Text and Connected Discourse PDF

TEXT and CONNECTED DISCOURES GROUP - 1 WHAT IS TEXT?  WHAT IS TEXT? - a text is generally considered as written material ,especially longer pieces of writing as in a book, a letter or a news paper. - A group of ideas put together to make a point or one central idea. - Text also made up of sent...

TEXT and CONNECTED DISCOURES GROUP - 1 WHAT IS TEXT?  WHAT IS TEXT? - a text is generally considered as written material ,especially longer pieces of writing as in a book, a letter or a news paper. - A group of ideas put together to make a point or one central idea. - Text also made up of sentences. - It deals with cohesion. Examples of texts: A letter, email, or article. A story, poem, or speech. Visual or multimedia elements, like posters or videos.  WHAT IS A DISCOURSE?  WHAT IS A DISCOURSE? - originally the word 'disourse ' comes from latin discursus. which denoted conversation , argument or speech - Text with distinct features and purpose. - Formal and often lengthy discussion of a topic where concepts and insights are arranged in an organized and logical manner. - An extended expression of thoughts or ideas. DISCOURSE IT REFERS HOW LANGUAGE IS USED TO; convey meanings propel actions provoke a specific response DISCOURSE Journal /Diary News Articles Anecdotes Procedures Critiques Opinion Piece research articles Qualities of a Text According to Jorgensen and Phillips put forth the qualities of a text as: 1. Cohesion -The parts are connected. 2.Coherence -The overall text has meaning. 3.Intentionality -The writer's attitude and the purpose can be discerned. Qualities of a Text According to Jorgensen and Phillips put forth the qualities of a text as: 4.Acceptability -The text is recognized. 5.Informativity -There is a quantity of new or expected information. 6. Intertextuality -The text can be linked to the preceding discourse. Written text requires the characteristics of connected discourse when 1. Its ideas are linked logically. Here are some steps to make logical division of idea paragraph a. Begin a logical division paragraph with a topic sentence. b. In the supporting sentences, discuss each point one after the other c. Introduce each new point with a signal word or phrase. d. In addition, support each point with a convincing detail such as an example or statistics (numbers, amounts, percentages, etc) e. Finally, end a logical division paragraph with a concluding sentences  Connectives for listing arguments 1. Firstly -This can be used for supporting argument. 2. Secondly -furthermore, moreover, in addition- this can be used for any further supporting arguments. 3. Finally - furthermore, moreover, in addition this can be used for the last supporting argument. Concluding connectives such as in conclusion, in summary and thus  A WRITTEN WITH A PURPOSE Purpose of Discourse TO INFORM - it gives facts, instructions or directions to the readers. TO PERSUAD -this shows an appeal to the readers emotion or to prevail on (a person) to do something TO ENTERTAIN -to provide someone amusement or enjoyment. A WRITTEN WITH A PURPOSE Purpose Ex.picture CULTURE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT PERSONAL EXPERIENCES Factors that Influence Discourses Text VS Discourse TEXT - is made up of sentences having the property of grammatical cohesion DISCOURSE - is made up of utterances having the property of coherence Coherence - The overall text has meaning. Cohesion-The parts are connected. Text as Connected Discourse - A text is a connected discourse, which means that all ideas in the text must be related in the sense that they would express only one main idea, or that the text must have unity by combining all ideas to emphasize central idea. Connected Discourse in Speech - Connected speech is spoken language that's used in a continuous sequence, as in normal conversations. Also called connected discourse. There is often a significant difference between the way words are pronounced in isolation and the way they are pronounced in the context of connected speech. Connected Discourse as a Written Text -These refer to text with distinct features and purpose in which ideas are coherently arranged.  Types of Discourse Narrative Description Persuasive Argumentative Expository  Narrative Writting - involves telling a story (narrating). Narration involves several features, such as: Point of view (first person or third person) Characters Setting Plot Conflict Resolution  Types of Discourse Narrative Description Persuasive Argumentative Expository Discriptive Writting features descriptive words/phrases and sensory images. - An effective piece of descriptive writing should make the reader feel as if he or she is experiencing what is being described. Persuasive - The purpose of Persuasive writing/speaking is to convince the readers/listeners to change their mode of thinking or to persuade them to take a specific action.  Persuasive techniques are often used in: Advertisements Argumentative writing Political campaigns Persuasion often appeals to emotion.  Argumentative - Argumentative writing/speaking is similar to Persuasive writing/speaking. However, the argument is put forward in a logical manner and is often supported by facts. - Persuasive techniques are often used in Argument.  Expository - The purpose of Expository writing, or Exposition, is to deliver information about an issue, subject, method, or idea.  Types of Expository writting include: Analogy Analysis Cause and Effect Classification Comparison and Contrast Definition Examples Process Analysis Identifying Discourse Types To identify a Discourse Type, you must pay attention to: The writer's purpose The main idea of the speech/passage The type of language used The way the information is organised Combinations of Discourse types - Very often, a speech/piece of writing will include a combination of discourse types. However, one of the discourse types should be clearly dominant. Thank you!