OHS 1 Week 1 Session 1 Dental Anatomy PDF

Today’s Agenda Review Course Outline Introductions Week 1 Lecture – Dental Anatomy A) Part 1 Oral Cavity B) Part 2 Tooth Landmarks  Introduce Yourself Share your Name Explain what made you want to go to dental hygiene school Share one interest that you like...

Today’s Agenda Review Course Outline Introductions Week 1 Lecture – Dental Anatomy A) Part 1 Oral Cavity B) Part 2 Tooth Landmarks  Introduce Yourself Share your Name Explain what made you want to go to dental hygiene school Share one interest that you like doing in your free time  Course Outline  IMPORTANT DUE DATES: Week 5: Quiz #1 (March 5, 2025 @ 3:00 pm) Week 8: Assignment #1 “Name the Tooth” (March 25, 2025 @ 3:00 pm) Week 9: Midterm (TBA) Week 14: Quiz #2 (May 6, 2025 @ 3:00 pm) Week 18: Final Exam – in class (June 3, 2025 @ 3:00 pm)  Course Outline  Quiz #1 15%  Assignment #1 10%  Midterm Exam 25%  Quiz #2 15%  Final Exam 35%  Total 100%  Session 1 Dental Anatomy OHSI Ms. Navneet Pannu  Dental Hygienists perform thorough examinations of the head and neck for each client.  Involves examining extra and intra oral structures.  Use the information to formulate a client- centered care plan  Identify all intra and extra oral landmarks in the oral cavity.  List the various tooth surfaces, divisions, point angles, lobes, developmental grooves, supplemental grooves, tubercles, fossa, cingula, pits, cusps, ridges, concavities, lingual grooves, triangular ridges, transverse ridges, and fissure  Outline the position of the teeth in the dentition and describe the anatomical terms: Tooth Surfaces, Horizontal and Vertical Divisions of Teeth, Line Angles and Point Angles.  Explain the terms: Curvatures Of Crown Anatomy, Proximal Contacts and embrasure spaces, col areas.  Discuss the effects of pronounced or inadequate curvatures of teeth, the effects of widened or narrow embrasures. Part A  Upper:  Maxillae-  Lower:  Mandible-  Gingiva  Gums  Mucosa  Beginning of the digestive system  Forms a common pathway with the respiratory system  Begins at lips and cheeks and extends to the palatine tonsils  Posterior to palatine tonsils is the oral pharynx (pathway shared by the digestive and respiratory system) 1. Vestibule - 2. Oral cavity proper alveolar ridges extending to the back of the throat – palatine tonsils…  Lips  Philtrum  Frenum -  Alveolar Mucosa  Mucogingival junction  Bounded by lips anteriorly and cheeks laterally  Cheeks formed by buccinator muscle covered by mucous membrane  Upper posterior of vestibular space is a ridge of bone  Anterior part of vestibular space is the zygomatic alveolar crest.  Junction between mucosa (wet) and skin tissue (dry)  is the outline of the lips Vermilion zone is the fuller, darker part of lips Depression between the nose and upper lip Where the corners of the upper and lower lips meet  Frenum -not muscle but connective tissue -found on both maxilla and mandible -frenum pulls Frenum pull causing gum Frenectomy recession / spacing  Mandibular frenum  Alveolar mucosa - Mucogingival Junction -  Buccal Mucosa  Labial Mucosa  Mucosa contains many small salivary glands and  Mucosa may have Fordyce granules  Misplaced sebaceous glands  Appearance: yellowish in color embedded in the mucosa  Found on:  Alveolar process of the maxilla and mandible – cortical plate  Localized developmental growths of normal bone with an hereditary etiology.  Usually in the canine, premolar to molar region  Covered by normal oral tissue MAXILLA/ PALATAL AREA Fovea Palatinae  Hard Palate  Anterior portion has transverse ridges of epithelial and connective tissue known as  Covered in  Wide, narrow, have a high arching curvature (vaulted) or flat in its contours.  Incisive papilla  Singular bulge of tissue at the midline immediately posterior to the central incisors  Median palatine raphe  midline ridge  Greater palatine foramina  located lingually to the maxillary 2nd and 3rd molar  Fovea palatinae  2 small depressions on either side of the posterior nasal spine  Posterior portion of palate  tissue  Contains adipose tissue and minor salivary glands  Submucosa thin and firmly attached to muscles for speech and swallowing  Mucosa and muscles function as one unit  These lateral borders are called the  Masses of lymphoid tissue located between these borders.  Responsible for removing toxins.  The hangs from the posterior margin of the soft palate  Maxillary Tuberosity:  Retro-molar Pad: Palatal Torus – excess bone A bony projection that is an atypical but normal structure found both on maxilla and mandible Tongue A muscle Lingual frenum Connective tissue attaching tongue to floor of mouth Mandibular tori Excess bone – in lingual mandibular premolar area  Tongue  Anterior 2/3 called body of the tongue  Posterior 1/3 called pharyngeal portion  Dorsal surface - top surface  Lateral border -sides of tongue  Ventral surface –the underside  Tongue  Lingual frenum is to attach the base of the tongue to the floor of the mouth  If fold of tissue extends from the tip of the tongue to the floor of the mouth  Ankyloglossia: “tongue tie” – lingual frenum is short and attached close to the tongue  (not to be confused with tight lingual frenum)  Sublingual caruncle  base of frenum, small elevation, opening for the ducts of the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands  Tissue in floor of mouth is the thinnest in the oral cavity Position of coronoid Coronoid process of the process in the mandible mandible  Coronoid process moves in the vestibular space when the mouth is open wide.  It is a clinical consideration when taking radiographs or impressions for study models  Radiographs – consideration of technique angle bisecting and paralleling  It can also interfere when taking maxillary study models. BREAK Part B  Chewing food  Aids in digestion  Protecting oral cavity  Communication – speech, phonetics  Esthetics Handouts  Crown  -Covered with enamel  Root  -Covered with cementum  Joined by CEJ  Cementoenamel juntion  Crown  -Whole crown that is covered by enamel, regardless if it is erupted, covered by gingiva or not  -Part of the crown that is visible in the mouth (above the gingiva)  Roots  May be single or multiple root  Multiple roots may be bifurcated (2) or trifurcated (3)  Apex is terminal end of root (where nerve enters tooth)  Root held in place by ligaments joining to the alveolus (tooth socket) Trifurcated root Bifurcated root  Hard Tissue  Enamel  Cementum  Dentin  Soft Tissue  Pulp  Enamel  Strength of enamel is resistant to wear but consider excessive mechanical and/or chemical effects  Protects against bacteria, mild acids, tooth decay  Smooth surface – easy to self clean  Enamel  Outer covering of the crown  Colour varies with thickness – thinner enamel shows through the underlying dentin  Most densely mineralized and hardest tissue in the body  inorganic; organic & water  Dentin  Main portion/bulk of tooth  Underlying structure on crown AND root  2nd hardest tooth structure  inorganic; organic and water  Outer covering of the root  Has voids that expose dentin  Provides attachment site for periodontal ligament  Thin at cervical line but increases near apex  3rd hardest tooth structure  inorganic; organic, water  Pulp  Provides nourishment, sensation and dentin- repairing to tooth  Composed of blood vessels, lymph vessels, connective tissue, nerve tissue, odontoblasts  Surrounded by dentin  Blood vessels bring white blood cells to fight infection  Pulp cavity: entire cavity within the tooth, including the pulp canal and pulp chambers  Pulp chamber: Cavity in the center of the crown of a tooth that normally contains the major portion of the dental pulp. The pulp canals lead into the pulp chambers.  Pulp horn: Extension of pulp tissue into a thin point of the pulp chamber in the tooth crown.  Lingual – faces tongue  Facial – faces cheek or lip;  Labial – faces cheek or lip in the anterior  Buccal-faces the cheek in the posterior  Proximal – faces the neighboring tooth’s surface.  2 proximal surfaces  Mesial - toward the midline  Distal - away from the midline Divisions of Crown (2 ways) 1. Incisal (anterior) Occlusal (posterior) 2. Middle 3. Cervical And 4. Facial (Labial & Buccal) 5. Middle 6. Lingual Root 7. Cervical 8. Middle 9. Apical  Are formed by the lines created at the junction of crown surfaces  Line angle “name” is derived by combining the names of those surfaces  Anterior teeth  Mesiolabialincisal  Distolabialincisal  Mesiolinguoincisal  Distolinguoincisal  Point at which surfaces join  Posterior teeth  Mesiobuccoocclusal  Distobuccooclussal  Mesiolinguooclussal  Distolinguooclussal  Terms  Cusp:  major point or eminence (mountain)  Fossa:  depression or concave area. (valley)  Developmental groove:  shallow grooves or lines where lobes join. (highway)  Pits:  pinpoint depression found in grooves. (pot-holes)  Tubercle  Small elevation of enamel on some portion of the crown (difference from cusp is smaller) A long narrow elevation on the surface of a tooth 1. Marginal ridge:  posterior teeth-mesial and distal raised portions on occlusal surfaces  anterior teeth-mesial and distal raised portions on lingual surfaces 2. Triangular ridge: any ridge on the occlusal surface of a posterior tooth that extends from the point of a cusp to the central groove of the occlusal surface.  Terms 3. Transverse ridge: joining of two triangular ridges on the occlusal surface of posterior teeth, running buccal to lingual 4. Oblique ridge: joining of two triangular ridge on the occlusal surface of posterior teeth, running obliquely.  Function of curvatures of teeth:  preventing disease, damage, bacterial invasion, and calculus buildup  disperse excessive occlusal trauma  protect gingiva and periodontium.  Evolution of jaws and teeth have contributed to the following adaptations and characteristics: 1. Location and size of proximal contact areas 2. Location and size of interproximal spaces 3. Location and effectiveness of embrasures 4. Facial and lingual contours 5. Amount of curvature of CEJ on M&D surface 6. Self-cleaning, smoothness, overall shape 7. Occlusal and incisal curvatures/contours  Located on the mesial and distal surfaces at the widest portion and the greatest curvature – refer to as distal contact or mesial contact  Contact area of anterior teeth close to incisal surfaces and centered between labial and lingual.   Small enough to prevent a buildup of excessive amounts of bacteria, food and debris but large enough to prevent food from packing between teeth, to protect underlying gum tissue.  Resists displacement from traumatic forces  Perio disease can affect neighbouring teeth  Triangular shaped spaces between the teeth  Formed by alveolar bone on one side and the proximal surfaces with their contact areas on the other side (contact forming apex)  Normally filled with gingival tissue called interdental papilla  Space allows for bulky bone to support teeth and for tissue to vascularize the bone  If interproximal bone is missing due to recession, a void exists called the cervical embrasure exists  -Can occur due to perio disease or ortho  -Can collect bacteria, calculus and food debris  Embrasures:  Spaces (spillways) between the teeth that are occlusal/incisal to the contact areas  Functions  Self-cleaning by allowing saliva, ingested liquids and food, tongue, cheeks and lips to swish away food  Allow stimulation of gingiva by frictional massage of food while still protecting from trauma  Self-cleaning aided by:  Canine pierces food and forces food off cusp and onto cingulum and gingiva  Premolars deflect food onto occlusal surfaces where they are ground up  Tongue and cheek push chewed food onto molars until it eventually reaches back of mouth  If pits or grooves on occlusal surfaces are too deep for self-cleaning, they can filled with sealant or bonding material  Next Week: Week 1 Review Questions Download Bone Box Oral Cavity Terminology