Srewrit Quiz (1st Term) PDF

Srewrit Quiz (1st term). 09/30/24 o MODULE 1 Text as a connected discourse Text as Connected Discourse - words -> sentence -> paragraphs =...

Srewrit Quiz (1st term). 09/30/24 o MODULE 1 Text as a connected discourse Text as Connected Discourse - words -> sentence -> paragraphs = discourse Language - complex structure built up of smaller units connected to each other Discourse - Language above the sentence - Language in use purpose of discourse - Social practice in which langauge plays a central role To Inform – provides knowledge - Heavily dependent on context (must To persuade – convince the readers understand context) - Expressed by agent (speaker), the To entertain – source of entertainment for its agent/speaker provides the context that is readers needed to understand dicourse ▪ DISCOURSE ANALYSIS Text – signs and symbols systematized by Culture – beliefs, customs, attitudes, language, grammar and organized in logical language and other things that define culture may influence - Must have structural cohension the author’s perpective on several issue - Physical manifestation of discourse, which Social evnironment – author’s physical is a process of interaction and surroundings and soc relationships, the culture of interpretation of language in a context the time may influence writing What is a DISCOURSE Experiences – first hand experience of events, - Derived from “discursus” meant though subjective, establish credibility and “argument” in medieval reliability of information presented in any - latin and later evolved to “conversation” in discourse late latin o Types of discourse - formal and extensive exploration of subject - involves systematic organization of ideas Expository – used to explain or describe a topic - may take written forms - Form a discourse that is based on facts - interactive in nature and data Descriptive – uses language to create a vivid mental image of the topic Srewrit Quiz (1st term). 09/30/24 Narrative – way in which stories are told through o MODULE 2 written or spoken Techniques in selecting and organizing information - Form of communication in which ideas and Brainstorming – process of writing down specific events are sequenced in a logical and topic gatjered from diff. sourcess. meaningful way - Used to tell stories, convey infos, and - Informal way of generating topic to write create sense of purpose about Argumentative -involves making a claim and Alex F. Osborn – father of brainstorming prodiving evidence to support it, covincing manner OSBORN’S GENERAL RULE - Persuade an audience to accept a POV No cristicism – let idea’s flow LITERARY VS. ACAD DISCOURSE Welcome unsual ideas – unsual ideas are Literary - focused on creative works such as welcomed as it is normally easier to “tame down” poetry, short soties, novels chuchu than to “tame up” as new ways of thinking and looking at the world may provide better solutions - Used strictly for business communications ❖ Types of literary discourse Quantify wanted - The greater the number of ideas generated, the greater the chance of Poetic – commonly found in creative works such producing a radical and effective solution as poems Combine and improve ideas - Not only are a - How language is used to form themes and variety of ideals wanted, but also ways to convey ideologies combine ideas in order to make them better Expressive – commonly found in journals chuchu 6 Methods in brainstorming - Typically written in 1st person POV Listing – listing ideas about a particular topic - It is a personal narratives Idea mapping – visual reprenstation of ideas nd Transactional - provides detailed information on their connections with one another how something is done Free writing – continuosly writing without - Encourage the readers to do smth worrying abt form, grammar, style chuchu Academic discourse – language and concepts Cubing – examined from 6 distinct view points used when communicating - Describe the topic - Uses formal laguage, reasons, evidence - Compare nd contrast it - Properly structured - Associate( what do u associate it with) - Well-written text - Analyze - 3rd POV - Apply Cohension – connection grammatically, - Argue for and against transistional device Researching – looking for infos in the internet Coherence – overall understanding of the essence or library - 3rd pov - Objective nd formal matter Srewrit Quiz (1st term). 09/30/24 Graphic Organizers – also knows as knowledge map, concept map, cognitive organizer,advance organizer, or concept diagram.. - Communication tool that uses visual symbols to express knowledge, concepts, thoughts, or ideas, nd the relationship between them - Visual representation of knowlegde that structures information by arranging important aspects ▪ Types of graphic organizer Srewrit Quiz (1st term). 09/30/24 Srewrit Quiz (1st term). 09/30/24 Why do we outline? Overview – quick summary of structure Relationship – ideas Record – reference point Test – Logic – coherence/cohension -> arrangement Boundaries – check if we are discussing the right topic ▪ Principle of outlining Coordination – requires idea of the same relevance to be labeled in the same way - A is equal to AB, A1 TO A2, an A to AB, etc. Subordination – minor details must be placed under their respectivve major details. Division – no cluster should contain only 1 item - there can never be an A without a B, a 1 without a 2, an a without a b, etc. parallel construction. – requires all enteies in each cluster to use the same structure and fromat o types of outline topic outline – uses words and phrases as its entries used if the ideas being discussed can be arranged in several ways Sentence outline – complete sentences How to read graphic organizer? - when the topic being discussed is 1. Start in the center or at the top. complicated and requires details 2. Look for arrows. o MODULE 3 3. Determine the organizational structure. 4. Consider relationship Pattern of Development in writing Outlining – organizing ideas, plan out the - strategy writer use to develop ideas structure of paper nd conceptualize points - Logical arrangement of thought - How idea is progressing - Helps generate ideas nd organize them logically Srewrit Quiz (1st term). 09/30/24 Narration – written to explain what, when and Writing a cause nd effect essayz; who - Writer needs to know which factor to - Reveals what a reader should learn emphasize; causes or effects, and why - Written in chronological time order it is important to discuss a cause and - Words can help us visualize effect - Concrete and specific detail - It is not ok to write “there ar several - Help readers to connect to the world the causes and effect for..” author envisions - Using transition words to emphasize CAE relationship between ideas is Signal words: Some of the common useful transitional expressions used in narrative - Words and phrases showing cause: writing are: meanwhile, eventually, soon, later, because, since, is due to, is caused first, second, then, finally, also, besides, by, the first cause (second, third), the furthermore, moreover, in addition, and too. first reason (second, third), yet Description – appeals to our senses, talks another factor, results from about spatial pattern (location) - Words and phrases showing consequence: as a result, consequently - Observed in exposition or characters therefore, it follows, then, for this Objective – controlling idea reason, one important effect, another should identify the object result, a third outcome, as a result, - To be described as objectively as consequently, then, next, therefore possible thus - Used in scientific writing and the goal is to present an objective picture of an Signal words: as a result, consequently, object or scene therefore, it follows, then, for this reason, one - Whats happening/understanding important effect, another result, a third Subjective – describing an outcome, as a result, consequently, then, next, impression of what is observed therefore,and thus - Use impressio, descriptive paragraphs Exemplification – provides example to explore most often in fiction on idea to expound on the main idea - Description of characters, help us imagine what people are like - Provide an example or two support your claim Signal words: Some signal words used in this - Use specific instances or actual cases pattern of development are: above, across, to convince an audience that a adjacent to, away from, behind, beyond, particular point is true farther, in front of near, opposite to, throughout, - In essay, support it by illustrating with to the right, under, etc examples Cause and effect – show the facts, or Signal words: Some signal words used in this concepts result due to other event pattern of development are: Cause = reason after all, as an example, in particular, specifically, to illustrate, etc Effect = result Srewrit Quiz (1st term). 09/30/24 Definition – answering the question “what Problem-solution – present a problem and does it mean?” describe 2 or more possible solutios - Explain information through the se of - state and define the problem (context) – illustration, examples and descriptions explain what the problematic issue nd - witer must identify the term being why it should be treates as a problem defined, provide a general definition and - suggest the possible solutions – 2 then provide clear detail to support the possible solution to the problem definition - evaluate the solutions (measuring tool) – dicuss the ad and disad of the By characteristics or features solutiom By function - make a recoomendation – if u think that By what it is' similar to one of the solution is better than the By example others state directly which of the By its origins solution in ur opniom is better and why By its effect signal words: problem, solution, because, Signal words: Some signal words used in this cause, since, as a result, in order to, so that, a pattern of development are: solution. is defined as, as defined, means, refers to, to define and to illustrate. Persuation – convince someone that your opinion on a subject is the right one Comparison and contrast – 2 or more people are alike or different Facts - A statement of what is. Referring to authority - An expert who 2 ways to write a paaragraph can be relied on to give unbiased facts Point by point - writing back and forth between and the two subjects. First, talking about topic A. information. then talk about topic B., then right back to topic Examples - should clearly relate to the A. and so on. and should be typical enough Block Paragraph - only discusses one topic to support it. and then finishes the paragraph Predicting the consequence - Helps with the other subject that is to be compared or the reader visualize what will occur if contrasted with the first. Then the conclusion something does or does not happen. puts what you are comparing or contrasying - Technique together Answering the opposition - Answering Signal words: Transitional expressions used in: possible critics shows you are aware of Comparison: the opposing opinion and are able to in the same way, and, also, in addition, as well respond to it. as both, neither, each of, just as...so, - Acknowledgement similarly, like, too, the same Signal words: Transitional expressions used to: Contrast: Give Reasons: although, whereas, but, however, conversely, first (second, third), another, next last, finally, on the other hand, in contrast, while, because, since, for, although yet, unlike Answer the Opposition: Srewrit Quiz (1st term). 09/30/24 of course, some may say, nevertheless, on the sequence, such as before, after, first, next, other hand then, when, finally, while, as, during, earlier, Draw Conclusions: later, and meanwhile therefore, thus, hence, consequently Numerical order - Words used in expository Classification and division – group items into writing to signal order of importance, such as their parts or types (sabi ni gugel) first, second, also, finally, in addition, equally important, and more or less importantly Process - Signal Devices - words that give readers an o MODULE 4 idea Properties of a Well-Written Text of how the points in your paragraph are progressing - Language use, mechanics, organization, 1. Transitions coherence and cohension 2. Repetitions Organization – arrangements of ideas in a 3. Synonyms definite order 4. Pronouns - The flow of ideas must be logically and transitions accurately arranged Cause/effect order - Words used in expository - 1st sentence should be connected to the writing to signal causal relationships, such as succeding sentences because, since, for, so, as a result, Deductive – general to specific consequently, thus, and hence. Inductive – specific to broad ideas General/specific order - Words used in descriptive reports and arguments to signal Coherence and cohesion more specific elaboration on an idea, such as Coherence – occurs when ideas are for example, such as, like, namely, for instance, connetced at conceptual level that is, in fact, in other words, and indeed. Cohesion – connection of ideas at sentence Comparison/contrast order - Words used in level expository writing to signal similarities and Text – structural differences, such as (for similarities) also, additionally, just as, as if, as though, like, and Discourse – coherence similarly; and (for differences) but, yet, only, ways of ordering ideas to achieve although, whereas, in contrast, conversely, coherence however, on the other hand, rather, instead, in spite of, and nevertheless spatial order – location in space - connect clauses - descriptive writing to signal spatial repetitions – emphasis relationships, such as above, below, synonyms – similar meaning to beside, nearby, beyod, inside, and important words, or phrases that outside preventd tedious repetitiom Time order - Words used in writing narratives, pronouns – word that are used to andinstructions to signal chronological replace nouns in given sentence Srewrit Quiz (1st term). 09/30/24 Language use – use of proper language is one of the clearest indiccators and sign of a well- written text - enables the author and writer to communicate more to the readers - concrete and specific - concise (cut ur setence) - align to the situation in the text Mechanics – hedging careful language - deals with the technical aspect of writing focus on correct spelling, abbreviations, punctuations chcuhu General principles - Always use Standard English. - Avoid using contractions (e.g. shouldn’t) - Avoid using exclamation marks unless they are part of a direct quotation - Always put the whole name of an abbreviation in the first mention. Thereafter, use the abbreviation. - Numbers from zero to ten should be spelled and the rest should be written as figures