Lec 1 - Introduction to Dental Anatomy PDF

Oral Biology Department Introduction to Dental Anatomy Dr Sara El-Banna: Lecturer at MSA Course director: Dr Samah Kamel Made by: Mennatullah Hazem LECTURE OUTLINE Dental Anatomy Definition Structures of the oral cavity Dental arches and quadrants Types of teeth Types o...

Oral Biology Department Introduction to Dental Anatomy Dr Sara El-Banna: Lecturer at MSA Course director: Dr Samah Kamel Made by: Mennatullah Hazem LECTURE OUTLINE Dental Anatomy Definition Structures of the oral cavity Dental arches and quadrants Types of teeth Types of dentition Functions of teeth Numbering systems LECTURE ILOs Know the oral and dental terminologies Differentiate between different numbering systems WHY IS DENTISTRY IMPORTANT? What is Dental Anatomy It is defined as, but is not limited to, the study of the development, morphology, function and identity of each of the teeth in the human dentitions, As well as the way in which the teeth relate in shape, form, structure, color and function to the other teeth in the same dental arch and to the teeth in the opposing arch.  Structures of the oral cavity 1- Lips 2- Gingiva 3-Cheek 4- Tongu of the 5-Floor e mouth 6-Roof of the mouth (palate) 7- Teeth  1-Lips There are 2 lips; upper and lower There are 2 groove found around the lips: 1.Naso-labial groove 2. Labio-mental Extends from both sides of groove your nose to the corners of Starts from the lower lip your mouth area to the soft tissue chin  Naso-labial groove Labio-mental groo  2-Gingiva It is the tissue surrounding the cervical part of the tooth Red gingiva denotes unhealthy It should be of a pale pink co case  3-Cheeks It is the lining of the outside cheeks  4-Tongue It is a muscular and glandular tissue It has 2 surfaces; Dorsal It is very important for Ventral taste  5- Floor of the mouth It is loaded with blood vessels There are bilateral bulges which are salivary glands  6-Roof of the mouth (palate) Anterior part is called hard palate because it covers bone Posterior part is called soft palate covering muscles And the most posterior part is called uvula 7-Teeth  Dental arches and quadrants -Teeth Are Arranged In The Oral Cavity In Two Arches Called The Dental Arches One Lower And One Upper. 1 2 -The Upper Arch Is Called The Maxilla The Teeth In This Arch Are Called Upper Or Maxillary Teeth. -The Lower Arch Is Called The Mandible The Teeth In This Arch Are Called Lower Or 4 3 Mandibular Teeth. -Each Dental Arch Has A Midline That Divides The Arch Into Two Approximately Equal Right And Left Segments Named As Quadrant. -There Are Four Quadrants In The Entire Oral Cavity. Posterior teeth: Types of teeth Anterior teeth: 1. Premolars 1. Incisors 2. molars 2. canines  Types of 1. Deciduous dentition dentitions 2.Mixed dentition 3.Permanent dentition  Dental formula The denomination and number of the teeth are expressed by formulae that are used to differentiate the human dentitions from those of other species. The denomination of each tooth is often represented by the initial letter in its name (e.g., I for incisor, C for canine, P for premolar, M for molar). Each letter is followed by a horizontal line and the number of each type of tooth is placed above the line for the maxilla (upper jaw) and below the line for the mandible (lower jaw). The formulae include one side only.  Dental Formula of Deciduous Teeth Humans have two dentitions 1-The primary dentition: It can also be called deciduous, milky, baby, temporary or predecessors 20 teeth. 10 maxillary and 10 mandibular. 5 teeth are present in each quadrant. 2 incisors. 1 canine. 2 molars. The dental formula is: 2 1 2 I ­--- C ---- M ---- = 10 2 1 2  Dental Formula of Permanent Teeth 2-The permanent dentition: It can also be called secondary, adult or succedaneous 32 teeth, 16 maxillary and 16 mandibular. 8 teeth in each quadrant are Present. 2 incisors. 1 canine. 2 premolars. 3 molars. The dental formula is : 2 1 2 3 I ---- C ---- PM --- M ---- = 16 2 1 2 3 Important note: -The permanent teeth that replace the deciduous teeth are called succedaneous teeth. -The permanent molars are not preceeded with deciduous teeth so they may be termed as non- succedaneous teeth. Functions of teeth 1-Mastication  Canine Wedge Premolars For tearing & like for grinding cutting & tearing Incisors Molars Chisel For grinding like for cutting 2-Appearance 3-Speech 4-Growth of jaws Dental numbering systems There are 3 dental numbering systems used worldwide. We use numbering systems as a dental language to facilitate the communication between us as dentists. These numbering systems are: 1. The Universal numbering system 2. Palmer’s notation system 3. Federation Dentaire International (FDI) or (two digit system) 1)The universal numbering system: The number is always preceded by the sign # to designate that the system is used for universal system. Permanent teeth (1 – 32) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17  A B C D F G H I E J T S R Q O N M L P K Deciduous teeth 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 5 10 20 19 18 17 15 14 13 12 16 11 When we use numbers for deciduous teeth we have to put (d) beside the number e.g. # 5d mer Notation System: esents the four quadrants of the dentition as if you are facing the patie And it is represented by 2 lines; 1 horizontal representing the the arch (upper or lower) and the other vertical representing right or left, 6 eg.: UPPER RIGHT UPPER LEFT LOWER LOWER RIGHT LEFT  PERMANENT TEETH UPPER RIGHT UPPER LEFT 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 8 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 8 LOWER RIGHT LOWER LEFT  DECIDUOUS TEETH E D C B A A B C D E E D C B A A B C D E The Federation Dentaire international (FDI) (Two - digit system) th are designed by using binomial systems: rst number of the code is located at the left side and indicates the quad or the permanent dentition. For the deciduous dentition U.R U.R U.L U.L 5 6 1 2 4 3 8 7 L.R L.L L.R L.L b- The second number is located at the right side and indicates the number of the tooth in the quadrant according to Palmer’s. ☻The two numbers should be pronounced separately. For the permanent dentition. 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38  For the deciduous dentition 55 54 53 52 51 61 62 63 64 65 85 84 83 82 71 72 73 74 75 81 Mention the followin tooth in: Universal numbering system FDI system Palmer notation  #2 74 8 -Mention the numbering system -Mention the numbering system -Mention the tooth -Mention the tooth # 2 P -Mention the numbering system -Mention the numbering system -Mention the tooth -Mention the tooth References: Atlas of the human dentition Concise dental anatomy and morphology Wheeler's Dental Anatomy, Physiology and Occlusion