with rice, fruits, and vegetables to honor San Isidro Labrador, the patron saint of farmers. - Cultural Role: Gratitude for a bountiful harvest, community solidarity. https://tinyurl.com/2p9tfbnx Barcebal M. M., Barcebal R. E., Barretto K., Copertino M., Juada F. M., Tonding R. Valencia S. 10 | P a g e Activity: Research and Presentation: Students will research a traditional festival from the Philippines or Southeast Asia, focusing on the theater performances or rituals involved. Each group will present their findings through images, videos, or role-playing. - Festival Simulation: Create a classroom simulation of a festival. Students will role-play different characters from a traditional festival, such as dancers, actors, or musicians, and recreate a small- scale parade or performance. Assessment: Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following festivals is celebrated to honor the Santo Niño (Holy Child)? a) Pahiyas Festival b) Sinulog Festival c) Ati-Atihan Festival d) Kadayawan Festival 2. What is the primary cultural role of the Ramayana performances in Southeast Asia? a) Promoting local food traditions c) Preservation of Hindu and Buddhist cultural heritage b) Celebrating indigenous heritage d) Showcasing contemporary theater techniques 3. In which town is the Pahiyas Festival celebrated? a) Lucban, Quezon b) Kalibo, Aklan c) Cebu City d) Davao City 4. Ati-Atihan participants dress up as indigenous warriors and paint their faces black. What does this symbolize? a) Unity with the environment c) Celebration of indigenous heritage b) Tribute to African ancestors d) Protection from evil spirits 5. Which of the following items is used to decorate houses during the Pahiyas Festival? a) Flowers b) Rice, fruits, and vegetables c) Painted murals d) Lanterns Enumeration Questions 6. Enumerate two countries where Ramayana performances are adapted into large-scale theater productions. 7. List three items commonly used to decorate houses during the Pahiyas Festival. 8. Identify two cultural roles of the Ati-Atihan Festival. 9. Give two ways the Ramayana story is preserved through performances in Southeast Asia. 10. List two religious or cultural aspects celebrated in the Pahiyas Festival. Identification Questions 11. Identify the week-long festival in Kalibo, Aklan, that celebrates the Santo Niño. 12. Name the festival in Lucban, Quezon, that celebrates the patron saint of farmers. 13. What is the name of the epic Hindu tale often performed during religious festivals in Southeast Asia? 14. Which Philippine festival involves participants dressing in warrior costumes and dancing to drumbeats? 15. What does the Pahiyas Festival primarily express gratitude for? Barcebal M. M., Barcebal R. E., Barretto K., Copertino M., Juada F. M., Tonding R. Valencia S. 11 | P a g e  Lesson 7: Traditional Dance in the Philippines Overview Traditional dance in the Philippines is diverse and deeply rooted in the indigenous culture of different regions. Many dances are performed during festivals, rituals, and social events, each carrying its unique style and symbolism. 1. Tinikling - A traditional dance from the Visayas region, where dancers skillfully step in and out of bamboo poles clapped together to the rhythm of music. It mimics the movements of the tikling bird. - Cultural Role: Community celebrations, social gatherings, and entertainment. https://tinyurl.com/2xzvp478 2. Pangalay (Mindanao) - A dance from the Tausug people of Sulu, characterized by graceful arm movements. It is often performed at weddings and other important community celebrations. - Cultural Role: Courtship, social status, and community cohesion. https://danceask.net/pangalay-dance-philippines/ 3. Singkil (Mindanao) - A royal dance of the Maranao people, inspired by the epic “Darangen.” Dancers use bamboo poles and fans to tell the story of a princess caught in a forest during an earthquake. - Cultural Role: Royal courtship, epic storytelling, and religious devotion. https://tinyurl.com/mr3zbpcp Barcebal M. M., Barcebal R. E., Barretto K., Copertino M., Juada F. M., Tonding R. Valencia S. 12 | P a g e 4. Subli (Batangas) - A traditional dance from the Tagalog region, performed during religious festivals. It combines dance, song, and prayer, often honoring the Holy Cross. - Cultural Role: Religious devotion, cultural preservation, and community participation. https://pinasculture.com/subli/ Activity: - Dance Demonstration: Watch video demonstrations of Tinikling, Pangalay, and Singkil. Discuss the movements and how they relate to the themes of the dances. - Dance Workshop: Students will learn basic movements of a traditional dance such as Tinikling or Pangalay. In groups, they will choreograph and perform a short dance for the class. Assessment Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which traditional Philippine dance involves dancers stepping between bamboo poles? a) Pangalay b) Subli c) Tinikling d) Singkil 2. Which dance is characterized by graceful arm movements and is performed by the Tausug people of Sulu? a) Tinikling b) Pangalay c) Singkil d) Subli 3. Which dance tells the story of a princess navigating a forest during an earthquake using bamboo poles and fans? a) Subli b) Singkil c) Pangalay d) Tinikling 4. The Subli dance is often performed during religious festivals to honor what? a) Santo Niño b) San Isidro Labrador c) The Holy Cross d) The tikling bird 5. Which of the following dances is performed at weddings and reflects courtship among the Tausug people? a) Singkil b) Subli c) Pangalay d) Tinikling Enumeration Questions 6. Enumerate two cultural roles of the Tinikling dance. 7. List three cultural roles of the Subli dance. 8. Name two objects used in the Singkil dance to tell its story. 9. Enumerate two Philippine dances that use bamboo poles as part of their performance. 10. List three occasions where Pangalay is often performed. Barcebal M. M., Barcebal R. E., Barretto K., Copertino M., Juada F. M., Tonding R. Valencia S. 13 | P a g e Identification Questions 11. Identify the traditional dance that mimics the movement of a bird and involves dancers stepping between bamboo poles. 12. What is the dance from the Tausug people that features graceful arm movements and is performed at weddings? 13. Name the royal dance of the Maranao people that tells the story of a princess during an earthquake. 14. Which traditional dance from Batangas is performed during religious festivals and combines dance, song, and prayer? 15. Identify the dance that reflects the epic storytelling of the Maranao people and uses bamboo poles as part of the performance. Lesson 8: Traditional Dance in Southeast Asia Overview Traditional dance in Southeast Asia is often associated with rituals, festivals, and royal courts. These dances reflect the region's rich cultural heritage, drawing from ancient myths, legends, and religious traditions. 1. Apsara Dance (Cambodia) - A classical dance form that represents heavenly nymphs (Apsaras) in Hindu and Buddhist mythology. It is characterized by slow, graceful movements and elaborate costumes. - Cultural Role: Religious and royal ceremonies, mythology, and classical art. https://tinyurl.com/pwdfcwt7 2. Barong Dance (Bali, Indonesia) - A traditional Balinese dance that tells the story of the battle between good (Barong) and evil (Rangda). The performers wear large, elaborate costumes, and the dance is accompanied by Gamelan music. - Cultural Role: Religious ceremonies, mythology, and village festivals. https://tinyurl.com/mrytp85j Barcebal M. M., Barcebal R. E., Barretto K., Copertino M., Juada F. M., Tonding R. Valencia S. 14 | P a g e  3. Ramayana Ballet (Thailand) - A dance-drama performance based on the Hindu epic Ramayana, known locally as “Ramakien.” The performers wear colorful masks and costumes, depicting various gods and warriors. - Cultural Role: Royal court entertainment, religious festivals, and mythology. https://tinyurl.com/44rymx8s 4. Lao Khon (Laos) - A traditional Lao dance drama that tells stories from folklore, Buddhist tales, and royal history. The performances often feature intricate costumes and slow, deliberate movements. - Cultural Role: Royal ceremonies, religious festivals, and historical storytelling. https://www.pinterest.com/pin/85427724173901364/ Activity: - Dance Research: Assign each student group a Southeast Asian dance form (e.g., Apsara, Barong, Ramayana Ballet). Each group will research the history, significance, and movements of their assigned dance, and present their findings to the class through videos or live demonstrations. - Class Discussion: Compare the dance forms from the Philippines and Southeast Asia. Discuss the similarities and differences in terms of movements, themes, and cultural significance. Assessment Multiple Choice Questions: 1. Which traditional Cambodian dance represents heavenly nymphs from Hindu and Buddhist mythology? a) Barong Dance b) Apsara Dance c) Lao Khon d) Ramayana Ballet 2. What story is depicted in the Balinese Barong Dance? a) The battle between gods and demons c) The battle between good and evil b) The creation of the universe d) The story of the Ramayana 3. In which country is the Ramayana Ballet, known as "Ramakien," performed? a) Cambodia b) Laos c) Thailand d) Indonesia Barcebal M. M., Barcebal R. E., Barretto K., Copertino M., Juada F. M., Tonding R. Valencia S. 15 | P a g e 4. Which of the following dances is accompanied by Gamelan music? a) Apsara Dance b) Lao Khon c) Barong Dance d) Ramayana Ballet 5. Which dance-drama from Laos features stories from Buddhist tales, folklore, and royal history? a) Lao Khon b) Apsara Dance c) Ramayana Ballet d) Barong Dance Enumeration Questions: 6. List two key elements featured in the Apsara Dance. 7. Enumerate two types of stories told in the Lao Khon performances. 8. List three Southeast Asian countries where traditional dance is influenced by Hindu mythology. 9. Give two cultural roles of the Barong Dance. 10. Enumerate two types of characters portrayed in the Ramayana Ballet (Thailand). Identification Questions: 11. Identify the traditional dance from Cambodia that depicts heavenly nymphs and is used in religious and royal ceremonies. 12. What is the name of the traditional dance from Bali, Indonesia, that portrays the battle between good and evil? 13. Which dance-drama in Thailand is based on the Hindu epic Ramayana? 14. Name the traditional Lao dance that tells stories of folklore and royal history, performed during royal and religious ceremonies. 15. Which dance involves performers wearing large, elaborate costumes to depict the characters of Barong and Rangda? Barcebal M. M., Barcebal R. E., Barretto K., Copertino M., Juada F. M., Tonding R. Valencia S. 16 | P a g e  UNIT II: VISUAL ARTS Overview This module provides an introduction to the traditional visual arts practiced in the Philippines and Southeast Asia before the arrival of colonial powers and war. These arts were deeply intertwined with daily life, spiritual beliefs, and communal customs. Students will explore the different art forms, from embroidery to pottery and carving, to understand how these crafts were not only functional but also a reflection of the cultural identity, history, and social structure of various ethnic groups. Objectives By the end of this module, students will be able to: 1. Identify and describe various traditional visual art forms common to the Philippines and Southeast Asia. 2. Analyze the cultural significance of each art form in preserving the history, spirituality, and identity of the people in the region. 3. Compare the materials and techniques used in traditional Southeast Asian and Filipino visual arts. 4. Create simple art pieces inspired by the traditional visual arts of the Philippines and Southeast Asia. 5. Appreciate the role of folk and traditional art in modern society. Lesson 1: Embroidery, Fabrics, and Weaving Overview Embroidery, fabrics, and weaving were prominent art forms in pre-colonial Southeast Asia and the Philippines. These crafts produced intricate, hand-made textiles that were used in ceremonial garments, home decorations, and trade items. Many of these textiles featured patterns inspired by nature, mythology, and religious symbolism. 1. T’nalak (Philippines) - The T’nalak is a traditional fabric woven by the T’boli people of Mindanao, Philippines, using abaca fibers. It features intricate geometric patterns inspired by dreams. - Cultural Significance: The fabric is considered sacred and is used during weddings, births, and deaths. https://tinyurl.com/ycykmx73 Barcebal M. M., Barcebal R. E., Barretto K., Copertino M., Juada F. M., Tonding R. Valencia S. 17 | P a g e 2. Songket (Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei) - Songket is a luxurious hand-woven fabric interwoven with gold or silver threads, often worn by royalty and during special ceremonies. - Cultural Significance: Associated with royalty, high social status, and cultural celebrations. https://tinyurl.com/3ud6z8pz 3. Piña Fabric (Philippines) - Piña fabric, made from pineapple leaves, is commonly used in making traditional garments such as the Barong Tagalog and formal dresses. - Cultural Significance: Reflects Filipino craftsmanship and is used for formal attire during important events. https://tinyurl.com/4498d998 Activity: - Research and Presentation: Students will research different traditional fabrics from Southeast Asia and the Philippines, examining the weaving techniques, materials used, and cultural meanings behind the patterns. - Weaving Workshop: Students will create simple woven textiles using paper or yarn, drawing inspiration from traditional patterns found in T’nalak, Songket, or Piña fabric. Lesson 2: Pottery and Sculpture Overview Pottery and sculpture were essential to both everyday life and spiritual practices in Southeast Asia and the Philippines. Traditional pottery was used for cooking, storing food, and rituals, while sculpture was often used in religious contexts, decorating temples and sacred spaces. 1. Traditional Pottery (Philippines, Laos, Thailand) - Many pre-colonial Southeast Asian cultures practiced pottery-making, producing items for everyday use and special rituals. https://tinyurl.com/mp5y56e7 Barcebal M. M., Barcebal R. E., Barretto K., Copertino M., Juada F. M., Tonding R. Valencia S. 18 | P a g e  - Cultural Significance: Pottery was often decorated with symbolic patterns and used in daily life and spiritual practices. 2. Sculpture in Southeast Asia (Cambodia, Indonesia, Thailand) - In places like Cambodia (Angkor Wat) and Indonesia (Borobudur), large stone sculptures were created to depict deities, mythological figures, and religious stories. - Cultural Significance: These sculptures were used in temples and sacred sites, representing the religious beliefs of the people. https://tinyurl.com/4ua94h3m Activity: - Clay Pottery Project: Students will design and create their own pottery pieces using clay or air- dry materials, drawing inspiration from traditional Southeast Asian pottery designs. - Sculpture Analysis: Using images of famous sculptures from Angkor Wat or Borobudur, students will analyze the artistic techniques used and discuss their cultural and religious meanings. Lesson 3: Needlework and Brass Making Overview Needlework, including embroidery, and brass making were practiced widely across Southeast Asia. Embroidery was used to decorate clothing, blankets, and ceremonial items, while brass-making involved crafting gongs, tools, jewelry, and ritual objects. 1. Kalinga Embroidery (Philippines) - The Kalinga people are known for their traditional embroidery, which features vibrant, geometric patterns symbolizing nature and social status. - Cultural Significance: Embroidery is passed down through generations and is an essential part of Kalinga identity. https://tinyurl.com/ywd7evh5 Barcebal M. M., Barcebal R. E., Barretto K., Copertino M., Juada F. M., Tonding R. Valencia S. 19 | P a g e 2. Brass Making (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines) - Brass-making involves crafting objects like gongs (kulintang), jewelry, and household items. The art form has religious, social, and cultural importance. - Cultural Significance: Brass gongs are used in music, rituals, and social gatherings. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9zjJ8N_Odo Activity: - Embroidery Crafting: Students will be introduced to basic embroidery techniques and create their own embroidered designs inspired by traditional Filipino or Southeast Asian patterns. - Brass Design Project: Students will design and draw a brass object, such as a gong or piece of jewelry, using traditional Southeast Asian motifs. Lesson 4: Carving (Wood, Stone, Clay, Metal) Overview Carving was a highly skilled art form practiced across Southeast Asia and the Philippines. Carvings could be found on religious statues, temple walls, ceremonial objects, and everyday household items. 1. Paete Wood Carving (Philippines) - Paete in Laguna, Philippines, is famous for its intricate wood carvings, particularly religious statues and sculptures used in churches and homes. - Cultural Significance: Wood carving is a tradition passed down through generations and is central to religious devotion and local craftsmanship. https://tinyurl.com/bdehypzh 2. Temple Carvings (Angkor Wat, Cambodia; Borobudur, Indonesia) - Ancient temples in Southeast Asia are adorned with elaborate stone carvings that depict religious stories and figures from Hinduism and Buddhism. https://tinyurl.com/yh82szem Barcebal M. M., Barcebal R. E., Barretto K., Copertino M., Juada F. M., Tonding R. Valencia S. 20 | P a g e  - Cultural Significance: These carvings serve both artistic and religious purposes, representing the region’s devotion to spirituality. Activity: - Carving Analysis: Students will examine photos of traditional carvings from Southeast Asian temples and discuss the symbolism and religious meanings behind the images. - Carving Project: Students will create a simple carving using soft materials such as soap or clay, mimicking traditional wood or stone carving techniques. Lesson 5: Prints and Patterns in Traditional Art Overview Prints and patterns in traditional Southeast Asian and Filipino art often represented the worldview of the people, their connection to nature, and their spiritual beliefs. Patterns were used in textiles, pottery, and architectural designs. 1. Geometric Patterns in Traditional Art - Many Southeast Asian cultures used geometric patterns to decorate textiles, pottery, and other art forms. These patterns often had symbolic meanings related to religion, nature, or the social structure of the community. - Cultural Significance: Patterns are used to communicate identity, spirituality, and cultural heritage. https://tinyurl.com/yzu8d743 2. Batok (Tattooing Tradition in the Philippines) - The art of tattooing (batok) among the Kalinga and other highland peoples of the Philippines is an ancient tradition, using intricate geometric patterns. - Cultural Significance: Tattoos are a symbol of identity, bravery, and social status. https://tinyurl.com/jvp4mnew Activity: - Pattern Design Exercise: Students will design their own geometric patterns inspired by traditional Southeast Asian or Filipino patterns. These patterns can be applied to textiles, pottery, or drawn on paper. Barcebal M. M., Barcebal R. E., Barretto K., Copertino M., Juada F. M., Tonding R. Valencia S. 21 | P a g e - Printmaking Project: Using simple printmaking techniques (such as block printing), students will create a printed pattern on paper or fabric, inspired by traditional Southeast Asian or Filipino designs. Assessment I. Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following is a traditional fabric woven by the T’boli people in the Philippines? a. Songket b. T’nalak c. Piña d. Batik 2. Paete, Laguna in the Philippines is known for its mastery in which art form? a. Pottery b. Sculpture c. Wood carving d. Needlework 3. Which Southeast Asian temple is famous for its elaborate stone carvings? a. Angkor Wat b. Borobudur c. Wat Pho d. Prambanan II. Enumeration 1. List three types of traditional visual arts common to the Philippines and Southeast Asia. 2. Enumerate two traditional weaving techniques from the Philippines or Southeast Asia. III. Identification 1. The traditional fabric made from pineapple fibers: _____________ 2. The hand-woven cloth from the Philippines, known for its dream-inspired patterns: _____________ 3. The town famous for wood carving in the Philippines: _____________ References: - Hornedo, F. H. (2000). The Favor of the Gods: Essays in Filipino Religious Thought and Behavior. - UNESCO. (n.d.). Batik as a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage. - Salazar, Z. (1999). Pre-colonial Filipino Art and Tradition. Barcebal M. M., Barcebal R. E., Barretto K., Copertino M., Juada F. M., Tonding R. Valencia S. 22 | P a g e